2022年有机化学专业英语词汇(精)

..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版有机化学专业英语词汇(精)acetal

醛缩醇

acetal-

乙酰

acid

酸

-al

醛

alcohol醇

-aldehyde醛

alkali-碱

allyl烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]

alkoxy-烷氧基

-amide酰胺

amino-氨基的

-amidine脒

-amine胺

-ane烷

anhydride酐

anilino-苯胺基

aquo-含水的

-ase酶

-ate含氧酸的盐、酯

-atriyne三炔

azo-偶氮

benzene苯

bi-在盐类前表示酸式盐

bis-双

-borane硼烷

bromo-溴

butyl丁基

-carbinol甲醇

carbonyl羰基

-carboxylicacid羧酸

centi-10-2

chloro-氯代

cis-顺式

condensed缩合的、冷凝的

cyclo-环

deca-十

deci10-1

-dine啶

dodeca-十二..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版

-ene烯

epi-表

epoxy-环氧

-ester酯

-ether醚

ethoxy-乙氧基

ethyl乙基

fluoro-氟代

form仿

-glycol二醇

hemi-半

hendeca-十一

hepta-七

heptadeca-十七

hexa-六

hexadeca-十六

-hydrin醇

hydro-氢或水

hydroxyl羟基

hypo-低级的，次

hyper-高级的，高

-ic酸的，高价金属

-ide无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐

-il偶酰

-imine亚胺

iodine碘

iodo-碘代

iso-异，等，同

-ite亚酸盐

keto-酮

ketone酮

-lactone内酯

mega-106

meta-间，偏

methoxy-甲氧基

methyl甲基

micro-10..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版-6

milli-10-3

mono-(mon-)一，单

nano-10-9

nitro-硝基

nitroso-亚硝基

nona-九

nonadeca-十九

octa-八

octadeca-十八

-oic酸的

-ol醇

-one酮

ortho-邻，正，原

-ous亚酸的，低价金属

oxa-氧杂

-oxide氧化合物

-oxime肟

oxo-酮

oxy-氧化

-oyl酰

para-对位，仲

penta-五

pentadeca-十五

per-高，过

petro-石油

phenol苯酚

phenyl苯基

pico-10-12

poly-聚，多

quadri-四

quinque-五

semi-半

septi-七

sesqui一个半

sulfa-磺胺

sym-对称

syn-顺式，同，共..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版

ter-三

tetra-四

tetradeca-十四

tetrakis-四个

thio-硫代

trans-反式，超，跨

thio-硫代

tri-三

trideca-十三

tris-三个

undeca-十一

uni-单，一

unsym-不对称的，偏位

-yl基

-ylene撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)

-yne炔organiccompounds有机化合物compoundsofcarbon碳化合物hydrocarbonsandtheirderivatives碳氢化合物及其衍生物organicchemistry有机化学structureofmolecule分子结构chemical

