考研考博-英语-山西艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancial（）forthenextfiscal

yearwasoptimistic;theyexpectincreasedtaxrevenues.

问题1选项

A.outlook

B.oversight

C.notion

D.subject

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：城市规划委员会表示，他们对下一个财政年度的财务前景持乐观态度；他们预计税收会增加。

2.单选题

InthecourseofmyreadingIhadcomeacrossacasewhere,manyyearsago,somehuntersonourGreatPlainsorganizedabuffalohuntfortheentertainmentofanEnglishearlandprovidesomefreshmeatforhisuse.Theyhadcharmingsport.Theykilledseventy-twoofthosegreatanimals;andatepartofoneofthemandlefttheseventy-onetorot.Inordertodeterminethedifferencebetweenananacondaandanearl,Ihadsevenlambsturnedintotheanaconda’scage.Thegratefulsnakeimmediatelycrushedoneofthemandswallowedit,thenlaybacksatisfied.Itshowednofurtherinterestinthelamb,andnoinclinationtoharmthem.Itriedthisexperimentwithotheranacondasisthattheearliscruelandtheanacondaisn’t;andtheearlwantonlydestroyedwhathehasnousefor,buttheanacondadoesn’t.Thisseemedtosuggestthattheanacondawasnotdescendedfromtheearl.Italsoseemedtosuggestthattheearlwasdescendedfromtheanacondaandhadlostagooddealinthetransition.

Iwasawarethatmanymenwhohaveaccumulatedmoremoneythantheycaneverusehaveshownahungerformore,andhavenothesitatedtocheattheignorantandthehelplessoutoftheirpoorsavingsinordertopartiallysatisfytheappetite.Ifurnishedahundreddifferentkindsofwildanddomesticanimalstheopportunitytoaccumulatevaststoresoffoodbutnoneofthemwoulddoit.Thesquirrelsandbeesandcertainbirdsmadeaccumulations,butstoppedwhentheygatheredawinter’ssupply,andcouldnotbepersuadedtoaddtoiteitherhonestlyorbetrickery.Theseexperimentsconvincedmethatthereisthisdifferencebetweenmanandthehigheranimals;heisgreedy,theyarenot.

Inthecourseofmyexperiments,Iconvincedmyselfthatamongtheanimalsmanistheonlyonethatharborsinsultsandinjuries,broodsoverthem,waitstillachanceoffers,thentakesrevenge.Thepassionofrevengeisunknowntothehigheranimals.

1.Bydescribingthebuffalohuntingandhisexperimentwiththeanaconda,theauthormainlywants

totellhisreadersthat（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,inhumansociety,therich（）.

3.Theauthor'sexperimentswithdifferentkindsofanimalsseemtoprovethat（）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorwritesina(n)（）.

问题1选项

A.theanacondaiseasilysatisfied

B.theearliscapableofcommittingwantoncruelty

C.theearl’sancestorturnedouttobetheanaconda

D.theanacondadoesnotharmotheranimalsexceptwhenitishungry

问题2选项

A.tendtoaccumulatevaststoresoffood

B.areinclinedtogathermoreriches

C.arereadytohelpthepoor

D.ismostlycheaters

问题3选项

A.manisthehighestanimal

B.manissuperiortoanimals

C.manisthelowestanimal

D.manisinferiortoanimalsincertainrespect

问题4选项

A.loveofrevengeisauniquecharacteristicofman

B.manistheonlyanimalcapableofthinking

C.humanbeingsarecapableofinsultingandinjuringeachother

D.manisbetterintakingchancesthananimals

问题5选项

A.serioustone

B.angrytone

C.ironictone

D.matter-of-facttone

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意为:通过描述狩猎水牛，以及他用蟒蛇做的实验，作者主要想告诉读者什么？第一段指出:Theykilledseventy-twoofthosegreatanimals;andatepartofoneofthemandlefttheseventy-onetorot(他们杀了72头牛，然后吃了一头牛的一部分，将剩下的71头牛丢下以腐烂)。接下来作者为了区分动物和人类，用蟒蛇做了实验。后面指出:Itriedthisexperimentwithotheranacondasisthattheearliscruelandtheanacondaisn’t(我用这个蟒蛇的实验是想表明，伯爵是残忍的，蟒蛇不是)。因此B项“伯爵能做出荒唐的残忍行为”正确。

