2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号53

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

问题1选项

A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath

B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath

C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath

D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled

问题2选项

A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection

B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking

C.wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily

D.wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool

问题3选项

A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.

B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.

C.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual.

D.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.

问题4选项

A.reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield

B.presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook

C.contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzehistoricalchange

D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon

问题5选项

A.themortalityrate

B.thenatureofindustry

C.thenatureofthefamily

D.attitudestowardreformmovements

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一句提到1986年一位两岁的小孩意外去世，其父母没有得到赔偿，因为小孩没有给家里带来收入。所以可以推断，19世纪意外死亡的赔偿是根据人能否创造经济价值来决定的。选项A符合题意。

第2题:题干中的1800’s与第一段的1896对应，所以19世纪早期注重的是孩子的经济价值，所以选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章最后一段提到所谓的社会经济学家认为人的一切社会活动都是把金钱放在最重要的地位。（thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain），选项B符合这一原则。

第4题:文章没有提到“anewacademicsubfield”，选项A排除；文章没有通过对比来分析历史，选项C排除；作者并没有表明对社会现象的传统解释的态度，选项D排除。所以选项B符合题意，文章主要在讲述VivianaZelizer的PricingthePricelessChild这本书。

第5题:第三段第二句话Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.提到影响儿童价值的因素包括：成熟的工业体系导致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是儿童的死亡率下降，家庭成员间的关系。四个选项中只有D选项没有提及，所以D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Asmanyas100speciesoffish,some（

）tothesewaters,mayhavebeenaffectedbythepollution.

问题1选项

A.unusual

B.particular

C.typical

D.unique

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。unusual“不寻常的”；particular“特别的，详细的”；typical“典型的”；unique“独一无二的”。句意：在这片水域有100多种鱼类，有些是独一无二的，已经被污水影响了。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Toourgreatdelight,yesterdaywereceiveda（n）（）donationfromabenefactor.

问题1选项

A.handsome

B.awesome

C.miserly

D.prodigal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。handsome“英俊的，大方的”；awesome“令人敬畏的，可怕的；极好的”；miserly“吝啬的，贪婪的”；prodigal“挥霍的，十分慷慨的”。句意：令我们高兴的是，昨天我们收到了一位捐助者大量的捐助物。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

His（）thighswerebarelystrongenoughtosupporttheweightofhisbody.

问题1选项

A.inanimate

B.rustic

C.malleable

D.shrunken

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。inanimate“死气沉沉的，无生气的，单调的”；rustic“乡村的”；malleable“有延展性的，可锻的，可塑的”；shrunken“缩小的”。句意：他那毫无生气的大腿还不足以强壮到支撑他的身体。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

（

）downthanthetelephonerang.

问题1选项

A.NotuntilIlay

B.NosoonerhadIlain

C.HardlyhadIlain

D.ScarcelydidIlie

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。lie“躺；位于”，其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是：lay,lain,lying；lay“放，搁，下蛋”，其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是：laid,laid,laying。句意：我刚躺下，电话就响了。Nosonner…than…为固定句式，且前半句需要部分倒装，所以选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

PeterSellerswouldn’tbeallowedhiscareertoday.Allthosefunnyracialstereotypes—thecaricaturedfrogs.Woops,yidsandgoodness-gracious-mePakis—areinclearbreachofthecodesofpoliticalcorrectness.

Hislewddisguisesandoverdoneaccentsbelongwithblack-and-whiteminstrelshowsandclog-dancing—it’sthecomedyofyesteryear.

HaveyoutriedlisteningtoTheGoonShowlately?ItisareworkingofTheGangShow.Excruciatinglybadanddated,andfullofexplosions,GunfireandjokesaboutHitlerandtheWar.

Nonetheless,Sellerscontinuestoobsesspeople.He’salreadybeenthesubjectofbiographiesgalore,including,actin1994,a1,200magnumopusbymyself,whichisnowbeingturnedintoabiopicstarringGeoffreyRush.

