高一必修一语法 定语从句

restrictiverelativeclauseThemanlivesnexttous.Themanisapoliceofficer.Theman

wholivesnexttousisapoliceofficer.先行词关系词定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分Thisisabook.Thebookinterestsalargenumberofpeople.Thisisabook

which

interestsalargenumberofpeople.先行词关系词定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词关系代词关系副词whowhomthatwhichwhosewhenwherewhy关系代词关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）关系代词指人指物在定语从句中的作用Who√主语宾语Whom√宾语Which√主语宾语that√√主语宾语/表语whose√√定语＊whose的先行词指人时,可用ofwhom代替,即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhom=ofwhom+the+n.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.=Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors

__________________hadbeendestroyed.==Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors

__________________hadbeendestroyed.thehomesofwhomofwhomthehomes＊whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroom,whosewindow

facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,

facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,

facessouth.thewindowofwhich

ofwhichthewindow1.Thewomanwillshowusaround.Wesawherattheschoolgate.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wesawattheschoolgatewillshowusaround.2.Thereisonepoint.Wemustinsistonthispoint.Thereisonepoint(that/which)wemustinsiston.

Headmiredthisfamousscientist,about

whomwehadheardmanystories.3.Headmiredthisfamousscientist.Wehadheardmanystoriesabouthim.Isthatthenewspaperfor

whichyouoftenwritearticles?4.Isthatthenewspaper?

Youoftenwritearticlesforit.herthispointhimit先行词充当从句宾语1.Thewomanwillshowusaround.Wesawherattheschoolgate.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wesawattheschoolgatewillshowusaround.先行词充当从句宾语介词+关系代词注意：Hehasalittleson.Hehastolookafterhim.Hehasalittleson(who/whom/that)hehastolookafter.

他有个需要照看的小儿子。不能说成：Hehasalittlesonafterwhomhehastolook.himlookafterJackisnolongeralazyboy.Heusedtobealazyboy.Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.先行词充当从句表语alazyboy关系副词Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.Thisisthefactory__________Iworkedtenyearsago.Theschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.Theschool___________mysonstudiesisnearapark.关系副词where地点状语wherewherewhere引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。这就是我两年前住的房子。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich(=inthehouse)=EliasfirstmetMandelain1952.In1952hewas12yearsold.

EliasfirstmetMandelain1952,_______hewas12yearsold.Thedaysaregoneforever.Weusedforeignoilduringthosedays.Thedays

________weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.关系副词when时间状语whenwhenwhen引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。我永远也不会忘记我入团的那一天。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhich(=ontheday)=Therearemanyreasons.Forthereasonspeopleliketraveling.Therearemanyreasons________peopleliketraveling.关系副词why原因状语whywhy引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词,并在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。这就是他来晚的原因。Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=forwhich(=forthereason)

RelativeAdverbs:(关系副词)Whenwherewhy引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语.time时间状语place地点状语reason原因状语why(=for

which)where(=in/at

which)when(=at/in/on

which)FunctionintheclauseReferringtoTherelativeadverb(关系副词）1.Thisisthefactory_______________myfatheronceworked.2.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_______________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Thisisthereason_______________hewaslate.where/inwhichwhy/forwhichwhen/inwhichwhere/inwhichHomework

that和which以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，something,nothing,anything或由all,any,

few,little，much等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。2.先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。

3.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。4.先行词同时指人和物时，用that。5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时用that。6.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。

1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it以下情况，引导词用which，不用that:1)逗号后面(非限制性定语从句)2)介词后面2.Theday______hewasbornwasAug.20,1995.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.thisPracticeThisisthebestfilm_______I’veseen.Thatisthelastlesson______Igaveyou.Thisistheverybook______I’mafter.Theonlything

