考研考博-英语-山西师范大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西师范大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Aneducationalenvironmenttoseparateyoufromthedailyrigorsoflife.

问题1选项

A.isdesigned

B.designed

C.istobedesigned

D.designs

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词的用法。句子主语是aneducationalenvironment“一种教育环境”，是design动作执行的对象，因此要用被动语态表示“教育环境被设计成”；固定用法bedesignedtodo“打算、目的是”；A选项被动语态；B选项主动语态；C选项被动语态，表“将要被设定成”；D选项主动语态；句意：教育环境能将你从日常生活的艰辛中抽离出来。根据句意A选项最符合题意。

2.单选题

Bothcivilizationandculturearefairlymodernwords,havingcomeintoprominentuseduringthe19thcenturybyanthropologists,historians,andliteraryfigures.Therehasbeenastrongtendencytousetheminterchangeablyasthoughtheymeanthesamething,buttheyarenotthesame.

Althoughmodernintheirusage,thetwowordsderivedfromancientLatin.ThewordcivilizationisbasedontheLatincivis,ofacity.Thuscivilization,initsmostessentialmeaning,istheabilityofpeopletolivetogetherharmoniouslyincities,insocialgroupings.Fromthisdefinitionitwouldseemthatcertaininsects,suchasantsorbees,arealsocivilized.Theyliveandworktogetherinsocialgroups.Sodosomemicroorganisms.Butthereismoretocivilization,andthatiswhatculturebringstoit.So,civilizationisinseparablefromculture.

ThewordcultureisderivedfromtheLatinverbcolere,“totillthesoil”.Butcolerealsohasawiderrangeofmeanings.Itmay,likecivis,meaninhabitingatownorvillage.Butmostofitsdefinitionssuggestaprocessofstartingandpromotinggrowthanddevelopment.Onemaycultivateagarden;onemayalsocultivateone’sinterests,mind,andabilities.Initsmodernusethewordculturereferstoallthepositiveaspectsandachievementsofhumanitythatmakemankinddifferentfromtherestoftheanimalworld.Culturehasgrownoutofcreativity,acharacteristicthatseemstobeuniquetohumanbeings.

Oneofthebasicandbest-knownfeaturesofcivilizationandcultureisthepresenceoftools.Butmoreimportantthantheirsimpleexistenceisthatthetoolsarealwaysbeingimprovedandenlargedupon,aresultofcreativity.Ittookthousandsofyearstogetfromthefirstwheeltothelatest,mostadvancedmodelofautomobile.

Itistheconceptofhumansastoolmakersandimproversthatdifferentiatesthemfromotheranimals.Amonkeymayuseasticktoknockabananafromatree,butthatstickwillnever,throughamonkey’scleverness,bemodifiedintoahookoraladder.Monkeyshaveneverdevisedaspokenlanguage,writtenabook,composedamelody,builtahouse,orpaintedaportrait.Tosaythatbirdsbuildnestsandbeaverstheirdensistomissthepoint.Peopleoncelivedincaves,buttheircleverness,imaginationandcreativityledthemtoprogressbeyondcavestobuildings.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthewords“civilization”and“culture”？

2.Accordingtotheauthortheword“civilization”originallyrefersto（）.

3.TheLatinverbcolereoriginallymeans“（）”.

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcreativity（）.

5.Theauthormentionsmonkeysinthelastparagraphtoshowthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyareidentical.

B.Theyaredifferentconcepts.

C.Theycanoftenbeusedinterchangeably.

D.Theyaredenieddifferentlybydifferentpeople.

问题2选项

A.people’swayoflifeincities.

B.people’sabilitytolivetogetherincities.

C.atypeofsocialorganizations.

D.anadvancedlevelofsociallife.

问题3选项

A.liveinacity.

B.developoneself.

C.promotegrowth

D.cultivatetheland

问题4选项

A.isauniquefeatureofcivilizedbeings.

B.bringsforththeimprovementoftools.

C.istheresultofhumandevelopment.

D.helpstheadvanceofculture.

问题5选项

A.monkeysarethesameasbirds.

B.peopleoncelivedincaveslikemonkeys.

C.monkeyscanneverdevelopintohumanbeings.

