Oracle英文版培训课件之RAC for Administrators：12-HA

DesignforHighAvailabilityObjectivesAftercompletingthislesson,youshouldbeableto:DesignaMaximumAvailabilityArchitectureinyourenvironmentDeterminethebestRACandDataGuardtopologiesforyourenvironmentConfiguretheDataGuardBrokerconfigurationfilesinaRACenvironmentDecideonthebestASMconfigurationtousePatchyourRACsysteminarollingfashionCausesofUnplannedDownTimeUnplannedDowntimeSoftwarefailuresHardwarefailuresHumanerrorsDisastersOperatingsystemDatabaseMiddlewareApplicationNetworkCPUMemoryPowersupplyBusDiskTapeControllersNetworkPowerOperatorerrorUsererrorDBASystemadmin.SabotageFireFloodEarthquakePowerfailureBombingCausesofPlannedDownTimePlanneddowntimeRoutineoperationsPeriodicmaintenanceNewdeploymentsBackupsPerformancemgmtSecuritymgmtBatchesStoragemaintenanceInitializationparametersSoftwarepatchesSchemamanagementOperatingsystemMiddlewareNetworkHWupgradeOSupgradesDBupgradesMidWupgradesAppupgradesNetupgradesOracle’sSolutiontoDownTimeUnplanned

downtimePlanned

downtimeSystem

failuresData

failuresRAC

DataGuard

StreamsFlashbackASMHARDDataGuard

&

StreamsRMANbackup/recoveryDynamicprovisioningSystem

changesData

changesRollingupgradesOnlineredefinitionFast-start

FaultRecoveryRACandDataGuardComplementarityNodesInstancesDataSiteResourceCauseComponentfailureSoftwarefailureHumanerrorEnvironmentRACRACDataGuard

&

FlashbackDataGuard

&

StreamsProtectionMaximumAvailabilityArchitectureWANTraffic

ManagerOracle

Application

ServerClientsRAC

databaseRACdatabases:

Phys&logstandbyOracle

Application

ServerPrimary

siteSecondary

siteDataGuardRACandDataGuardTopologiesSymmetricconfigurationwithRACatallsites:SamenumberofinstancesSameservicepreferencesAsymmetricconfigurationwithRACatallsites:DifferentnumberofinstancesDifferentservicepreferencesAsymmetricconfigurationwithmixtureofRACandsingleinstance:AllsitesrunningunderOracleClusterwareSomesingle-instancesitesnotrunningunderOracleClusterwareRACandDataGuardArchitecturePrimaryinstanceAPrimaryinstanceBStandbyreceivinginstanceCStandbyapplyinstanceDOnline

redofilesStandby

redofilesRFSARCnLGWRRFSARCnLGWRPrimarydatabaseStandbydatabaseApplyFlash

recovery

areaFlash

recovery

areaARCnARCnDataGuardBroker(DGB)and

OracleClusterware(OC)IntegrationOCmanagesintrasiteHAoperations.OCmanagesintrasiteplannedHAoperations.OCnotifieswhenmanualinterventionisrequired.DBAreceivesnotification.DBAdecidestoswitchoverorfailoverusingDGB.DGBmanagesintersiteplannedHAoperations.DGBtakesoverfromOCforintersitefailover,switchover,andprotectionmodechanges:DMONnotifiesOCtostopanddisablethesite,leavingalloroneinstance.DMONnotifiesOCtoenableandstartthesiteaccordingtotheDGsiterole.Fast-StartFailover:OverviewFast-StartFailoverimplementsautomaticfailovertoastandbydatabase:Triggeredbyfailureofsite,hosts,storage,datafileofflineimmediate,ornetworkWorkswithandsupplementsRACserverfailoverFailoveroccursinseconds(<20seconds).ComparabletoclusterfailoverOriginalproductionsiteautomaticallyrejoinstheconfigurationafterrecovery.AutomaticallymonitoredbyanObserverprocess:LocateitonadistinctserveronadistinctdatacenterEnterpriseManagercanrestartitonfailureInstalledthroughOracleClientAdministratorDataGuardBrokerConfigurationFiles*.DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILE1=+DG1/RACDB/dr1config.dat*.DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILE2=+DG1/RACDB/dr2config.datSharedstorageRAC01RAC02HardwareAssistedResilientDataPreventscorruptionintroduced

inI/OpathIssupportedbymajorstoragevendors:EMC,Fujitsu,Hitachi,HP,NEC,NetworkApplianceSunMicrosystemsAllfiletypesandblocksizescheckedVolMan/ASMOracledatabaseOperatingsystemDevicedriverHostBusAdapterSANinterfaceStoragedeviceSAN

&

VirtualizationBlocksvalidatedandprotectioninformationaddedtoblocks

[DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM=TRUE]Protectioninformationvalidated

bystoragedevicewhenenabled

symchksum–typeOracleenablePatchesandtheRACEnvironmentex0043/u01/app/oracle/product/db_1ex0045/u01/app/oracle/product/db_1Applyapatchsetto/u01/app/oracle/product/db_1onallnodes.ex0044/u01/app/oracle/product/db_1"Unabletoacquireawriterlockonnodesex0044.RestarttheinstallafterverifyingthatthereisnoOUIsessiononanyoftheselectednodes."InventoryListLocksTheOUIemploysatimedlockontheinventoryliststoredonanode.Thelockpreventsaninstallationfromchangingalistbeingusedconcurrentlybyanotherinstallation.Ifaconflictisdetected,thesecondinstallationissuspendedandthefollowingmessageappears:OPatchSupportforRAC:OverviewOPatchsupportsfourdifferentmethods:All-nodepatch:Stopall/Patchall/StartallMinimizedowntime:Stop/Patch

