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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-岳阳职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thecommissionwouldfinditself()ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.

问题1选项

A.collided

B.displeased

C.crumbled

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】collided碰撞,冲突;displeased生气的;crumbled破碎的;hampered受阻的。句意:如果委员们不能达成协议,委员会就会处处受阻。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

问题1选项

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economics“n.经济学;国家的经济状况”;B选项economic“adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的”;C选项economy“n.经济;节约;理财”;D选项economical“经济的;节约的;合算的”。economic用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义,一般用作定语;economical则指与“节约”同义的“经济”,相当于notwasteful,既可指人也可指物,既可作表语也可作定语。句意:汤姆认为这里的经济状况不如家乡。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Without________theirdifferences,thecouplefoughtaboutthehouseworkagain.

问题1选项

A.rulingout

B.figuringout

C.ironingout

D.lettingout

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.rulingout不考虑,排除B.figuringout想出,弄明白

C.ironingout解决,消除D.lettingout放出,发出

【考查点】动词词组辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“theirdifferences(他们之间的分歧)”构成动宾逻辑,without在句中作伴随状语,表示他们之间的分歧没有怎么样。由后半句句意“又(again)为家务问题争吵起来(foughtabout)”可知,这对夫妇在为家务争吵之前本来就存在着分歧,而且原本的分歧并没有解决。ironout指解决问题或困难,因此C选项ironingout“解决,消除”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项rulingout“不考虑,排除”指在仔细考虑或研究后不再考虑某事物的可能性,不符合题干的语义逻辑;

B选项figuringout“想出,弄明白”指通过思考理解某事物或找到解决办法,不符合题干的语义逻辑;

D选项lettingout“放出,发出”指发出声音等,不能和“differences(分歧)”进行搭配。

【句意】这对夫妇没有消除他们之间的分歧,又为家务问题争吵起来。

4.单选题

Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe(

)Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.

问题1选项

A.Parental

B.Maternal

C.Fraternal

D.Paternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Parental“父母的”;B选项Maternal“母亲的”;C选项Fraternal“兄弟的”;D选项Paternal“父亲的”句意:随着护理工作变得越来越复杂,这种感觉也变得温和了一些。我们进入了所谓的“……期”,医生就像一位父亲,知道什么对他的病人是最好的。根据后面句意可知D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate-asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto(

).

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT(

).

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.PeopleofFilipinoorigin

C.TheKaLahuigroup

D.Peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

C.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

D.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

B.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

问题4选项

A.TheKaLahuigroup

B.TheHawaiiannatives

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs

D.AmericanIndiannatives

问题5选项

A.greaterautonomywithinthestate

B.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

C.morebackrentonthecrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.夏威夷本土少数民族要求更多处理本地事物的自主权。”和第二段“ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.1898年美国吞并夏威夷岛后,夏威夷岛的原住民情况比其他种族的情况变得更糟糕。”故由此推断这里的本土少数民族是指夏威夷岛原住民,正确答案选A。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上,失业率更高,他们的寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年。他们是唯一没有一定程度自治权的美国主要土著群体。”选项A、B和C描述均过于绝对,故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.但是,夏威夷第一任本土出生的州长约翰怀希,设立主权咨询委员会,极大地促进了夏威夷原住民的发展事业,以此建议夏威夷原住民自己决定是否建立一个主权独立的夏威夷国家。”由此可知选项B文章中没有提到,故正确答案选B。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.这一工作得到夏威夷事务办公室的支持,此机构1978年成立是为原住民服务,现在成了本土主权运动的温和派”,由此可知夏威夷事务办公室在自主权问题上态度温和而不激进。正确答案选C。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段末“MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.”1987年夏威夷原住民中的一个比较激进的种族宣布脱离美国管辖,成立独立王国。故正确答案应该为C。

6.单选题

Afuturedoctorshouldhaveagenuinedesiretohelppeople.Heorshemustdevelopgoodstudyhabitstocompletetheyearsofarduousschoolingahead.

问题1选项

A.strict

B.unusual

C.enduring

D.laborious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。arduous表示“努力的,费力的,险峻的”;A项strict“严格的,绝对的,精确的”,B项unusual“不寻常的,与众不同的”,C项enduring“持久的,能忍受的”,D项laborious“艰苦的,费劲的,勤劳的”。句意:一个未来的医生应该有帮助别人的真诚愿望;他或她必须养成良好的学习习惯,以完成今后几年的艰苦学习。因此,根据句意可知D选项正确。

7.单选题

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.(1)ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones(2)onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.(3)yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou(4)can'tfindnorth,afewtrickshelpyounavigate(5)tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell(6)atrail,butnotinacompletely(7)area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which(8)isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.(9),ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould(10)seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou'veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsightsyoumaybe(11)howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another(12):Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.(13),evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto(14)gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve(15)thewoods.Headtowardthese(16)tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor(17)lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

(18),assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe(19)weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan(20)youtocivilization.