2.判断推理题。题干意为:作者认为，在人类社会中，富人如何？A:往往积累大量的食物。B:倾向于聚集更多的财富。C:准备帮助穷人。D:大多数是骗子。第二段指出:Iwasawarethatmanymenwhohaveaccumulatedmoremoneythantheycaneverusehaveshownahungerformore,andhavenothesitatedtocheattheignorantandthehelplessoutoftheirpoorsavingsinordertopartiallysatisfytheappetite(我发现，很多已经聚集大量财富的人会想要得到更多，并且毫不犹豫地欺骗无辜的人和无助的穷人，以满足他们贪婪的欲望)。A项跟D项没有提及，C项与原文所述相反，B项正确。

3.判断推理题。题干意为:作者用不同的动物做实验，似乎想证明什么？第二段指出:...butstoppedwhentheygatheredawinter’ssupply,andcouldnotbepersuadedtoaddtoiteitherhonestlyorbetrickery.Theseexperimentsconvincedmethatthereisthisdifferencebetweenmanandthehigheranimals;heisgreedy,theyarenot…(当满足了冬天生存的食物供给吋，他们就会停止积累食物，并且，也不会因其他原因而增加。这些实验告诉我，人类和高等动物的区别，即人类是贪婪的，而高等动物不是)。

4.判断推理题。题干意为:从最后一段，我们可得知:Inthecourseofmyexperiments,Iconvincedmyselfthatamongtheanimalsmanistheonlyonethatharborsinsultsandinjuries,broodsoverthem,waitstillachanceoffers,thentakesrevenge.Thepassionofrevengeisunknowntothehigheranimals(在实验中，我相信，在动物中，人是唯一心怀侮辱的动物，伤害他人并与他人计较，而且人类会等待机会，采取报复。复仇的热情是高等动物未知的)。因此C项“人类能互相侮辱和伤害”正确。

5.观点态度题。题干意为:作者以何种态度写这篇文章？文章中作者认为人类是贪婪的，不满足的。因此选C项“讽刺的”。

3.不定项选择题

Whatdovideocassettes,icecream,pizzas,whiskyandbouquetsofflowersallhaveincommon?TheansweristhatinJapantheycanallbeboughtfromavendingmachine.Japanboastsmorevendingmachinesperpersonthananyothercountryintheworld,withoneforevery22people.America,bycontrast,hasoneforevery46;theEuropeanCommunityonlyoneforevery200.

Japanesevendingmachinesarealsomoreproductive.Salespermachinearealmosttwo-thirdshigherthaninAmerica,becausetheJapanesemachinessellhigh-valueproducts,likewhisky,aswellastheusualCoca-colaandgum.

Cravingacigaretteorbarofchocolate?InAmericaorBritainthenearestvendingmachineisprobablyvandalized,empty,oracceptsonlytherightmoneyinthewrongcoins.Thankstoitslowcrime-rateandsophisticatedelectronics,Japan’svendingmachinesaremuchreliable.Theyarealsolesslikelytorunout,thankstoon-linemonitoringofstocks.

Despitewhatlookslikesaturationbyanyoneelse’sstandards,thenumberofvendingmachinesinJapanissettogrow.Thisisbecausethelabor-savingadvantagesofvendingmachineshaveyettobefullyexploited.Decliningbirthrates,anagingpopulationandtightcontrolsonimmigrationarecreatingashortageoflow-wageworkersinJapanandboostingthedemandforevercleverermachines.Oneofthefastestgrowingsectorsisheatedfoodsuchaspizzas.Avendingmachinecanreplacewaitressesinhamburgerjoints,ticketvendorsincinemasandcounterstaffinall-nightstores.