allbutone,Stoplast,Startalldown,Patchlast/StartlastRollingpatch:Stop/Patch/StartoneatatimeLocalpatch:Stop/Patch/StartonlyoneHowdoesOPatchselectwhichmethodtouse:If(usersspecify-local|-local_node)patchingmechanism=Localelseif(usersspecify-minimize_downtime) patchingmechanism=Min.Downtimeelseif(patchisarollingpatch) patchingmechanism=Rollingelsepatchingmechanism=All-nodeRollingPatchUpgradeUsingRACOperating

system

upgradesOracle

patch

upgradesHardware

upgradesClientsInitialRACconfigurationClientsClientson,patchClientsClientsUpgradecomplete1243ABPatchPatchABClientson,patchBADownloadandInstallPatchUpdatesDownloadandInstallPatchUpdatesRollingReleaseUpgradeUsingSQLApplyMajorreleaseupgradesPatchsetupgradesCluster

softwareand

hardware

upgradesVersionnVersionnLogs

shipClientsInitialSQLApplysetupVersionnVersionn+1Logs

queueClientsUpgradestandbysiteVersionnVersionn+1Logs

shipClientsRunmixedtotestVersionn+1Versionn+1Logs

shipClientsSwitchover,upgradestandby1243DatabaseHighAvailability:BestPracticesUseSPFILE.Createtwoormorecontrolfiles.SetCONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIMElongenough.MultiplexproductionandstandbyredologsLogcheckpointstothealertlog.Useauto-tunecheckpointing.EnableARCHIVELOGmodeanduseaflashrecoveryarea.EnableFlashbackDatabase.Enableblockchecking.UseAutomaticUndoManagement.Uselocallymanagedtablespaces.UseAutomaticSegmentSpaceManagement.Useresumablespaceallocation.UseDatabaseResourceManager.Registerallinstanceswithremotelisteners.Usetemporarytablespaces.HowManyASMDiskGroupsperDatabaseTwodiskgroupsarerecommended.LeveragemaximumofLUNs.Backupscanbestoredonone

FRAdiskgroup.Lowerperformancemaybe

usedforFRA(orinnertracks).Exceptions:AdditionaldiskgroupsfordifferentcapacityorperformancecharacteristicsDifferentILMstoragetiersDataDGFRADGERPDBCRMDBHRDBDatabaseStorageConsolidationSharedstorageacrossseveraldatabases:RACandsingle-instancedatabasescanusethesameASMinstance.Benefits:SimplifiedandcentralizedmanagementHigherstorageutilizationHigherperformancePayrollGLPayroll&GL1050GB1050GB10100GB………WhichRAIDConfigurationforBestAvailability?

A.ASMmirroring

B.HardwareRAID1(mirroring)

C.HardwareRAID5(parityprotection)

D.BothASMmirroringandhardwareRAIDAnswer:Dependsonbusinessrequirementandbudget(cost,availability,performance,andutilization)ASMleverageshardwareRAID.ShouldYouUseRAID1orRAID5?RAID1(Mirroring)RecommendedbyOracleMostdemandingapplications

Pros:BestredundancyBestperformanceLowrecoveryoverheadCons:RequireshighercapacityRAID5(Parity)DSSandmoderateOLTPPros:RequireslesscapacityCons:LessredundancyLessperformanceHighrecoveryoverheadShouldYouUseASMMirroringProtection?Bestchoiceforlow-coststorageEnablesextendedclusteringsolutionsNohardwaremirroringWhatTypeofStripingWorksBest?

A.ASMonlystriping(noRAID0)

B.RAID0andASMstriping

C.UseLVM

D.NostripingAnswer:AandBASMandRAIDstripingarecomplementary.ASMStripingOnlyPros:DrivesevenlydistributedforData&FRAHigherbandwidthAllowssmallincrementalgrowth(73GB)NodrivecontentionDataDGFRADG1TB2TB1673GB

LUNs3273GB

LUNsRAID1OracleDBsize:1TBStorageconfiguration:

8arrayswith

1273GBdisksperarrayCons:Notwellbalancedacross

ALLdisksLUNsizelimitedtodisksizeHardwareRAID–StripedLUNsPros:FastestregionforDataDGBalanceddatadistributionFewerLUNstomanagewhilemaxspindlesDataDGFRADG1TB2TB4250GB

LUNs4500GB

LUNsRAID0+1OracleDBsize:1TBStorageconfiguration:

8arrayswith

1273GBdisksperarrayCons:LargeincrementalgrowthData&FRA“contention”HardwareRAID–StripedLUNsHAPros:FastestregionforDataDGBalanceddatadistributionFewerLUNstomanageMorehighavailableDataDGFRADG1TB1.6TB2500GB

LUNs2800GB

LUNsRAID0+1OracleDBsize:1TBStorageconfiguration:

8arrayswith

1273GBdisksperarrayCons:LargeincrementalgrowthMightwastespaceItIsRealSimpleUseexternalRAIDprotectionwhenpossible.CreateLUNsbyusing:OutsidehalfofdiskdrivesforhighestperformanceSmalldisk,highrpm(thatis,73GB/15krpm)UseLUNswiththesameperformancecharacteristics.UseLUNswiththesamecapacity.Maximizethenumberofspindlesinyourdiskgroup.OracleDatabase10gandASMdotherest!ExtendedRAC:OverviewFullutilizationofresources,nomatterwheretheyarelocatedFastrecoveryfromsitefailureSiteARAC

databaseSiteBClientsSiteARAC

databaseSiteBExtendedRACConnectivityDistancesovertenkilometersrequiredarkfiber.Setupbuffercreditsforlargedistances.DB

copySiteBDWDM

deviceDB

copySiteADWDM

deviceClientsDarkfiberPublicnetworkExtendedRACDiskMirroringNeedcopyofdataateachlocationTwooptio