Oracle英文版培训课件之RAC for Administrators：00-Introduction

IntroductionOverviewThiscourseisdesignedforanyoneinterestedinimplementingaRealApplicationClusters(RAC)database.Althoughcoverageisgeneral,mostoftheexamplesandlabsinthiscourseareLinuxbased.KnowledgeofandexperiencewithOracleDatabase10garchitectureareassumed.Lecturematerialissupplementedwithhands-onpractices.CourseObjectivesInthiscourse,you:LearntheprincipalconceptsofRACInstalltheRACcomponentsAdministerdatabaseinstancesinaRACandASMenvironmentManageservicesBackupandrecoverRACdatabasesMonitorandtuneperformanceofaRACdatabaseAdministerOracleClusterwareTypicalScheduleTopicsLessonsDayIntroductionandinstallationI,1,2,31RACadministrationandtuning4,5,627,83Advancedtopics9,10411,125Workshop:Cloning5AHistoryofInnovationNonblockingqueriesOPSRACAutomaticStorageManagementAutomatic

WorkloadManagementLow-costcommodityclustersResourcemanagerDataGuardEnterpriseGridsOracle

ClusterwareGrid

ControlWhatIsaCluster?Interconnectednodes

actasasingleserver.Clustersoftware

hidesthestructure.Disksareavailable

forreadand

writebyallnodes.Operatingsystem

isthesameoneach

machine.NodeDisksPrivateInterconnectClusterware

oneachnodePublic

NetworkPublic

NetworkPublic

NetworkPublic

NetworkWhatIsOracleRealApplicationClusters?Multipleinstances

accessingthesame

databaseOneInstance

pernodePhysicalor

logicalaccess

toeach

databasefileSoftware-controlled

dataaccessInstances

spread

acrossnodesDatabase

filesInterconnectShared

cacheWhyUseRACHighavailability:Survivenodeandinstancefailures.Scalability:Addmorenodesasyouneedtheminthefuture.Payasyougrow:Payforjustwhatyouneedtoday.Keygridcomputingfeatures:GrowthandshrinkageondemandSingle-buttonadditionofserversAutomaticworkloadmanagementforservicesClustersandScalabilitySMPmodelRACmodelCacheCPUCPUCacheCPUCPUMemoryCachecoherencySGABGPBGPSGABGPBGPShared

storageCachefusionBGP:BackgroundprocessLevelsofScalabilityHardware:Diskinput/output(I/O)Internodecommunication:HighbandwidthandlowlatencyOperatingsystem:NumberofCPUsDatabasemanagementsystem:SynchronizationApplication:DesignScaleupandSpeedupOriginalsystem100%oftaskClustersystemscaleupUpto200%

of

taskUpto300%

of

taskTimeHardwareTimeTimeClustersystemspeedupTime/2HardwareHardwareHardwareHardwareTimeHardware100%

oftaskSpeedup/ScaleupandWorkloadsWorkloadOLTPandInternetDSSwithparallelqueryBatch(mixed)SpeedupNoYesPossibleScaleupYesYesYesI/OThroughputBalanced:ExampleFC-switchHBA1HBA2HBA1HBA2HBA1HBA2HBA1HBA2Disk

array1Disk

array2Disk

array3Disk

array4Disk

array5Disk

array6Disk

array7Disk

array8Eachmachinehas2CPUs:2200MB/s4=1600MB/sEachmachinehas2HBAs:

8200MB/s=1600MB/sEachswitchneedstosupport800MB/s

toguaranteeatotalsystemthroughput

of

1600MB/s.Eachdiskarray

hasone2-Gbit

controller:8200MB/s=

1600MB/sTypicalComponentsPerformance ThroughputPerformance Component theory(Bit/s) maximalByte/s HBA ½Gbit/s 100/200Mbytes/s 16PortSwitch 82Gbit/s 1600Mbytes/s FibreChannel 2Gbit/s 200Mbytes/s DiskController 2Gbit/s 200Mbytes/s GigENIC 1Gbit/s 80Mbytes/s Infiniband 10Gbit/s 890Mbytes/s CPU 200–250MB/sCompleteIntegratedClusterwareManagementAPIsHardware/OSkernelHardware/OSkernelConnectivityMembershipMessagingandlockingVolumeManager

filesystemApplicationsClustercontrolEventServicesSystemManagementApplications/RAC

Servicesframework

Clustercontrol/RecoveryAPIs

AutomaticStorageManagement

Messagingandlocking

Membership

ConnectivityEventServices9iRAC10gOracleClusterwareTheNecessityofGlobalResources1008SGA1SGA21008SGA1SGA210081008SGA1SGA21008SGA1SGA2100910081009Lost

updates!1234GlobalResourcesCoordinationLMONLMD0LMSxDIAG…LCK0CacheGRDMasterGESGCSLMONLMD0LMSxDIAG…CacheLCK0GRDMasterGESGCSNode1Instance1NodenInstancenClusterInterconnectGlobal

resourcesGlobalEnqueueServices(GES)GlobalCacheServices(GCS)GlobalResourceDirectory(GRD)GlobalCacheCoordination:ExampleNode1Instance1Node2Instance2…CacheCluster10091008123GCS4NodiskI/OLMONLMD0LMSx…LCK0Cache1009DIAGLMONLMD0LMSxLCK0DIAGBlockmastered

byinstanceoneWhichinstance

masterstheblock?Instancetwohas

thecurrentversionoftheblock.WritetoDiskCoordination:ExampleNode1Instance1Node2Instance2CacheCluster10101010132GCS45Onlyone

diskI/OLMONLMD0LMSxLCK0DIAGLMONLMD0LMSxLCK0DIAG……Cache1009Needtomakeroom

inmycache.