TheappealliesinthemythicdimensionsofSellers’story.Hehadeverythinganditwasn’tenough.Hewasacomedianwithatragicinabilitytoenjoylife.Hewasworld-famousanddesperatelylonely.Attheheightofhisfame,asinspectorClouseau,hiseccentricitytippedovertheedgeintogenuineinsanity.Hewasabasketcase.

Thisisirresistiblematerial.Sellers’subversiveandimmoderatebehaviourputshiminaclassofhisown.PicturemydisappointmentwithEdSikov’stome,therefore.Here'sathickbookthattellsusnothingnew.

FornewcomerstoSellers,however,Mr.Strangdoveisaperfectdigestoftheman’slifeandwork,brisklytold.Sellerswasdescendedformafamilyofbare-knuckleEastEndprize-lighters.Althoughhisparentsweremusichallentertainers.Hisclinging,whiningmother,Peg,wasaquick-changeartistandhisfather,Bill,wasaukuleleplayerandsoft-shoe-shufflemerchant.

Theyoungpeterwasraisedintheghostly,twilightworldofshabbytheatresandend-of-the-pierrevues;dogacts,acrobaticmidgets,incompetentconjurorsandgypsyviolinists.TogofromtheseoriginsandbecomeasbigasTheBeatles,ashewasintheSixties,isanamazingfeat.

SellersspenttheSecondWorldWarintheAirforce,impersonatingofficersandplayingthedrumstoentertainthetroops.Whenhewasdemobbedheworkedinholidaycampsandbegangettingspotsonradio.CulminatinginTheGoonShow.HedubbedthevoicesofChurchillandHumphreyBogartonfilmsoundtracks,anditwaswhilehangingabouttruestudiosthathewasofferedwalk-onroles.

HisbreakthroughcamewiththepartofateddyboyinTheladykillers,afilmthatimproveswitheachviewing.ThisledtotheroleoffFredKite,theshaven-headed,belligerentshopstewardinI’mAllrightJackwhichwonhimaBritishAcademyBestActorstatuette.WhenPeterUstinovdroppedoutofThepinkPantheronaFriday.SellersflewtothesetinRomeonMondaytoreplacehim.Therestishistory.

Ornotoriety.Sellers’descentintomadnesswasswift.HegotridofhiswifeandchildrenandchasedafterBrittEklang,whomhepouncedoninTheDorchesterandmarriedtendayslater.Hetookdrugstoenhancehispotency,andthisprecipitatedaheartattack.HavingworkedonDr.Strangeloveduringtheday,eacheveningbelockedhimselfinthebathroomandthreatenedtocommitsuicide.BryanForbesandNanetteNewnanhadtocomeoverandtalktohimthroughthedoor.HethendecidedtobewantedtomarryNanette.HealsowantedtomarrySophiaLoren,PrincessMargaretandLizaMinnelli.

Hismisbehaviorandunprofessionalismcostfilmstudiosmillionsofdollars.Setshadtoberepaintedandcostumesremadeiftheywerepurpleorgreen-colorsofwhichhewasmorbidlysuperstitious.

Heenjoyedmessingaboutduringfilmingandblowinghislines;hepulledgumsonpeople.HewalkedoffCasinoRoyaleandwasdiscoveredinBrittEklang’smother’shouseinSweden.Meanwhile,OrsonWellesandtherestofthecastwereinfullmake-upandonfullpaybackatPinewood,waitingforhimtoreappear.

Sellerswashappyonlyincompanyofhisgadgets,camerasandfastcars,whichhe’dreplaceorabandonwithmanicfrequency.Atoneofhisweddings,themaidsofhonorwerethebride’sdogs.Hewasalsoselfishintheextreme:whenhisrelationshipsbrokeup,hedsendhishenchmenroundtoretrievehisgifts.

1.PeoplearestillobsessedwithPeterSellersbecause______.

2.Bysaying“hewasabasketcase”，theauthormeansthatPeterSellerswas_____.

3.Accordingtothepassage,PeterSellerslookdrugstoimprove_______.

4.The“galore”inparagraph4means_____.