问题1选项

A.Some

B.Most

C.Few

D.All

问题2选项

A.put

B.take

C.run

D.come

问题3选项

A.Since

B.If

C.Though

D.Until

问题4选项

A.formally

B.relatively

C.gradually

D.literally

问题5选项

A.back

B.next

C.around

D.away

问题6选项

A.onto

B.off

C.across

D.alone

问题7选项

A.unattractive

B.uncrowded

C.unchanged

D.unfamiliar

问题8选项

A.site

B.point

C.way

D.place

问题9选项

A.So

B.Yet

C.Instead

D.Besides

问题10选项

A.immediately

B.intentionally

C.unexpectedly

D.eventually

问题11选项

A.surprised

B.annoyed

C.frightened

D.confused

问题12选项

A.problem

B.option

C.view

D.result

问题13选项

A.Aboveall

B.Incontrast

C.Onaverage

D.Forexample

问题14选项

A.bridge

B.avoid

C.spot

D.separate

问题15选项

A.from

B.through

C.beyond

D.under

问题16选项

A.posts

B.links

C.shades

D.breaks

问题17选项

A.artificial

B.mysterious

C.hidden

D.limited

问题18选项

A.Finally

B.Consequently

C.Incidentally

D.Generally

问题19选项

A.memories

B.marks

C.notes

D.belongings

问题20选项

A.restrict

B.adopt

C.lead

D.expose

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】1.“生活在一个GPS系统,数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。空格之后的语句与前面语义方向一致,再考虑到句中的withoutaphone,可知,此处需要双重否定表达肯定,所以,选择few,符合文意。

2.固定搭配,此题考查与介词on的搭配情况。runonbattery表示手机使用电池得以运行;其他选项的搭配为:puton(增加;假装;使上场),takeon(承担;呈现;具有;流行),comeon(快点;开始;要求;上演),语义搭配不通顺,故选择runon搭配。

3.逻辑关系,此处考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句为“……你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路……找不到北方,我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航……文明”;前后句之间构成假设的逻辑关系,所以选择if;其余选项:since(因为,自从),though(虽然),until(直到),代入后不符合语义表达。

4.词义辨析题。空格处所在句为“假如你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路……找不到北方,我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航……文明”,literally表示确实地,真正地,符合语义表达;其余选项:formally(正式地),relatively(相对地),gradually(逐渐地),不符合语义表达。

5.词义辨析题。出题处的语义表达“我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航……文明”,只有back与前文的lost(迷路)形成相互呼应,故而选择back。

6.词义辨析题。空格所在句提到“当你发现自己……路径,但不是完全……的区域。你需要回答两个问题:在这个特殊区域中,哪个……是下坡路?哪里有最近的水源?”因此,根据句意表达,off(远离,离开)符合句意;其他选项:onto(在……之上;对……了解),across(穿过),alone(独白地,单独地),故选择off。

7.词义辨析题。根据出题处的语义表达,“当你发现自己……路径,但不是完全……的区域”,语义搭配,unfamiliar更符合要求;其他选项:unattractive(不吸引人的),uncrowded(不拥挤的,宽敞的),C选项unchanged(未改变的,无变化的),不符合语义表达。

8.词义辨析题。根据出题处的语境表述“你需要回答两个问题:在这个特殊区域中,哪个……是下坡路?哪里有最近的水源?”因此只有way符合要求;其他选项:site(地点;位置;场所),point(要点;得分;标点),place(地方;住所;座位),不符合句意表达。

9.逻辑关系题。出题句指出“生活在山谷里的人,基本上需要淡水为生……如果你下山,沿着水走,你会发现人类的踪迹……”此处很明显,考查因果逻辑关系,故选择so,其他选项:yet(但是,然而),instead(反而,替代),besides(此外,而且),不符合句义要求。

10.词义辨析题。出题句提及“……如果你下山,沿着水走,你会发现人类的踪迹……”,只有eventually(最后,终于)符合题目要求,语义通顺;其他选项:immediately(立即,立刻);intentionally(故意地,有意地);unexpectedly(出乎意料地),不符合语义表达,故排除。

11.词义辨析题。出题句提及“如果你之前去过这个地方,一定要注意熟悉景象,你或许会……快速识别出一块特征明显的石头或者树木来唤起你的记忆”,只有surprised符合此处题目要求,其他选项带有明显的贬义色彩,故不符合。