bond化学键covalentbond共价键hybridorbital杂化轨道bondlength键长bondangle键角bondenergy键能polarity极性dissociationenergy离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版constitutionalisomer构造异构structuralformula结构式octet八隅体perspective透视式eclipsedconformation重叠式构象staggeredconformation交叉式构象newmanprojection纽曼投影式functionalgroup官能团chaincompoud链状化合物carbocycliccompound碳环化合物heterocycliccompound杂环化合物dipole-dipoleinteractions偶极-偶极相互作用vanderWaalsforces范德华力hydrogenbonding氢键dipolemoment偶极矩electronegativity电负性physicalproperty物理性质meltingpoint熔点boilingpoint沸点reactionmechanism反响机理homolysis均裂freeredical自由基heterolysis异裂ionictype离子型electrophilicreagent亲电试剂electrophilicreaction亲电反响nucleophilicreagent亲核试剂nucleophilicreaction亲核反响英文名汉文名Angularmethylgroup角甲基Alkylidenegroup亚烷基Allylgroup烯丙基Allylic烯丙型[的]Phenylgroup苯基Arylgroup芳基Benzylgroup苄基Benzylic苄型[的]Activatinggroup活化基团Chromophore生色团Auxochrome助色团Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁各向异性基团Smallyring小环..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Commonring普通环Mediumrimg中环Largering大环Bridged-ringsystem桥环体系Spirocompound螺环化合物Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子Octahedralcompound八面体化合物Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Acylcation酰[基]正离子Benzyliccation苄[基]正离子Arenirmion芳[基]正离子Ketylradical羰自由基Radicalion自由基离子Radicalcation自由基正离子Radicalanion自由基负离子Isomerism异构[现象]Aciform酸式Fluxionalstructure循变结构Stereochemistry立体化学Opticalactivity光学活性Dextroisomer右旋异构体Laevoisomer左旋异构体Tetrahedralconfiguration四面体构型Stereoisomerism立体异构[现象]Asymmetricatom不对称原子Asymmetriccarbon不对称碳Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不对称碳Phantomatom虚拟原子Homotopic等位[的]Heterotopic异位[的]Enantiotopic对映异位[的]Diastereotopic非对映异位[的]Configuration构型Absoluteconfiguration绝对构型Chirality手性Chiral手性[的]Chiralcenter手性中心Chiralmolecule手性分子Achiral非手性[的]Fischerprojection费歇尔投影式Neomanprojection纽曼投影式D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命名体系..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence顺序规那么Symmetryfactor对称因素Planeofsymmetry对称面Mirrorsymmetry镜面对称Enantiomer对映[异构]体Diastereomer非对映[异构]体Epimer差向异构体Anomer端基[差向]异构体Erythroconfiguration赤型构型Erythroisomer赤型异构体Threoconfiguration苏型构型Threoisomer苏型异构体Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Cis-transisomerism顺反异构EisomerE异构体ZisomerZ异构体Endoisomer内型异构体Exoisomer外型异构体Prochirality前手性Pro-Rgroup前R基团Pro-Sproup前S基团RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固体溶液Mesocompound内消旋化合物Quasirecemate准外消旋体Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Torsionangle扭转角Rotamer旋转异构体Anticonformation反式构象Bisectingconformation等分构象Antiperiplanarconformation反叠构象Synperiplanarconformation顺叠构象Synclinalconformation反错构象Synclinalconformation顺错构象Eclipsedconformation重叠构象Gaucheconformation,skewcon-formation邻位交叉构象Staggeredconformation对位交叉构象..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Stericeffect空间效应Sterichindrance位阻Atropismer阻转异构体Puckeredring折叠环Conformationalinversion构象反转Chairconformation椅型构象Boatconformation船型构象Twistconformation扭型构象Skewboatconformation扭船型构象Half-chairconformation半椅型构象Pseudorotation假旋转Envelopeconformation信封[型]构象Axialbond直[立]键Equatorialbond平[伏]键Cisoidconformation顺向构象Transoidconformation反向构象Retentionofconfiguration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Conformer构象异构体Conformationaleffect构象效应Cram’srube克拉姆规那么Prelog’rule普雷洛格规那么Stereochemicalorientation立体[化学]取向Conformationaltransmission构象传递Homolog同系物Ipsoposition本位Orthoposition邻位Metaposition间位Paraposition对位Amphiposition远位Periposition近位Trigonalhybridization三角杂化Molecularorbiralmethod分子轨道法Valencebondmethod价键法Delocalezedbond离域键Crossconjugation交叉共轭Vinylog插烯物Mesomericeffect中介效应Resonance共振Resonanceeffect共振效应..