Thelatestcrazeisvendingmachinesthatselllove.Menlookingforagirl-friendpaytohavetheirvitalstatisticsfedintothelovemachine—includingtheirname,telephonenumberand,mostimportantofall,thekindofcartheydrive.Womendropinafewcoins,andthenchoosethetake-awaymanoftheirdreams.

1.Thereisavendingmachineforevery46people（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitemscanbeconsideredashigh-valueproduct?

3.Impliedbutnotstated（

）.

4.Theshortageoflow-wageworkersinJapaniscaused（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethetitleofthearticle?

问题1选项

A.inAmerica

B.inJapan

C.inFrance

D.intheUnitedKingdom

问题2选项

A.Videocassette

B.Pizza

C.Icecream

D.Whisky

问题3选项

A.Thecrime-rateofAmericaishigherthanthatofJapan

B.Thecrime-rateoftheUnitedKingdomishigherthanthatofJapan

C.Thecrime-rateofJapanishigherthanthatofBritain

D.BothAandB

问题4选项

A.bytightcontrolsonimmigration

B.byanagingpopulation

C.bydecliningbirthrates

D.allabove

问题5选项

A.Push-ButtonLover

B.CleverMachine

C.VendingMachineinJapan

D.ConvenientMachine

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句：Japanboastsmorevendingmachinesperpersonthananyothercountryintheworld,withoneforevery22people.America,bycontrast,hasoneforevery46;theEuropeanCommunityonlyoneforevery200.（日本拥有世界上人均最多的自动售货机，每22个人就有一台。相比之下，美国每46人就有1台，而欧共体每200人中只有1台。），从这里可以看出答案选A“美国”。

B选项“日本”，日本售卖机是每22人一台，不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰。

C选项“法国”，法国是欧洲国家，欧洲人是每200人一台，不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰。

D选项“英国”，英国是欧洲国家，欧洲人是每200人一台，不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰。

第2题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第一句话becausetheJapanesemachinessellhigh-valueproducts,likewhisky,aswellastheusualCoca-colaandgum（因为日本的机器销售高价值的产品，如威士忌，以及通常的可口可乐和口香糖）。第二步，综合理解，文章有明显的指向，威士忌属于高价值产品，所以答案选D。

A选项“录像磁带”，第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段第二三句话Whatdovideocassettes,icecream,pizzas,whiskyandbouquetsofflowersallhaveincommon?TheansweristhatinJapantheycanallbeboughtfromavendingmachine.（录像带、冰淇淋、披萨、威士忌和花束有什么共同之处？答案是，在日本，它们都可以从自动售货机买到），这里虽然有提到A项，但没有说这三种物品是高价值产品不符合题意，这里属于出处错误。

B选项“披萨”，见A选项解析。

C选项“冰淇淋”，见A选项解析。

第3题:事实推理题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三段第二三句话InAmericaorBritainthenearestvendingmachineisprobablyvandalized,empty,oracceptsonlytherightmoneyinthewrongcoins.Thankstoitslowcrime-rateandsophisticatedelectronics,Japan’svendingmachinesaremuchreliable.（在美国或英国，最近的自动售货机很可能遭到破坏、空无一物，或者只接受用错硬币装对的钱。由于日本的低犯罪率和先进的电子设备，自动售货机非常可靠）第二句讲到英美两国的售货机很可能遭到破坏，而第三句直接说日本的犯罪率低，所以这里就暗指英美两国的犯罪率会要比日本的高，所以答案选D选项“A、B都对”。