5.PeterSellerscanbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.hewasagenius

B.hewasasbigasTheBeatles

C.hislifewasfullofdramaandcontradiction

D.heledaveryausterelife

问题2选项

A.handicapped

B.deranged

C.impetuous

D.callous

问题3选项

A.histheatricalperformance

B.hisbreathtakingperformance

C.hiswalk-onrolesonthestage

D.hisperformancesexually

问题4选项

A.numerous

B.anecdotal

C.critical

D.unauthorized

问题5选项

A.unpredictablebutgenerous

B.talentedbutunstable

C.sanebutselfish

D.eccentricbutreliable

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章第四段出现了题干中的单词obsess，原因则出现在第五段Theappealliesinthemythicdimensionsofseller’sstory，是因为他谜一样的生活。作者在第五段提到了Sellers拥有一切，但是他又非常孤独，所以他的人生充满了矛盾。选项C符合题意。

第2题:题干中的basketcase意思是“有怪癖的人”。Handicapped“有生理缺陷的”；deranged“精神错乱的”；impetuous“冲动的；鲁莽的”；callous“无情的，麻木的”。选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第11段提到hetookdrugstoenhancehispotency，他为了提高性能力而去吸毒，所以选项D符合题意。

第4题:题干中的galore意思是“丰盛的”。numerous“许多的，很多的”；anecdotal“轶事的”；critical“批评的”；unauthorized“非法的”。选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章最后一段提到hewasalsoselfishintheextreme:whenhisrelationshipsbrokeup.he'dsendhishenchmenroundtoretrievehisgifts，可以知道他自私，心理扭曲，所以可以排除选项A和C；文章提到他曾要自杀（commitsuicide），所以选项D可以排除。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

JohnglancedatMarytoseewhatshethought,butsheremained（）.

问题1选项

A.manifest

B.obnoxious

C.inscrutable

D.obscene

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。manifest“明白的，清楚的”；obnoxious“讨厌的，可憎的”；inscrutable“神秘的，难以了解的，不能预测的”；obscene“猥亵的，淫秽的”。句意：约翰瞥了一眼玛丽，想知道她在想什么，但是玛丽仍旧保持着神秘的样子。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Themanager（）factsandfigurestomakeitseemthatthecompanywasprosperous.

问题1选项

A.beguiled

B.besmirched

C.juxtaposed

D.juggled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beguile“欺骗”；besmirch“弄脏，诽谤”；juxtapose“并置，并列”；juggle“歪曲，篡改”。句意：经理歪曲事实，并且篡改数据，使得公司看起来一片繁荣。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Intheir（）

thegroupsoldasmanyrecordsasalltheothergroupsinthecountryputtogether.

问题1选项

A.eulogy

B.heyday

C.summit

D.mundaneness

【答案】B

【解析】eulogy“颂词”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“顶点”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他们的全盛时期，这个团队的销售量是本国其他所有团队的销售量总和。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Thepubliccanrest（

）

thatdetectivesaredoingeverythingpossibletofindthe

murderer.

问题1选项

A.assured

B.approved

C.guaranteed

D.convinced

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restassuredthat“(强调所言确凿无误)尽管放心”。因此选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Inherbrightyellowcoat,shewaseasily（

）inthecrowed.

问题1选项

A.accessible

B.identifiable

C.negligible

D.incredible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。accessible“易接近的，可进入的”；identifiable“可辨认的，可认明的”；negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的”。句意：她穿着亮黄色的外套，在人群中很容易被认出来。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

问题1选项

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。evidence“证据，证明”；hearing“听力；审讯”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正义”；rule“统治，规则”。句意：警察正竭尽全力找出爆炸案的元凶将之绳之以法。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Inthemovieheplaysalovingand（）fathertryingtobringuptwoteenagechildrenonhisown.

问题1选项

A.sensitive

B.senseless

C.sensual

D.sensuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；senseless“愚蠢的，无知的”；sensual“感觉的；肉欲的”；sensuous“感觉上的，感官的”。句意：在电影中他扮演了一个有爱而又敏感的父亲，他要独自一人抚养两个孩子。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and，hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebatethattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforonetheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“labormarketproblems”inLine1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

4.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage，onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

问题1选项

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering.

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty.

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures.