_______mattersistofindourwayhome.5.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.(that)(that)(that)thatthat6.Everything______yousaidistrue.7.Whichisthebook_____youwant?8.Whoisthegirl______sitsthere?9.Thehousein______weliveisnotbig.10.All_____issaidbyhimistrue.11.Arethereanyproblems____troubleyou?12.Thetree,_______isfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(that)(that)thatwhichthatthatwhich

who和whomwho既可在从句中用作主语，也可用作宾语；whom只作宾语。whom可以置于介词后，who不可。Thegirl__________________ImetisMsLi.2.Thegentlemanabout_______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.3.Theman_________standsthereisTom.(who/whom/that)who/thatwhomAnyone_____breaksthelawispunished.Those

_____breakthelawarepunished.He

_____breaksthelawispunished.在anyone,one,those（指人）作先行词时,一般用“who”;在he/she/I/they作先行词时,用“who”;在非限制性定语从句中，用“who”

。whowhowho

who和thatThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,_____washereamomentago.who＊whose的先行词指人时,可用ofwhom代替,即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhom=ofwhom+the+n.Theboy,whosebrotherisateacher,issittingoverthere.=Theboy,__________________isateacher,issittingoverthere.=Theboy,___________________isateacher,issittingoverthere.thebrotherofwhomofwhomthebrother

whose＊whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroom,whosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,

facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhich

ofwhichthewindow

PracticeTheman_________standsthereisTom.Thegirl________________ImetisMsLi.Theboy________watchwaslostisTom.Thebook_________liesonthedeskishis.Thepen___________youboughtisgood.Themagazine________coverisredisnice.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whose1.Thewomangotthejob.

ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman

who/that

canspeakRussian

gotthejob.2.

Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwho/that

isfamouswillgiveusatalk.3.Theladysteppedonhisfoot.

Hewasdancingwiththelady.Thelady(who/whom/that)

hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.4.Doyouknowtheman?

Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowtheman(who/whom/that)youwillvisittoday?Theladywith

whom

hewasdancingsteppedonhisfoot.5.Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.Thescientist

(who/whom/that)

wemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.

6.Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress(which/

that)sheiswearingisnew.7.Heisakindperson.

Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.

8.Thisisthebestfilm.

Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisthekindperson(who/whom/that)

Ihaveeverworkedwith.Thisisthebestfilmthat

Ihaveeverseen.HeisthekindpersonwithwhomIhaveeverworkedwith.Attention!

一、定语从句中的主谓一致问题

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。

1.Iamnotonewho______afraidofdifficulty．2.Don’tchooseme,who_______notfitforthisjob．

isam

1.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten2.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls___wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whomsings

3.Heisoneoftheboyswho______presentatthemeetingnow.4.Heistheonlyoneofthemwho______presentatthemeetingnow.5.Heistheoneofthemwho______presentatthemeeting.areisisPractice1.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek?D2.Isthisthefactory____wevisitedlastweek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Exercises3.Those____arepresentarewell.4.Isthisfactory_______hevisited?5.Isthisthefactory_____________hevisited?6.Thefirstthing______weshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.7.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey______arewalkingupthestreet.whotheone(which/that)thatthatPractice二、先行词在定从中的不同成分,引导词不同:a.

Thisistheplacewhereheworks.

Thisistheplacewhich(that)

wevisitedlastyear.b.Thatwasthetime

when

hearrived.

Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?c.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewent.

Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.1)Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworkingasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.when

C.how D.where2)Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasasecretaryinourcompany.A.whichB.when

C.how D.where3)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.A.whichB.when

C.how D.where4)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeencomplete.A.whichB.when

C.how D.where5)Ourcompanywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyearsago.A.where B.when

C.that D.which1.Isthisthecountry____aterribleearthquakehasjustoccurred?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone2.Isthisfactory___someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theoneExercise3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears__Iliveinthefarm__youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where4.Doyouknowthereason___hewaslate?A.forwhichB.forwhatC.whichD.that5.Maythefourthistheday____weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich6.Isthatthereason___youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat7.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch____washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./8.Iwillneverforgettheday____westudiedtogether.