2015年6月英语四六级阅读理解答案

SectionCPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity（长寿）translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人）areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy（预期生命）‘combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.WhatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountriesYoungerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.Peoplewithnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork【答案】BWhathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoorLongerlifeexpectancies.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】BWhatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcenturyEconomicgrowthwillslowdown.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】AWhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountriesUnskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】CWhatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcenturyComputerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.Morewillbetheeducatedyoung.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.【答案】DPassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans大豆）.Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous（人口多的）countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert（回返）toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.WhatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentiontoFoodriotsandhungerintheworld.Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.【答案】BWhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticularTheirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.【答案】AWhatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementeffortsTheyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.【答案】DWhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecadesThegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.【答案】DHowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationItisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.Itisbackedbystrongevidence.Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.【答案】B四级第一套SectionCPassageOneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen（防晒霜）keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas（黑瘤）anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon（抹上）sunscreenandslaponahat.【题干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreenItwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.【答案】B【题干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreenItisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.【答案】C【题干】Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621peopleSunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.【答案】D【题干】WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudyItmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotectionIthelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreenItisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.【答案】D【题干】WhatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomaratesUsingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.【答案】APassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity（长寿）translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人）areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy（预期寿命），combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.【题干】WhatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountriesYoungerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.【答案】B【题干】Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoorLongerlifeexpectancies.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】C【题干】Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcenturyEconomicgrowthwillslowdown.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】A【题干】WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountriesUnskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】C【题干】Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcenturyComputerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.【答案】D四级卷三仮咏;:警T呎「呵呛如出阴昭询讪womcnIn曲Mamfulure?；：、畤W:"兄比用komthe[n;ndofmt>r^伯thg^my边单hQJDftj[I©讥川Uiidhigb^uymgpr