D.manisdifferentfromotheranimalssuchasmonkeys.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Therehasbeenastrongtendencytousetheminterchangeablyasthoughtheymeanthesamething,buttheyarenotthesame.”人们经常把它们互换使用，就好像它们的意思是一样的，但其实它们是不一样的。选项B正确。

2.根据第二段的第三句“Thuscivilization,initsmostessentialmeaning,istheabilityofpeopletolivetogetherharmoniouslyincities,insocialgroupings.”文明从最基本的意义上说，是人们在城市或社会团体中和谐地生活在一起的能力。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段的第一句可知colere最初的意思是“totillthesoil”，也就是耕耘土地。选项D正确。

4.根据第四段的第二句“Butmoreimportantthantheirsimpleexistenceisthatthetoolsarealwaysbeingimprovedandenlargedupon,aresultofcreativity.”工具总是在不断改进和扩大，这是创造性的结果。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的第一句“Itistheconceptofhumansastoolmakersandimproversthatdifferentiatesthemfromotheranimals.”。选项D正确。

3.单选题

AlthoughthemembersofCongresswantedtogohome,nohopeforanearly（

）couldbeentertained.

问题1选项

A.postponement

B.adjournment

C.adjustment

D.compromise

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项postponement“延期，延缓”；B选项adjournment“休会；延期”；C选项adjustment“调整，调节”；D选项compromise“妥协；和解”。句意：虽然国会议员们想要回家，但不能抱着早点······的希望。国会议员们“想回家”与nohope存在对立关系，因此B选项的“休会”这一词义更符合句意。

4.单选题

Savingmoneyregularlyduringone’sworkingyearswillhelpto（）one’soldagefromwant.

问题1选项

A.safeguard

B.assure

C.guard

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】safeguard保护，保卫；assure保证，确保；guard防卫；guarantee保证，担保。safeguard...from...为固定搭配，表示“保护...使免于...”，句意：工作的时候定期存钱，有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand（）heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.

问题1选项

A.impinge

B.affect

C.afflict

D.impact

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项impinge“妨碍，侵犯”；B选项affect“影响，感染”，一般和介词to搭配；C选项afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D选项impact“影响，冲突”。句意：这些资金将附带严格的条件，强制实施外部金融控制，并严重侵犯了冰岛来之不易的主权独立。这里是指侵犯主权，所以选项A更符合语境。

6.单选题

Mydaughterliaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

问题1选项

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我女儿今天己经步行了8英里。我们从未想到她能步行那么远。

考查连词辨析。Such是代词或限定词表示“这样（的）”，一般不修饰形容词；that（与表数量或范围的形容词和副词连用）那样，那么；as同样地；和……一样的。因此C符合句意。

7.单选题

TheAfricanstudents______snowbeforetheycometoShijiazhuang.

问题1选项

A.haveneverbeforeseen

B.couldn’tbeforesee

C.wouldneverbeforesee

D.havenotbeforeseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：非洲学生来石家庄之前从未见过雪。根据谓语动词see的动作发生在以前、并且对现在有影响确定用现在完成时，A选项haveneverbeforeseen符合题意。其余选项时态错误。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

They______theboatupontotheshore.

问题1选项

A.hauled

B.handed

C.held

D.heightened

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他们把船________岸。A选项hauled“（用力）拖，拉”；B选项handed“递交；搀扶”；C选项held“抓住”；D选项heightened“提高；增加”。根据语境，这里是指他们把船拖到岸上，所以A选项hauled“（用力）拖；拉”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M.andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat~andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnondurableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear~about64itemsperperson~andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes―andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto.

1.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher（

）.

2.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

（

）.

3.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

5.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

问题1选项

A.poorbargainingskill

B.insensitivitytofashion

C.obsessionwithhighfashion

D.lackofimagination

问题2选项

A.combatunnecessarywaste

B.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

C.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements

D.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

问题3选项

A.accusation

B.enthusiasm

C.indifference

D.tolerance

问题4选项

A.Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

B.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

C.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

D.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

问题5选项

A.Satireonanextravagantlifestyle

B.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth

C.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

D.Exposureofamass-marketsecret

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词Priestlycriticizesherassistant定位至第一段:Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther(在2006年的电影版‘穿普拉达的女王’中，由MerylStreep扮演的MirandaPriestly因猜想高级时尚没有影响自己没有魅力的助手而斥责她),因此可推知B项“对时尚不敏感”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable―meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(这些服装品牌怂恿有时尚意识的'消费者将衣服看成是一次性的（意味着只洗一次或两次，尽管这些品牌没有做那样的广告），且每隔几周就去更新自己的服装)。因此D项“更频繁地为自己买衣服”正确。

3.词义题。单词“indictment”后面的句子提到:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat―andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(这些服装品牌公恵有时尚意识的消级者将衣服看成是一次性的（意味着只洗一次或两次，尽管这些品牌没有做那样的广告），且每隔几周就去更新自己的服装)。因此推测“indictment”在这里有“控告”的意思；故选A。

4.判断推理题。最后一段:Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto(虚荣心是一种不变的事物；人们在自己不能承担去购买东西时才会开始更可持续性地购物)。由此可推知D项“价格对有利于环境的购物是至关重要的”正确。