Whohasthecurrentversion

ofthatblock?Instancetwoownsit.

Instancetwo,flushtheblock

todisk.Blockflushed,makeroomDynamicReconfigurationNode1Instance1mastersR1grantedR21,31,2,3Node2Instance2mastersR3grantedR41,22,3Node3Instance3mastersR5grantedR61,2,32Node1Instance1mastersR1grantedR21,31,3Node2Instance2mastersR3grantedR41,22,3Node3Instance3mastersR5grantedR61,3R33R41ReconfigurationremasteringObjectAffinityandDynamicRemasteringNode1Node2Instance2Instance1ObjectReadfrom

diskGCSmessagetomasterMessagesaresenttoremotenodewhenreadingintocache.Node1Node2Instance2Instance1Nomessagesaresenttoremotenodewhenreadingintocache.Before

dynamic

remasteringAfter

dynamic

remasteringGlobalDynamicPerformanceViewsRetrieveinformationaboutallstartedinstancesHaveoneglobalviewforeachlocalviewUseoneparallelslaveoneachinstanceNode1Instance1NodenInstancenClusterV$INSTANCEV$INSTANCEGV$INSTANCEAdditionalMemoryRequirementforRACHeuristicsforscalabilitycases:15%moresharedpool10%morebuffercacheSmallerbuffercacheperinstanceinthecaseof

single-instanceworkloaddistributedacrossmultipleinstancesCurrentvalues:SELECTresource_name,current_utilization,max_utilizationFROMv$resource_limitWHEREresource_namelike'g%s_%';SELECT*FROMv$sgastatWHEREnamelike'g_s%'ornamelike'KCL%';EfficientInternodeRow-LevelLockingNode1Instance1Node2Instance2UPDATENode1Instance1Node2Instance2UPDATENode1Instance1Node2Instance2UPDATENode1Instance1Node2Instance2COMMITNoblock-level

lock1234ParallelExecutionwithRACExecutionslaveshavenodeaffinitywiththeexecutioncoordinator,butwillexpandifneeded.ExecutioncoordinatorParallelexecutionserverShareddisksNode4Node1Node2Node3RACSoftwarePrinciplesNode1Instance1OracleClusterwareCRSD&RACGIMONOCSSD&OPROCDEVMDLMONLMD0LMSxDIAG…CacheNodenInstancenClusterApplicationsVIP,ONS,EMD,ListenerOracleClusterwareCRSD&RACGIMONOCSSD&OPROCDEVMDASM,DB,Services,OCRApplicationsVIP,ONS,EMD,ListenerASM,DB,Services,OCRGlobal

management:

SRVCTL,DBCA,EMCluster

interfaceLCK0LMONLMD0LMSxDIAG…CacheLCK0Global

resourcesRACSoftwareStoragePrinciplesNode1Instance1CRS_HOMELocalstorageORACLE_HOMENodenInstancenLocalstorage…VotingfilesOCRfilesNode1Instance1LocalstorageNodenInstancenLocalstorage…SharedstorageVotingfilesOCRfilesORACLE_HOMEPermitsrollingpatchupgradesSoftwarenotasingle

pointoffailureSharedstorageCRS_HOMECRS_HOMEASM_HOMECRS_HOMEORACLE_HOMEASM_HOMEASM_HOMERACDatabaseStoragePrinciplesNode1Instance1…NodenInstancenOnline

redologfiles

forinstance1Online

redologfiles

forinstancenUndotablespace

filesfor

instance1Undotablespace

filesfor

instancenArchived

logfilesLocalstorageLocalstorageSharedstorageDatafilesFlashrecoveryareafilesChangetrackingfileSPFILEControlfilesTempfilesTDEWalletArchived

logfilesRACandSharedStorageTechnologiesStorageisacriticalcomponentofgrids:SharingstorageisfundamentalNewtechnologytrendsSupportedsharedstorageforOraclegrids:NetworkAttachedStorageStorageAreaNetworkSupportedfilestorageforOraclegrids:RawvolumesClusterfilesystemASMOracleClusterFileSystemIsashareddiskclusterfilesystemforLinuxandWindowsImprovesmanagementofdataforRACbyeliminatingtheneedtomanagerawdevicesProvidesopensolutionontheoperatingsystemsideCanbedownloadedfromOTN:/projects/ocfs/(Linux)/technology/software/products/database/oracle10g/index.html(Windows)AutomaticStorageManagementProvidesthefirstportableandhigh-performance

databasefilesystemManagesOracledatabasefilesContainsdataspreadacross

diskstobalanceloadProvidesintegratedmirroring

acrossdisksSolvesmanystorage

managementchallengesASMFile

systemVolume

managerOperatingsystemApplicationDatabaseRaworCFS?UsingCFS:SimplermanagementUseofOMFwithRACSingleOraclesoftwareinstallationAutoextendUsingraw:PerformanceUsewhenCFSnotavailableCannotbeusedforarchivelogfilesASMeasesworkTypicalClusterStackwithRACHigh-speedInterconnect:GigabitEthe