2013gct录制课程-串讲语法04代词

。你是谁？代词指示代词;

不定代词。1.打---- o.This

is

Mary.Who’s

that?喂，我是----This

is

Tom.

我是

。指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：That

ismy

teacher.He

is

going

to

marry

this

girl.He

is

going

to

marry

this.Ibought

this.3.

That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：(对)He

admired

that

which

lookedbeautiful.(对)He

admired

those

wholookedbeautiful.(错)He

admired

that

who

danced

well.(对)He

admired

those

who

danced

well.为避免重复，有时可用that或those来代替前面已提到过的人或事物；用this或these来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例如：She’s

very

friendly,

and

that

is

why

we

all

love

her.You

needn’t

do

this

—

It’s

pretty

easy.向别人介绍某个人时，要说“This

is….”，而不说“Thatis….”，也不能说“Heis….”或“Sheis….”。介绍两个人时，先用“Thisis….”介绍一个人，然后用“Thatis….”介绍另一个人。如：This

is

Li

Ming.

Li

Ming，

this

isWei

Hua.Thisis

mybrother

andthat

is

mysister.6.one，that和it的区别：one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。I

can't

find

my

hat.I

think

I

must

buy

one.

(不定)The

hat

you

bought

is

bigger

than

that

I

bought.

(同类但不同个)I

can't

find

my

hat.

I

don't

know

where

I

put

it.

(同一物)替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，英语中不定代词是不指不定代词有：some

（

something,

somebody,

someone

）

，

any（

anything

，

anybody

，

anyone

）

， no

（

nothing

，nobody

，

no

one）， every

（

everything

，

everybody

，everyone），all，each，both，mu

any，（a）little，（

a）

few，

other

（

s），

another

，

none

，

one，

either

，neither等。注意：通常修饰不定代词的形容词要置于不定代词之后。Is

there

anything

important

in

today’s

Newsp

r?冠词不定冠词定冠词

连词一.句子的基本成分：主谓宾（表）；（定）（状）（补）二.句子的基本分类：简单句并列句复合句三.从句1.If从句=N.名词性从句Whether

he

is

the

rightcontroversial

issue.What

he

foundWhoever

is

finishedfor

the

job

is

still

awhat

hashappened.宾语从句whether

he

is

alive.The

idea

that

the

earth

is

round

is

not

a

new

one.The

whole

truth

came

out

at

last

that

he

was

a

wolf

insheep’s

clothing.2.从句=adj.形容词性从句定语从句红色的玫瑰Red

rose我喜欢红玫瑰。I

like

red

rose.我喜欢你昨天送给

玫瑰。拆分成简单句：I

like

therose.You

bought

me

a

rose

yesterday.：I

like

the

rose.+

you

bought

mea

rose关系+代词：Which

that

who

whom

whose

I

like

the

rose

which/that

you

boughtmeyesterday.注：关系代词whose在从句中作定语：Is

that

the

man

whose

house

was

burnt

down

last

week?是不是这个人的房子上星期着火啦？分解：Is

that

the

man?The

man’s

housewas

burnt

downlast

week.关系+副词:When

where

why关系词的选用主要取决于其在从句中的角色。我 也忘不了(我收到哈佛录取通知书的)那一天。分解：我忘不了那一天。1.

I’ll

neveret

the

day.我在那一天收到了哈佛录取通知书。2.

I

received

the

offer

from

Harvard

on

that

day.

1+2I’llnever et

the

day

whenI

received

the

offerfrom

Harvard.比较：我

也忘不了在澳大利亚度过的那些日子。分解：我 也忘不了那些日子。I’ll

never et

the

days.在澳大利亚度过了一些日子。we

spent

some

days

in

Australia.1+2I’ll

never et

the

days

that

we

spent

in

Australia.3.从句=adv.副词性从句状语从句（1）时间状语从句时间状语从句所涉及的从属连词：表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词：when,

while,

as,

whenever表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词：before,after表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词：since,

until,till表示“一…就”的时间连词：assoon

as,themoment,theminute,the

second,

the

instant,

immedia

y,directly,instantly,once,

no

sooner…than,hardly…when等：表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词：everytime，each

time，(the)next

time，any

time，(the)lasttime，the

time.地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。I

foundmy

book

whereI

had

left

it.Wherever

you

plant

things

they

generally

grow.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词，主要的有 in

order

that,

sothat,

incase,

for

fear。注意：He

came

in

quietly

in

order

that

he

shouldn’t

wake

hiswife.He

came

in

quietly

in

order

not

to

wakehis

wifeSo

that

so

as

(not)to

doFor

fear

that

for

fear

of

ng（4）结果状语从句He

fell

in

the

water,

so

that

all

his

clothes

got

wet.（5）让步状语从句所涉及的从属连词主要有：although,

though,even

though,even

if,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever等：However

you

use

it,

it

won’tbreak.However

cold

it

is,

she

always

goes

swimming.However

difficult

it

is

to

surmount

the

obstacles,

we’rebound

to

achieve

ourgoal.（6）原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词：because,

as,

since,

seeing(that),

now

(that),

considering

(that)等：He

couldn’tgo

to

school

because

he

had

a

cold.条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词:if,unless,as[so]

long

as,incase等。方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词：as,like,as

if,as

though,

theway等。They

treat

me

as

though

I

were

a

stranger.They

liveinabig

room,the

windows

ofwhich

open

tothesouth.The

textile

mill

has

over

8,000

workers

and

staff,whom

are

women.The

meeting

was

put

off,

which

was

exactly

what

wewanted.Miss

Hornby

helped

me

with

grammar,

which

was

verykind

of

her.只能用that的情况:1.先行词为all,

everything,

nothing,

something,

anything,