5.主旨大意题。由全文主要围绕“批评快时尚行业浪费资源、劳动力，且污染环境”进行分析和论述可推知C项“批评快速时尚行业”正确。

10.单选题

_____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

问题1选项

A.Dressed

B.Todress

C.Dressing

D.Havingdressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。dress的常用搭配是bedressedin和dresssb.，前者表示的是状态，后者表示动作。本句空格后有in，且表示的是一种状态，故用过去分词形式dressed。本题“dressedinawhiteuniform”，是对he的情况进行说明。句意：穿着白色的制服，他看起来更像厨师而不是医生。

11.写作题

TherearemanyreasonsforapersonplanningtodoPhDresearch(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,andincreasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleshouldpursueadoctoraldegree?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsaboutyouropiniononthistopic.

【答案】WhydopeoplegoforaPh.D.?Thedisinterestedreasonmostoftengivenissatisfyingtheirthirstforknowledge.Ph.D.studentsarethosewithhighdegreeofinternalmotivationthatstemsfromtheirinborncuriosityandloveofintellectualpursuits.Theyexpectthatafterobtainingtheirdegreetheywillmetamorphoseintoscholars.Forthosethetemptationofresearchingnewandexcitingsubjectsisalsoirresistible,oratleastpreferabletoallotherchoices.

So,aPhDmeansthatyouhavealotofknowledgeandinformationaboutyourfield.Yourknowl-edgeisnotonlytheoretical,butalsoofpracticaluse,andyoucanshareitwithothersforproblem-solving.Youareanexpertandspecialistinyourareaofstudy,andyoureducatedopinionwillbehighlyvaluedamongfriends,colleaguesandeventhemedia.

WithaPhDdegree,youmayhavemorecareerchoices.Atthesametime,youcangainahighersalaryandpositionwithinthecompanycomparedtocandidateswhodonothavethesameeducationallevelasyou.Furthermore,yourexpertiseinthefieldalsogivesyoutheopportunitytoacquireteach-ingpositionsatacollegeoruniversity.

TherearealsootherreasonsforpursuingaPh.D.,whicharemorepragmatic.GoingthroughyearsofstudyforaPhDdegreealsomeansthatyouwillhavebuiltupareliableanddiversesetofprofessionalnetworks.Youwillhaveworkedwithrenownedexpertsandscholarsinthefieldandwillhavemadeimportantcontactsduringconferences,allofwhomcanserveasexcellentcareerreferencesforanyjobpositions.

Inthissense,thedoctoraldegreeisnotonlyapassporttoaworldofresearchandnewknowl-edge,butalsoavaluableassetthatincreasesone’schancesforobtaininghigherpaid,moresatisfyingjobs.Itisseenasaninvestmentinone’slifeforfuturesuccessfulcareer,acertificateprovingone’sspecialabilitiesthatgivesadvantagesoftheownerinthejobmarket.

WhateverreasonsapersonmayhavewhenplanningtodoPh.D.research,theultimategoalistoenjoyabetterlife.APhDprograminvolveshardwork,rigorouscriticalthinkingskillsandalotofin-vestedtime,moneyandresearch.However,youreceivemanybenefitsandrewardsforhavingadoc-toratedegree,whetheritisforpersonalsatisfaction,socialstatus,andemploymentorforthesakeofeducationandknowledgeitself.

12.写作题

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment”?

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart，provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】略

13.单选题

Myhusbandatea____breakfastbeforehesetoffforhisremotefarmhouse.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.convenient

C.hearty

D.heady

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“prime”，意为“最初的，首位的”；B选项“convenient”，意为“方便的，附近的”；C选项“hearty”，意为“衷心的，强健的，营养丰富的，丰盛的”；D选项“heady”，意为“顽固的，任性的”。句意：我的丈夫在启程去偏远农舍之前，享用了一顿丰盛的早餐。因此，C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterferingwiththeircreativity.

问题1选项

A.freedom

B.assistance

C.clues

D.funds

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.freedom自由B.assistance帮助

C.clues线索，提示D.funds基金

【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析

【解题思路】根据后文“不会影响创造力（creativity）”推断，雇主的这个行为如果处理不当会影响员工的创造力，原词hint“暗示，提示”，因此C选项clues“线索，提示”与原词意思最接近。

【干扰项排除】

A选项freedom“自由”，与创造力无关；

B选项assistance“帮助”，语义太宽泛，没有C选项具体；

D选项funds“基金”，与创造力无关。

【句意】一个好的雇主会给他或她的员工一些暗示，而不会影响他们的创造力。

15.翻译题

Directions:translatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingTEXTintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

人与自然是生命共同体，人类必须尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然。人类只有遵循自然规律才能有效防止在开发利用自然上走弯路，人类对大自然的伤害最终会伤及人类自身这是无法抗拒的规律。

我们要建设的现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，既要创造更多物质财富和精神财富以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，也要提供更多优质生态产品以满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要。必须坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式，还自然以宁静、和谐、美丽。

【答案】Asacommunityoflife,humanmustrespect,conformtoandprotectnature.Onlybyfollowingthelawsofnaturecanhumanbeingseffectivelypreventdetoursinthedevelopmentandutilizationofnature.Itisanirresistiblelawthathumanbeings’harmtonaturewilleventuallyhurtthemselves.