12.词义辨析题。本文第一段中提到“如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路了,而且你真的找不到北方,我们会有一些技巧帮助你回到文明社会”,此处考查的地方就是前文提及的“另一个……:登到高处寻找有人类居住的标志”,只有option(选择)符合句义及情感色彩要求。

13.逻辑关系题。出题句前后构成抽象到具体的例证关系(前文提到“另一个选择就是登高寻找有人类居住的标志”,与后文的lookforsigns形成抽象到具体的过程),故选择Forexample。

14.词义辨析题。此题需借助前面的语义内容及逻辑关系辅助做题,此处需填入的动词和lookfor语义相近,故选择spot(发现),符合语义表达;其他选项:bridge(架桥,渡过),avoid(避开,消除),separate(分开),不符合语义要求。

15.词义辨析题。分析:本题为语义题及固定搭配题,考查carve与woods之间的关系,根据常识可知,路应该是穿过森林开凿出来的,故本句意为穿过森林开凿出的公路,故B选项through为正确答案。

16.语义辨析题。本题为语义题,根据上一句信息,因为人为原因而造成的gapsinthetreeline,不难判断,朝着有树木缺口的地方走,就能找到出去的路,故D选项breaks为正确答案。

17.词义辨析题及逻辑关系题。因题干中suchas表示举例关系,故我们首先根据例子信息判断文中“firesandstreetlights火与街灯”的共同特征是人造光源,故本题A选项artificial为正确答案。

18.语义题。文章后面指出“假设你在人类常去的地方迷路,寻找我们在地面上留下的……”,因前文已经举例说明了几种情况,如当你在一个并非完全不熟悉的环境中迷路,可知此处应是最后一种假设情况,故本题A选项finally为正确答案。

19.词义辨析题。根据常识,在人类常去的地方,地面上必定有很多标志,故寻找我们在地面上留下的标志,在此处更符合文意,故本题B选项marks为正确答案。

20.词义辨析题。道路上的树皮刻痕、轮胎印和其他特征能够指引你去有人烟的地方,此外,本题处的单词应该与前文中的navigate同义,故本题C选项lead为正确答案。

8.单选题

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen(

)byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

问题1选项

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.diverted

D.redeemed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项的supplement“增补,补充”;B选项的undermine“渐渐破坏,授掘地基”;C选项的divert“使转向,使绕道,转移(某人)的注意力,使分心”;D选项的redeem“履行,补偿,赎回”。根据句意‘不幸的是,他对这个经济政策后果的致命攻击被破坏了,因为他完全接受了这个政策暗含的假设’确定B选项正确。

9.单选题

Wecan(

)aconclusionfromthesefactswehavecollected.

问题1选项

A.generalize

B.nominate

C.label

D.integrate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。generalize意为“概括,归纳”;nominate意为“提名,任命”;label意为“贴标签于”;integrate意为“(使)合并,成为一体”。

句意:我们可以从收集到的这些事实中归纳出一个结论。

10.单选题

We()afigureofamanclingingtothemastoftheship.

问题1选项

A.discerned

B.dispatched

C.dissipated

D.diminished

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:我们()那个倚靠在船桅杆的人。discerned认出,识别;dispatched派遣,分派;dissipated驱散,放荡;diminished减少,缩小。因此,A项符合句意。

11.单选题

Nowhereelsealongthecoast______suchshallowwatersofarfromland.

问题1选项

A.isthere

B.isit

C.thereis

D.itis

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.isthere有B.isit它是

C.thereis有D.itis它是

【考查点】倒装。

【解题思路】Nowhere是含有否定的词语,把含有否定的词语放在句首,句子需要部分倒装,而根据alongthecoast(沿海),可知用therebe句型符合句意。因此,该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

C、D选项没有倒装;

B选项并不符合句意。

【句意】沿海没有其他地方有如此远离陆地的浅滩。

12.翻译题

在20世纪50年代早期到60年代中期,营养学历史的第三个时期种,维生素疗法开始变得声名狼藉。随之而来的是在医科学校中营养学教育也变得不那么热门了。就在这种情况发生的十年前,许多医药公司发现他们的维生素销量猛增,并迅速把大量维生素样品和宣传材料提供给开业医师,这些材料大肆喧扬补充各种与健康相关状况的维生素的好处。对维生素在疾病控制方面成功的期望被夸大了。正如在回顾这种状况时大家都知道的,维生素和矿物疗法在用于治疗严重的健康状况时比治疗长期因营养不良而导致的慢性健康问题时效果要小的多。