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Hyperconjugation超共轭Isovalenthyperconjugation等价超共轭No-bondresonance无键共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规那么Paramagneticringcurrent顺磁环电流Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternanthydrocarbon交替烃Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclicreaction周环反响Electrocyclicrearrangement电环[化]重排Conrotatory顺旋Disroatatory对旋Cycloaddition环加成Symmetryforbidden-reaction对称禁阻反响Synfacialreaction同面反响Antarafacialreaction异面反响Mobiussystem默比乌斯体系Leoisstructure路易斯结构Coordinate-covalentbond配位共价键Bananabond香蕉键Paulingelectronegativityscale鲍林电负性标度Polarizability可极化性Inductiveeffect诱导效应Fieldeffect场效应Electricaleffect电场效应tautomerism互变异构Tautomerization互变异构化Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamineatutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chaintautomerism环-链互变异构Valencetautomerism价互变异构Ambident两可[的]Solventeffect溶剂效应..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性溶剂Basicsolvent碱性溶剂Dielectricconstant介电常数Solvatedelectron溶剂化电子Acid-basecatalyzedreaction酸碱催化反响Conjugatebase共轭酸Conjugatebase共轭碱Thermodynamicacidity热力学酸度Kineticacidity动力学酸度Electrondonof-acceptorcomplex,EDAcomplex电子给[体]受体络合物Host主体Guest客体Primaryisotopeeffect一级同位素效应Secondaryisotopeeffect二级同位数效应Inverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效应Kineticcontrol动力学控制Thermodynamiccontrol热力学控制Substrate底物Intermediate中间体Reactiveintermediate活泼中间体Microscopicreversibility微观可逆性Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假说Linearfreeenergy线性自由能Non-bondedinteraction非键相互作用Torsionaleffect扭转效应Pitzerstrain皮策张力Restrictedrotation阻碍旋转Eclipsingeffect重叠效应Eclipsingstrain重叠张力Small-anglestrain小角张力Largeanglestrain大角张力Transannularinteraction跨环相互作用Transannularstrain跨环张力Istrain内张力Fstrain前张力Bstrain后张力Anomericeffect端基异构效应Waldeninversion瓦尔登反转Racemization外消旋化Isoinversion等反转..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Isoracemization等消旋Homochiral纯手性[的]Mechanism机理Unimolecularnucleophilic单分子亲核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsubsti-tution(withallylicrearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代〔含烯丙型重排〕Internalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子内亲核取代Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芳香亲核取代Unimolecularelectrophilicsub-stitution单分子亲电取代Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larelectrophilicsubstitution亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecularelimination单分子消除Bimolecularelimination双分子消除Unimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase单分子共轭碱消除Bimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase双分子共轭碱消除Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencleavage单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecularbase-catalyzedal-kyl-oxygencleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allylcomplexmechanismπ烯丙型络合机理Borderlinemechanism边理机理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolyticmichanism异裂机理..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Counrer[gegen]ion反荷离子Ionpair离子对Carbocation碳正离子Nonclassicalcarbocation非经典碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Nitrene氮宾Carbine碳炔Electrophilicaddition亲电加成Electrophile亲电体Diaxialaddition双直键加成Markovnikov’srube马尔科夫尼科规那么Anti-Markovnikovaddition反马氏加成Michaeladdition迈克尔加成Substitution取代Electrophilicsubstitution亲电取代Addition-eliminationmechanism加成消除机理Electrophilicaromaticsubstitu-tion亲电芳香取代Electrontransfer电子转移Electron-donatinggroup给电子基团Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸电子基团Deactivatinggroup钝化基团Orinentation取向Ortho-paradirectinggroup邻对位定位基Metadirectinggroup间位定位基Orthoeffect邻位效应Partialratefactor分速度系数Nucleophilicreaction亲核反响Internalreturn内返Nucleophilicity亲核体Nucleophilicity亲核性α-effectα-效应Backsideattack反面进攻Inversion反转Umbrellaeffect伞效应Push-pulleffect推拉效应..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Leavinggroup离去基团Electrofuge离电体Nucleofuge离核体Phase-transfercatalysis相转移催化Neighboringgroupparticipation邻基基参与Neighboringproupassistance,anchimericassistance邻助作用Neighboringgroupeffect邻基效应Apofacialreaction反面反响Briddgeheaddisplacement桥头取代Arylaction芳正离子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsevrule札依采夫规那么Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采夫定向Hofmann’srule霍夫曼规那么Bredtrule布雷特规那么Initiation引发Anioniccleavage负离子裂解Partialbondfixation键[的]局部固定化02．3有机化学反响Alkylation烷基化C-alkylationC-烷基化O-alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷[基]化Exhaustivemethylation彻底甲基化Secoalkylation断裂烷基化Demethylation脱甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲酰化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination双氨基化Cinesubstitution移位取代Transamination氨基交换Hydroxylation羟基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylativenitration脱羧卤化..