Themodernizationweseekisoneinwhichhumanandnatureliveinharmony.Weneedtocreatemorematerialandspiritualwealthtomeetpeople’sever-growingneedsforabetterlife,andweneedalsotoprovidemorequalityecologicalgoodstomeetpeople’sever-growingdemandsforabeautifulenvironment.

16.单选题

Theyoungmanhas（

）someingeniousschemestomakegoodprofitsforthecompany.

问题1选项

A.comeout

B.comeupwith

C.comeupto

D.comeup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。comeout“出现，出版”；comeupwith“提出，想出”；comeupto“达到，等于”；comeup“走进，发生”。句意：这个年轻人想出了一些有创意的计划来使公司获利。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“laudable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

问题1选项

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

问题2选项

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

问题3选项

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

问题4选项

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

问题5选项

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础。事实上，它们是现代社会的基础，从人们使用的小工具到人们相互交流和思考的方式）可知A选项“由数学和科学产生”符合题意。

第2题:词义题。understandable意为“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意为“值得称赞的，值得表扬的”；believable意为“可信的”；feasible意为“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（数学和科学对于创新很重要，尽管这值得称赞）可知选B。

第3题:词义题。文章第一段开篇就提出数学和科学支撑着很多创新，它们是现代社会的基础，因此可以推测主要是讲述数学与科学的重要性，故选D。

第4题:推理判断题。根据题干关键此词ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很难预测哪一项新的科学进步会产生新的经济活动，但科学却能提高生产力）可知B选项“他坚信数学将产生新的经济活动”表述过于绝对，不符合原句表达的含义。

第5题:观点态度题。根据题干关键词ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（当然，数学和科学可以刺激未来的创新，但推广这些学科并不一定是带来变革的最佳方式。他列举了有针对性的公共和私人激励措施。在他看来，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他认为，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技术教育）可知选C。

18.单选题

Thegloomymyth-makersforeseeaworlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire,andahumanpopulation______bywar,starvationorinfectiousdiseases.

问题1选项

A.stagnated

B.suppressed

C.contrived

D.decimated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项stagnate“停滞，淤塞，变萧条”，B项suppress“抑制，镇压，废止”，C项contrive“设计，发明，图谋”，D项decimate“大批杀害，大量毁灭，大大削弱”。根据worlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire“被洪水或火灾摧毁的世界”可知，humanpopulation______bywar填入decimated符合语境。句意：悲观的神话制造者预测世界将被洪水或火灾摧毁，人类将被战争、饥饿或传染病夺去生命。因此，该题选择D项正确。

19.单选题

Coffeecanbeconsideredoneofnature’sgreatestgifts,itgivesmentalandemotional（1）withoutharmfulsideeffects,andit（2）awealthofnutrients.Yet,whenmostpeopledrinkcoffee,theyarenotthinkingthatthebeverageis（3）theirhealth.Infact,somemayevenfeelalittleguilty,（4）somebelievecoffeeisn’tgoodforyouatall.

Well,coffee,likeanythingelse,cancauseproblemsiftoomuchis（5）.Moderateconsumptionofcoffee（6）yourbodywithawealthofantioxidants.Thesesubstancesareresponsible（7）eliminatingfreeradicals.Theyarethechemicalbyproductsproducedanytimeyourbodydoes,something.Asmallnumberofthemcanhelpserve（8）abufferagainstnegativeelements,iftheyaren’t（9）incheck,theycancausehealthproblems.Antioxidantsensurethatthisdoesn’thappen.

Thepsychologicaleffectsofcaffeinecannotbe（10）either.Notonlydoescaffeinemakeyoumore（11）,butitcanactuallyaffectyourmood.Ifyouwerefeeling（12）oroverwhelmed,anicecupofcoffeecouldchangeyour（13）.Thestackofworkthatseemedimpossiblebeforeisn’tevenaproblemnow.（14）,caffeinehelpsstimulatecreativityasitspeedsupthebody’sfunctioning.That’swhycoffeeisoften（15）withwritersandotherintellectualprofessions.Otherdrugs（16）tomakepeopledumber.Co