A选项“美国的犯罪率比日本高”；由上可知，美国的犯罪率的确比日本的要高，但是没有说完全，属于以偏概全。

B选项“英国的犯罪率比日本高”；由上可知，英国的犯罪率的确比日本的要高，但是没有说完全，属于以偏概全。

C选项“日本的犯罪率比英国高”；由上可知，英国的犯罪率的确比日本的要高，这里属于反向干扰。

第4题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第四段第三句话Decliningbirthrates,anagingpopulationandtightcontrolsonimmigrationarecreatingashortageoflow-wageworkersinJapan（出生率下降、人口老龄化以及对移民的严格控制，造成了日本低薪工人的短缺）第二步，综合理解，由此可知A选项“通过严格控制移民”；B选项“人口老龄化”；C选项“出生率下降”三个选项都是正确的，选择任意一个都会犯以偏概全的错误，所以答案选D选项“以上都是”。

第5题:主旨大意题。第一步：文章行文结构，文章以疑问开始，讲述了自动贩卖机在日本的运用及普及，然后第二、三段讲述日本售卖机可以贩卖的商品，第四段讲述贩卖机在日本迅猛发展的原因，第五段讲的是贩卖机能够卖的匪夷所思的商品，全文是总分结构，都是围绕着日本的售卖机而来，所以答案选C选项“日本的自动售货机”。

A选项“按钮的情人”是文章最后一段的内容，犯了以偏概全的错误。

B选项“聪明的机器”只是在文章第四段有提及，犯了以偏概全的错误。

D选项“方便的机器”。全文没有提到，属于无中生有。

4.单选题

Therelationoftheearthonitsaxisisresponsibleforthe（）ofperiodsoflightanddarkness.

问题1选项

A.alteration

B.alternation

C.alternative

D.altercation

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析题。alteration变更，改变；alternation交替，更迭；alternative二选一，供替代的选择；altercation争执。句意：地球绕着地轴运转是日夜交替出现的原因。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

WhenMr.Liwritesanarticle,healwayskeepseveraldictionaries（）.

问题1选项

A.underhishands

B.byhand

C.outofhand

D.athand

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。byhand用手；outofhand脱手、无法控制；athand

在手边。句意：李先生写文章时，手边总有几本词典。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Heseemedtoooldforher,（

）likeafather（

）ahusband.

问题1选项

A.more...than

B.notso...as

C.most...than

D.rather...than

【答案】A

【解析】句意:对她来说，他似乎有点太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。

考查固定搭配。由前半句句意“他似乎有点太老了”推测后面句意为:相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。more...than...相比…，更是…。故选A。

7.单选题

Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughto（）thatitwasacar.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.examine

C.verify

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：飞机发现了这个地点，并盘旋着靠近，以证实这是一辆汽车。verify指证明，证实；testify指作证。选项C更符合语境。

8.单选题

________canbeseenfromthecomparisonofthesefigures,theprincipleinvolvestheactiveparticipationofthepatientinthemodificationofhiscondition.

问题1选项

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】考查从句引导词。句意：（）从这些数字的比较可以看出，其原理涉及到病人积极参与病情的改善。两个句子之间缺少连词，所以不能只单独加主语，此句是非限制性定语从句。根据句意as引导非限制性定语从句来修饰整个主句最合适，所以答案选A。what和that都不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以B，C不选。

9.单选题

Thedesignofthegymnasiumshowsagreatdealof（）.Wehaveneverseenabuildingofsuchatypebefore.

问题1选项

A.invention

B.fascination

C.solidarity

D.originality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。invention“发明，发明物”；fascination“魅力，魔力”；solidarity“团结”；originality“创意，独创性”。根据后面提到的内容“我们从来没有见过这类型的建筑”可知该建筑的设计是非常富有创意的，因此选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Thetwosurfaces（

）toeachotherandwecouldn’tgetthemapart.

问题1选项

A.stuck

B.clung

C.cohered

D.adhered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stickto坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘着”；adhereto“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故D项符合题意。

11.单选题

Ifyourevealyourfriend’ssecrets,youwill（

）him.

问题1选项

A.lure

B.disturb

C.alienate

D.control

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项lure“诱惑”；B选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；C选项alienate“使疏远”；D选项control“控制”。句意：如果你揭露朋友的秘密，你将会和他疏远。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Obviously,thereisa(n)___thatmanagementonlywantstocutcosts.