【答案】Fromtheearly1950stothemiddle1960s,namely,inthethirdhistoricperiodofnutrition,vitamintherapiesbegantobecomenotorious.Consequently,thenutritioncourseinmedicalschoolsbecamelesspopular.Justbeforeadecadeago,manypharmaceuticalcompaniesfoundthesalesofvitaminsoaring.Sotheyquicklyprovidedplentyofvitaminsamplesandpromotionalmaterials,whichwouldpublicizethebenefitoftakingvitamins,formedicalpractitioners.Asaresult,itexaggeratedthefunctionofvitaminstosuccessfullycontroldisease.Itiswell-knownthatcurativeeffectofvitaminandmineraltherapyforthetreatmentofseriousdiseaseismuchlessthanthatofthetreatmentofchronicdisease,suchasmalnutrition.

13.单选题

1.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountry(

)infoodandtocutenergyimports.

问题1选项

A.self-confident

B.self-sufficient

C.self-satisfied

D.self-restrained

【答案】B

【解析】题干中cutenergyimports“减少能源进口”可推断出前文是在粮食上自给自足,选项B符合题意。self-sufficient“自给自足的”;self-confident“自信的”;self-satisfied“自满的”;self-restrained“自我克制的”。

14.单选题

WhileinLondon,wepaidavisittothehospitalfounded

thenurseFlorenceNightingale.

问题1选项

A.infavorof

B.inhonorof

C.inlinewith

D.inplaceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。infavorof“支持,赞同”;inhonorof“为纪念”;inlinewith“符合,与……一致”;inplaceof“替代”。句意:在伦敦,我们参观了为纪念护士南丁格尔而创立的医院。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Theeducationgap

Educationisthepassporttomodemlife,andapre-conditionofnationalprosperity.Butmorethanaquarteroftheworld'sadults—900millionreadorwrite,andmorethan100millionyoungchildrenaredeprivedofevenaprimaryschooleducation.Inmostdevelopingcountries,afterdecadesofeducationalexpansion,spendingonlearningisfalling.Theilliteratearevirtuallyhelplessinaworldruledbythewrittenword,wherenoticesandofficialpaperscanseemamassofmeaninglesshieroglyphics.Peoplewhocannotdecipherthemareatthemercyofthosewhocan;many,asaresult,havebeencheatedoftheirrightsortheirland.

Studiesshowthatpeoplewithevenabasiceducationarehealthierandeatbetter.Theyaremorelikelytoplantheirfamiliesand-theirchildrenaremorelikelytosurvive.AccordingtotheWorldBank,justfouryearsofprimaryeducationenablesfarmerstoincreaseproductivitybytenpercent,oftenthedifferencebetweenhungerandsufficiency.Nationaleconomicreturnsfromeducationoutstripthosefrommostotherformsofinvestment.

Enrolment:riseandfall

Astheybecameindependent,mostdevelopingcountriesenthusiasticallyembracededucation.Twodecadesofastonishingexpansionfollowed.Between1960and1981,theworld'sthirty-twopoorestcountries(excludingIndiaandChina,whichhavelonghadgoodrecords)increasedtheproportionoftheirchildrenenrolledinprimaryschoolfromthirty-eighttoseventy-twopercent.Thethirty-eightnextpoorestachievedalmostuniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentby1980,upfromabouttwo-thirdsin1960.Itseemedasifitwouldnotbelongbeforeeverychildalivecouldbesureofgoingtoschool.

Bytheendofthe1980sthatdreamhadturnedtobitterdisillusion.Thedecadebroughteconomicdisastertodevelopingcountries.Theyslumpedwhenrichnationswentintorecessionatthebeginningofthe1980s,thesubsequentrecoverypassedthembyandtheywerehitagainbytherenewedrecessioninthelate1980sandearly1990s.Theeducationalexpansionofthelate1960sand1970sfirsthaltedthenwentintoreverse.By1989,enrollmentrateshaddroppedinoneouteveryfivedevelopingcountries.InsomeAfricancountries,thenumberofchildreninprimaryschoolsdeclinedbyathirdbetween1980and1985.Tanzania'suniversalprimaryschoolenrollmentfelldramaticallyduringthisperiod.Unesco’sDirector-General,FedericoMayor,warnsthatthisthreatenstosetbackthecountriesoftheSouthbyawholegenerationorevenmore.

Decliningexpenditure

Theproportionofnationalexpendituregoingtoeducationdeclinedinmorethanhalfofdevelopingcountriesoverthe1980s.Intheworld'sthirty-sevenpoorestcountries,theaverageexpenditureperheadoneducationdroppedbyaquarter.InAfricaasawhole,saystheWorldBank,only$0.60ayearisspentoneducationalmaterialsforeachstudent,whilstitestimatesminimumrequirementsat$5.00.