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesand

问题2选项

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

问题3选项

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

问题4选项

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

问题5选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesandremainpoor

D.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章开头一句话Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?引出话题。作者主要讲述了劳动市场问题对社会所造成的冲击很难用数据体现。全文从数据对社会问题的夸大和低估两个方面开始进行分析。对各个段落进行分析可以知道选项D符合题意。

第2题:文章全文都在说劳动市场问题就是低工资和高就业率这两个问题。导致贫困的原因不仅仅是劳动市场这个原因，选项A排除；选项B与C，“员工缺少训练”“生产者之间贸易关系”都没有提及，所以排除。选项D符合题意。

第3题:从文章的开头和最后两句话可知作者认为目前面临的最大问题便是已有的统计数据不能估计出劳动市场问题所带来的具体影响，因此推断出新的统计方式迫在眉睫。新的标准应该用来衡量失业和收入太少的职业。选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第二段最后一句话Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.提到从首付分配转移中得利的是老人、残疾人还有需要赡养的人，而那些工作的穷人则被忽视了。选项A符合题意。

第5题:从文章中这句话Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.可以看出有些人虽然单份工作的工资不高，但是他们身兼数职，收入不低。选项A与C会让人低估社会的贫困问题，题干中的over-predict是高估的意思，所以这两个选项排除。选项D原文没有提及。所以选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Thismorningwhenshewaswalkinginthestreet,ablackcar（）besideher.

问题1选项

A.drewout

B.drewoff

C.drewdown

D.drewup

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。drawout“取出，拟定，拉长”；drawoff“撤退，转移”；drawdown“引来，招致”；drawup“草拟，停住”。句意：这个早上当她正走在街上的时候，一辆黑色的汽车停在她旁边。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Itmakesherveryangrywhenhesaysthatmenareintrinsically（）towomen.

问题1选项

A.meticulous

B.applicable

C.superior

D.inferior

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。meticulous“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”；applicable“可适用的，可应用的”；superior“优越，优秀”；inferior“差的；自卑的”。句意：当听到他说男人在本质上优于女人这个说法时，她很生气。选项C符合题意。

17.单选题

AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied,“I’mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.

Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty—drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,thelibertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,butofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyourlibertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnevercrossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.

Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocialcontract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),orwearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman’spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxtoWordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.

InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone’sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywestepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople’sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreetstheneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.

Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuchmoreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,anddeclarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney.

1.Theauthormighthavestatedhis“ruleoftheroad”as（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinParagraph1is（）.

3.Asituationanalogoustothe“insolenceofoffice”describedinParagraph2wouldbe（）.

4.Theauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesin（）.

5.Inthesentence“Weareallliable...”theauthoris（）.

问题1选项

A.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad

B.followtheordersofpolicemen

C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic

D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate

问题2选项

A.condescending

B.intolerant

C.objective

D.supportive

问题3选项

A.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors

B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle

C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts

D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier

问题4选项

A.allmattersofdressandfood

B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers

C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw

D.hisownhome

问题5选项

A.pointingoutageneralweakness

B.emphasizinghismainpoint

C.counteringageneralmisconception

D.suggestingaremedy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:ruleoftheroad出现在文章的第二段第一句话的后半句，作者在第一段中举了老太太不走人行道过马路这个例子来说明当时的社会风气。作者的观点是要懂得在公共场合体谅他人。选项C符合题意。

第2题:作者对老太太过马路不遵守交通规则持反对态度，认为她只顾自己的绝对自由而不管他人，所以选项B符合题意。

第3题:insolenceofoffice指的是前面提到的警察指挥交通，这种行为看似侵害到了个人自由，选项C“税务检察院检查某人的账目”与之相似，选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第三段第二句话inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike提到绝对自由的前提是不要妨碍他人的自由，所以选项B符合题意。

第5题:句子位于文章最后一段第一句话，这个句子中的this指代上文提到的不应该妨碍他人的自由，人们很容易忘记这一点，人们容易看到别人的缺陷。作者指出人们都有这个缺点，选项A符合题意。

18.填空题

NowwhenIhadmasteredthelanguageofthiswater,andhadcometoknoweverytriflingfeaturesthatborderedthegreatriverasfamilia