问题1选项

A.concentration

B.ambiguity

C.perception

D.facility

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.concentration专心；集合B.ambiguity含糊；不明确

C.perception认识能力；知觉；看法D.facility设施；设备

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子结构可知空格后thatmanagementonlywantstocutcosts（管理层只想削减成本）为同位语从句，解释说明空格的内容，“管理层只想削减成本”这是一种看法。C.perception“看法”符合语境。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合语境。

【句意】有一种看法认为，管理层只想削减成本。

13.单选题

AccordingtotheAmericanfederalgovernment,residentsofHawaiihavethelongestlife（）:77.2years.

问题1选项

A.scope

B.rank

C.span

D.scale

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scope“范围，余地”；B选项rank“排名，等级”；C选项span“跨度，跨距，寿命”；D选项scale“规模，比例”。句意：根据美国联邦政府的统计，夏威夷居民的（）最长，为77.2岁。本句表达的意思是“夏威夷居民的寿命”，因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Inthenewageofemployment,NewZealandexecutiveswithskillstosellareincreasinglycreatingtheirownfuture.Inpracticalterms,thismeansthatcomplains,whichexpecttheirstafftogivetheirsoultothecompany,maybedisappointed.New-ageexecutiveswanttobethekeeperoftheirownsouls.Enlightenedchiefexecutivesknowthatexecutiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohaveinthecompany.

Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies.Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed.Therewillbeaskillshortageinmanycountriesinthenextcentury.Thepeoplewithskillsthatcompaniesneedarelookingforanenjoyableworkingenvironmentthatrecognizesthewholeperson.Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing.

Theimplicationsformanagementstylesareprofound.Tomorrow’sexecutiveswillbenotonproductivity,coldonarbitraryworkpatterns.Forthenewbreed,a70-hourworkingweekisn’tsomethingtoboastabout,ifit’sanadmissionoflousytimemanagement.Executivesrecruitmentagenciesreportthatmoreandmorepeopleareaskingfirstabouttheflexibilityofthecompany’sworkingarrangementsandonlysecondaboutsalarypackages.Thesalarypackagewasn'tunimportantbutcamewellbehindwhatmightbecalledthewholedetailsofthejob.Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty.Becausetheylovetheirwork,theydevelopaverystrongtiewiththeircompany.Inreturn,thisaddsuptothecreationofanenvironment,whichnotonlyattractsstaffbutkeepsthem,too.

Furthermore,manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace.Best-sellingbooksbyDr.Dyerhaveencouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill.

1.Executiveswhogive100percentaren’tnecessarilythebestpeopletohavethecompanybecause（

）.

2.Thecompanyispopularifithas

（

）.

3.WhichisNOTtrueaboutbalancedemployment?

4.Thesentence“Manufacturershavetriedtoinstallhumanityintheworkplace”(Para.4)means

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.employeesthemselveswilldecidewhichcompanytochoose

B.thebestpeopledon’twanttodevotethemselvescompletelytothecompany

C.thebestpeopledon’tliketostayinaplaceforalongtime

D.thebestpeoplelookdownuponthelessqualified

问题2选项

A.arbitraryworkpatterns

B.lousymanagement

C.flexibleworkingenvironment

D.busytimeschedule

问题3选项

A.Thenumbersofemployersandemployeesareproportional

B.Employeeswillenjoymorefreedom

C.Itisastandardbywhichfutureemployeesjudgecompanies

D.Companieswillcreateenvironmentattractivetotheemployees

问题4选项

A.theycarryouthumanetreatment

B.theyencourageemployeestoworkhard

C.theyplayaroleincorporatemill

D.theytakeindividualemployeesasdominantfactor

问题5选项

A.Employeesdecidetochooseworkattheirownwill.

B.Loyaltyisessentialtoacompany.