Illiteracyandthepoor

Inindustrializedcountries,absoluteilliteracywaslargelyeradicatedhalfacenturyago;theytwopercentoftheworld'silliterate.Functionalilliteracy,however,remains:inCanada,theliteracyofaquarterofalladultsisseriouslyinadequate;intheUnitedStates,estimatesrangefromfivetotwenty-fivepercent;inFrance,thetotalnumbersrangefromtwotoeightmillionpeople,dependingonthestudy.Mostareamongthepoorestmembersoftheirsocieties.

Generallyspeaking,thepooreracountry,thehigherthenumberofilliterate;two-thirdsofadultsintheverypoorestcountriescannotreadorwrite.Furthermore,thepoorestindividualssuffermost.Thepoorerachild'sfamily,thelesslikelyhe(or,particularly,she)istostartschoolandthemorelikelyitisthatthosewhodostartwilldropout.

Thedisadvantagedcountryside

MorepeopleintheThirdWorldliveinthecountryside,whereschoolsandteachersarealwaysscarcer.Buteveninthecities,thepoormissout.InCalcutta,oversixtypercentofchildrendonotattendschoolbecausetheyhavetoworktohelpkeepthefamilygoing,orlookafteryoungersiblingstoenabletheirmotherstowork.Two-thirdsoftheworld'silliteratearewomen.Yetwomen'seducationisparticularlyimportant.TheWorldBankidentifiesitasperhapsthesinglemostimportantdeterminantoffamilyhealthandnutrition,anditsresearchshowsthatinfantmortalityratesfallsteadily,anddramatically,foreveryyearwomenspendatschool.Buttradition,prejudicesandtheburdenofworktobedoneathomeensurethatdaughtersarepulledoutofschoolfirst.InthefirstgradeofKampala'sprimaryschoolsthesexesareevenlybalanced;bytheseventhgrade,therearemorethantwiceasmanyboysasgirls.

Primaryeducation:theproductivedollar

Everydollarinvestedinprimaryschooleducation,accordingtoanotherWorldBankstudy,isfiftypercentmoreproductivethanoneinvestedinsecondaryschooling,andgivestwiceasmuchspentonuniversities-Yet,throughouttheThirdWorld,thesespendingprioritiesarereversed.

Afewcountrieshavestartedtochangetheirpriorities,emphasizingprimaryeducation.Zimbabwedoubleditsnumberofprimaryschoolsinitsfirstfiveyearsofindependence;theproportionofitsbudgetspentoneducationisthefifthhighestintheworld,andthecurriculumhasbeenre-orientedtomeetlocalneeds.Bangladeshhasopenedmorethan2,500basicvillageprimaryschoolswithappropriatesyllabusessince1985,atanannualcostofjust$15.00perpupil.Only1.5percentofthechildrendropoutcomparedtosixtypercentoftheirpeersintheordinaryprimaryschools.Moreover,ninety-fivepercentofpupils,themajoritygirls,continuetheireducationafterleaving.

Nonetheless,allthesecountriesareunderharsheconomicpressure.ThereislittlehopeforthechildrenoftheThirdWorldcountries,eveniftheirgovernmentsdochangetheirpriorities,unlesstheircountriesareenabledtodevelop.

1.Whatdoyouthinkisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Illiteracyhasbeenalmostcompletely()

3.Girlsveryoftenfailtocompletetheirschoolingbecause().

4.Spendingontertiaryeducationis().

5.Primaryeducationhasbeengivenmoreimportance().

问题1选项

A.topromotethedevelopmentofprimaryeducation

B.topromotethedevelopmentoftertiaryeducation

C.toillustratetheneedfordevelopmentingeneral

D.tohighlighttheproblemsofruralareas

问题2选项

A.fromthedevelopingworld

B.exceptintheUSA,CanadaandFrance

C.inabsolutetermsinindustrializedcountries

D.Infunctionaltermsinindustrializedcountries

问题3选项

A.theyhavetogoouttowork

B.therearetwiceasmanyboysasgirls

C.oftraditionandprejudice

D.offamilyh

问题4选项

A.twiceasproductiveasspendingonsecondaryeducation

B.onlyhalfasproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

C.fiftypercentlessproductivethanspendingonsecondaryschooling

D.twenty-fivepercentlessproductivethanspendingonprimaryschooling

问题5选项

A.inCalcutta

B.insomepartsofAfricaandAsia

C.inthelastfiveyears

D.byreorientingthecurriculum

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章以教育

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