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Allylichalogenation烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Nitration硝化Decarboxylativenitration脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazotransfer重氮基转移Couplingreaction偶联反响Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶联Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶联反响1,4-addition1，4-加成Conjugateaddition共轭加成Dimerization二聚Trimefization三聚Additivedimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氢化Oxyamination羟氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Oxoprocess羰基合成Decarbonylation脱羰Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Ringclsure环合Dienesynthesis双烯合成Dienophile亲双烯体Endoaddition内型加成Exoaddition外型加成Diels-Alderreaction第尔斯-尔德反响RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第尔斯-阿尔德反响..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Enesynthesis单烯合成Anioniccycloaddition负离子环加成Dipolaraddition偶极加成-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation脱卤化氢Deamination脱氨基Pyrolyticelimination热解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decarboxylation脱羧Decarboxamidation脱酰胺Decyanation脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acylcleavage酰基裂解Flashpyrolysis闪热裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropicreaction螯键反响Chelation螯环化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交换Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Transacetalation缩醛交换Enolization烯醇化Haloformreaction卤仿反响Condensation缩合Aldolcondensation羟醛缩合Crossaldolcondensation交叉羟醛缩合Retrogradealdolcondensation逆羟醛缩合Acyloincondensation偶姻缩合Cyclization环化Annulation,annelation增环反响Spiroannulation螺增环Autoxidation自氧化..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Allylichydroperoxylation烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation环氧化Oxonolysis臭氧解Electrochemicaloxidation电化学氧化Oxidativedecarboxylation氧化脱羧Aromatization芳构化Catalytichydrogenation催化氢化Heterogeneoushydrogenation多相氢化Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氢化Catalyticdehydrogenation催化脱氢Transferhydrogenation转移氢化Hydrogenolysis氢解Dissolvingmetalreduction溶解金属复原Singleelectrontransfer单电子转移Bimolecularreduction双分子复原Electrochemicalreduction电化学复原Reductivealkylation复原烷基化Reductiveacylation复原酰化Reductivedimerization复原二聚Deoxygenation脱氧Desulfurization脱硫Deselenization脱硒Mitallation金属化Lithiation锂化Hydrometallation氢金属化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羟汞化Aminomercuration氨汞化Abstraction夺取[反响]Internalabstraction内夺取[反响]Rearrangement重排Prototropicrearrangement质了转移重排Doublebondmigration双键移位Allylicmigration烯丙型重排Allylicmigration烯丙型迁移Ringcontraction环缩小[反响]Ringexpansion,ringenlargement扩环[反响]-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Pinacolrearrangement频哪醇重排..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Retropinacolrearrangement逆频哪醇重排Semipinacolrearrangement半频哪醇重排Benzilicrearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Acylrearrangement酰基重排Migratoryaptitude迁移倾向Transannularinsertion跨环插入Transannularrearrangement跨环重排Migration迁移Prototropy质子转移Cationotropicrearrangement正离子转移重排Anionotropy负离子转移Anionotropicrearrangement负离子转移重排Sigmatropicrearrangement-迁移重排Homosigmatropicrearrangement同迁移重排Electrophilicrearrangement亲电重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbiddentransition禁阻跃迁photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光异构化Photochemicalrearrangement光化学重排2．4有机化合物类名Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳氢化合物Alkane烷Wax蜡Paraffinwax石蜡Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Activehydrogencompounds活泼氢化合物Carbonacid碳氢酸Superacid超酸Diene双烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累积多烯Enyne烯炔..可编辑版可编辑版.可编辑版Diyne二炔Alkylhalide卤代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylicalcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚Epoxide环氧化物Cellosolve溶纤剂Crownether冠醚Netrocompound硝基化合物Amine胺Quaternaryammoniumcom-pound季铵化合物Amine