C.Prospectiveemployeespreferfavorableenvironment.

D.Companieshavecreatedattractiveenvironment.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.考察判断推理。文章第二段倒数第一二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom.Theywanttohaveplentyofholidaystodotheirownthing提到员工们要的是自由，希望有节假日来做自己的事情。选项B符合题意。

2..考察细节事实。文章第二段提到，未来的公司为了吸引有技能的人前来就业，需要创造出更好的环境。员工最在乎的不是工资而是自己能否有足够的假期来做自己的事情。文章第三段也提到相对自用的工作环境能够让员工对公司更加忠诚（Employeeswhoworkfororganizationsthatgivethemflexibilitydevelopanincrediblesenseofloyalty）。选项C符合题意。

3.考察细节事实。根据文章第二段第一句Thelatestcatchphraseforthisnewapproachis“Balancedemployment,”whichinthefuturewillbecometheyardstickbywhichprospectiveemployeesjudgecompanies可以排除选项C；根据倒数第二句Theydonotwantacomeroffice;theywantfreedom可以排除选项B；根据第二句Smartcompaniesarerightnowcreatinganenvironmentthatwillattracttheskillstheyneed排除选项D。所以选项A符合题意。

4.考察判断推理。题干的意思是“制造商应该把人性设置在工作场所”。文章提到了员工现在更加看中的是freedom而不是把报酬放在第一位，他们希望有自己的时间来做自己的事情，文章最后一段最后一句encouragedemployeestothinkofthemselvesascreativeindividualsintheworkplaceandnotascogsinacorporatemill提到这位博士鼓励员工多去为自己想想而不是成为一个工作的机器，也就是说公司应该把员工放在主要位置。选项D符合题意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章主要讲述了员工对于未来工作环境的要求。他们不再把工资报酬放在第一位，而是要有灵活的工作时间，有假期来做自己的事情，而不再是做一个工作的机器。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

IntheageoftheInternet,readersandlibrarianswantliberal（）toinformationon-line;authorsandpublisherswantcontroloverhowtheirintellectualpropertyisdistributed.

问题1选项

A.acquisition

B.access

C.entrance

D.absorption

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。acquisition获得物，获得；access进入，机会；entrance入口；absorption吸收，全神贯注。句意：在互联网时代，读者和图书管理员希望有机会在网上自由地获取信息;作者和出版商希望能够控制他们的知识产权分配问题。accessto有权使用…，有机会进入…。只有B项符合句意。

16.单选题

ARepublicanplantocontroltherisingcostofSocialSecuritywouldgreatlyreduceretirementbenefitsformiddle-andupper-incomeAmericans,especiallythosenowyoungerthan25,accordingtoananalysisreleasedWednesdaybytheprogram'schiefactuary（精算师）.Theplan,byRep.PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.

Together,thetwoprovisionswouldreduceinitialbenefitsbyaboutaquarterformiddle-incomeAmericanswhoturn65in2050,accordingtotheanalysis.Wealthierretireeswouldseeevendeepercuts,losingaboutathirdofscheduledbenefitsin2050andmorethanhalfofscheduledbenefitsiftheyturn65in2080.

Withcongressionalelectionslessthantwoweeksaway,theRyanplanhasbeenafrequenttargetforDemocratsaccusingtheGOPofplottingtogutSocialSecurity.ButthereportbyStephenGoss,chiefactuaryfortheSocialSecurityAdministration,alsoexaminesotherideasforoverhaulingtheprogram,includingseveralunderdiscussionbyadeficit（赤字）-reductioncommissionappointedbyPresidentObama.LeadersinbothpartiessaySocialSecuritymaypresentthebestopportunityforcompromiseonthecommission,whichisduetoissueareportDec.1.

Goss'sanalysisshowsthatthoseideasmaynotbemuchmorepleasantthanRyan'splan.Forexample,allowingtheretirementagetocontinuerisingtwomonthsperyearuntilithitsage70wouldcutinitialbenefitsbynearly20percentforanyoneturning65in2050.Meanwhile,thecommissionistalkingaboutcuttingthecost-of-livingincreaseretireesreceiveeachyear,aswellascuttingtheirinitialbenefits.

"There'sbeenalotofdiscussionabouthoweasyitwouldbetocutSocialSecurityinordertosaveit,'saidRep.EarlPomeroy,DemocratofNorthDakota,whorequestedthereportaschairmanoftheHouseWaysandMeanssubcommitteeonSocialSecurity.‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’

RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Moretothepoint,Sweeneysaid,failingtooverhaulSocialSecurity—whichisalreadypayingoutmorethanitcollectsfrompayrolltaxes―willcausemoreimmediateharm."AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministration,CongressmanPomeroy'sdo-nothingplanwillimposepainfulacross-the-boardbenefitcutsoncurrentseniorsandthosenearingretirement,"

Sweeneysaid."Itisdeeplyirresponsibleforelectedleaderstostandidlewithicyindifferenceasthesocialsafetynetcollapses."

1.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheplanbyPaulRyan?

2.Whatdoestheword“gut’inthe3rdparagraphmean?

3.EarlPomeroyholdstheideathat（

）.

4.Astothelow-incomeretirees,（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itencouragespeopletoretireasearlyaspossible.

B.Ithaslittleinfluenceontheupper-incomeretirees.

C.ItwasmadetocontrolthecostofSocialSecurity.

D.Itwillincreasethelower-incomeAmericana’sbenefits.

问题2选项

A.Cut.

B.Spoil.

C.Misuse.

D.Abolish.

问题3选项

A.retiringat70willleadtonoinitialbenefitscuts

B.Ryan’splanisthebestwaytosaveSocialSecurity

C.initialbenefitscutsshouldbelimitedunder20%

D.initialbenefitscutsishelplessforSocialSecurity

问题4选项

A.theywereignoredbyGossinhisanalysis

B.Ryanpaidnoattentiontothemintheplan

C.Sweeneyproposedahigherminimumbenefit

D.theyaffordmorepayrolltaxesthantheothers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句‘PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.威斯康星州共和党人保罗瑞安(PaulRyan)将通过逐步提高退休年龄和逐步削减收入最高的70%人群的福利来减少福利。’确定A选项‘它鼓励人们尽早退休’,B选项‘它对高收入的退休人员几乎没有影响’,D选项‘它将增加低收入美国人的福利’错误，C选项‘这是为了控制社会保障的成本’符合题意。

2.文章第三段划线单词所在句子句意‘瑞安计划一直是民主党人指责共和党阴谋削弱社会保障的一个常见目标。’所以gut意思是‘削减’，A选项符合题意。

.3根据文章倒数第二段‘‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’新的分析显示，这些提议导致的福利削减幅度从10%到50%不等。这并不是我所希望的拯救社会保障体系的方法。’可知D选项‘最初的福利削减对社会保障来说是无能为力的’正确。

4.根据最后一段第一句话‘RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Ryan发言人ConorSweeney称，Goss并未全面分析Ryan平衡联邦预算计划的效果，且忽略了Ryan为低收入退休人员提供更高最低福利的提议。’可知A选项‘他们在Goss的分析中被忽略了’正确。

17.单选题

Myeldestsisterwentonwiththestoryandyoungchildrenaroundher（）withwonderful!”fromtimetotime.

问题1选项

A.brokeout

B.brokeoff

C.brokein

D.brokeup

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。breakout“爆发，突发”；breakoff“折断，突然停止”；breakin“打断，闯入”；breakup“打碎，结束”，句意：我的姐姐继续讲故事，围在她身边的小孩子时不时地打断欢呼“太棒了！”。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Whateverthecauses,theEnglishbytheendoftheyear2050willhavebeenmorewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguage______.

问题1选项

A.everwas

B.hadeverbeen

C.wouldeverbe

D.haseverbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。willhavebeen是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项h