考研考博-英语-山东水利职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东水利职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

商务印书馆是中国现代出版史上历史最悠久的文化出版机构。作为国内外著名的出版机构,它为文化的传播和新知识的介绍做出了卓越的贡献。出版物遍及社会科学、自然科学、应用技术、文学艺术、儿童读物、教科书、中外语文辞书、各类杂志和各个门类专业的工具书。商务印书馆的出版物,对我国思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影响。

通信卫星系统在过去的几十年中取得了很大的成功,已引起了人们对未来的广泛的关注,一些国家正在采用卫星来发展国内的通信,以取代传统的陆地电话线。但是,卫星研制、发射和运转的成本很高,超出了一些国家的经济承受能力。尽管如此,通信卫星系统得到了越来越多的人的重视和支持,这种技术会在未来更加普及。

【答案】TheCommercialPressistheoldestculturalpublishinghouseinthehistoryofChina’scontemporarypublication.Asawell-knownpublishinghouseenjoyinggreatprestigebothathomeandabroad,ithasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothepropagationofcultureandtheintroductionofnewknowledge.Bookspublishedbyitincludevariouscategoriesofpublicationsrelativetosocialscience,naturescience,appliedscience,artandliterature,children’sbooks,textbooks,dictionariesofChineseandforeignlanguages,differentkindsofmagazinesandspecializedreferencebooks,whichhaveexertedgreatinfluenceintheideological,culturalandeducationalcirclesofourcountry.

Communicationsatellitesystemshavebeenquiteasuccessinthepastdecades,evokingwidespreadattentiontotheirfuture.Somecountrieshavebeenusingsatellitesfordomesticcommunicationsinplaceofconventionaltelephonelinesonland.Butsatellites’development,launchingandoperationaresocostlythatsomecountriescan’tafford.Inspiteofallthis,communicationsatellitesaregainingattentionandsupportfrommoreandmorepeople.Thetechniqueseemslikelytobemorewidelyutilizedinthefuture.

2.单选题

Shehadsaidlittlesofar,respondingonlybrieflywhen____.

问题1选项

A.speaking

B.spokento

C.spoken

D.speakingto

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.speaking说（现在分词）B.spokento交谈（过去分词）

C.spoken说（过去分词）D.speakingto交谈（现在分词）

【答案】B

【考查点】非谓语动词

【解题思路】原句句意为“到目前为止，她说得很少，只是在____时才简短地回复了一下。”根据句意可得，她话很少，只有别人跟她说话时，她才简短地回复一下；并且“她”不是主动说话的一方，而是被动接话的一方，因此，应该使用speakto“交谈”的过去分词形式，B选项spokento“交谈（过去分词）”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项speaking“说（现在分词）”，指说……，不表示跟某人交谈；

C选项spoken“说（过去分词）”，指说……，不表示跟某人交谈；

D选项speakingto“交谈（现在分词）”，现在分词表主动，不符合原句句意。

【句意】到目前为止，她说得很少，只是别人跟她说话时，才简短地回复了一下。

3.单选题

Inmostdevelopedcountries,menhavehighersalaries,onaverage,thanwomen.Muchofthesalarydifferentialresultsfromthetendencyofwomentobeinlower-payingoccupations.Thequestionofwhetherthisoccupationalemploymentpatterncanbeattributedtosexdiscriminationisacomplexone.Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.SuccessfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNoblePrize-winningacademics;giftedartistsoftencannotearnenoughtosurvive,whilemediocreinvestmentbankersprosper.Givensuchdifferences,thequestionnaturallyarises:talentandabilitybeingequal,whydoesanyone—manorwoman—enteralow-payingoccupation?Oneobviousanswerispersonalchoice.Anindividualmayprefer,forexample,toteachmathatamodestsalaryratherthantobecomeamorehighlypaidelectricalengineer.

Somepeoplearguethatpersonalchoicealsoexplainssex-relatedwagedifferentials.Accordingtothisexplanation,manywomen,becausetheyplaceahighpriorityonparentingandperforminghouseholdservices,choosecertaincareersinwhichtheyarefreetoenterandleavetheworkforcewithminimumpenalty.Theymaychoosetoacquireskills,suchastypingandsalesclerking,thatdonotdepreciaterapidlywithtemporaryabsencesfromtheworkforce.Theymayavoidoccupationalspecialtiesthatrequireextensivetrainingperiods,longandunpredictablehours,andwillingnesstorelocate,allofwhichmakespecializationindomesticactivitiesproblematic.Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.

Analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwagedifferentialsisthatwomendonotvoluntarilychooselower-payingoccupationsbutareforcedintothembyemployersandsocialprejudices.Accordingtoproponentsofthisview,employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.Moregenerally,subtlesociety-wideprejudicesmayinducewomentoavoidcertainoccupationsinfavorofothersthatareconsideredmoresuitable.Indeed,the“choice”ofwomentospecializeinparentingandperforminghouseholdservicesmayitselfresultfromthesesubtleprejudices.Whetherthediscriminationisbyemployersinaparticularoccupationorbysocietyasawholeisirrelevant;theeffectwillbethesame.Further,ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.

1.Instatingthat“successfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNobelPrize-winningacademics”,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Whichoneofthefollowingcasesisleastlikelytoinvolvesexdiscrimination,asitisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthebestcompletionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsexdiscriminationasanexplanationforwagedifferentialscanbestbecharacterizedas（

）.

5.Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Demonstratethateducationhaslittletodowithmakingmoney

B.Suggestthatpeoplewithtalentandabilityshouldnotenterlow-payingoccupations

C.Showthathighlypaidoccupationsgenerallyrequirelonghoursandextensivetraining

D.Giveanexampleofhowcertainoccupationsarebetterpaidthanothersregardlessofinherentworthortalentrequired

问题2选项

A.Anemployerhiresamanratherthananequallyqualifiedwoman.

B.Awomanchoosestoenterahigh-payingoccupationthatuseshertalentandability.

C.Awomanchoosesanoccupationthatisalreadydominatedbywomen.

D.Awomanchoosesalow-payingjobthatallowshertodevotemoretimetoherfamily.

问题3选项

A.Wagedifferentialswillbecomemoreexaggeratedandeconomicparitybetweenmenandwomenlessandlesspossible.

B.Unlesssocietychangesitsviews,womenmayneverescapetheconfinesofthefewoccupationsdesignated“ForWomenOnly”.

C.Thequestionis:howlongwillwomenallowthemselvestobeexcludedfrommale-dominatedoccupations?

D.Inthelastanalysis,womenmayneedtoaskthemselvesiftheycanreallyaffordtoallowsexdiscriminationtocontinue.

问题4选项

A.skepticalthatdiscriminationisafactor

B.criticalofsociety’sacceptanceofdiscrimination

C.convincedthattheproblemwillgetworse

D.neutralwithrespecttoitsvalidity

问题5选项

A.WageDifferentialsBetweenMenandWomen

B.WomeninLow-PayingOccupations:DoTheyHaveaChoice?

C.Homevs.Office:HowDoestheModemWomenChoose?

D.TheRoleofSocialPrejudiceinWomen’sCareers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。“Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.事实上，职业之间的工资差距是常态，而不是例外”与D项“举例说明某些职业的薪水如何比其他职业高，而不考虑其内在价值或所需的才能。”相符。

2.细节事实题。定位到最后一段开头“employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.歧视女性的雇主可能会拒绝为薪酬相对较高的女性安排工作”以及“Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根据这一解释，妇女选择减少对发展其职业潜力的投资，减少在家庭以外的努力，就必须付出工资较低的代价。但是妇女不能被认为是歧视的受害者，因为她们更喜欢低收入的职业而不是高收入的职业。”可知D项“女人选择一份薪水低的工作，这样她就能有更多的时间来陪伴家人。”是自愿的行为。

3.推理判断题。“ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.如果这种歧视真的发生了，那么女性之间的竞争会扩大，这样以女性为主的公司就会有工资方面的问题。”由全文可知性别差异导致工资差异不断扩大，女性和男女经济平等是越来越不可能的事情。A项“工资差距将变得越来越大，男女经济平等的可能性越来越小。”符合题意。

4.观点态度题。纵观全文，都是不同的人对性别差异这个问题在进行探讨“somepeopleargue”或者“analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwage”,作者对该问题的态度并没有清晰地表现出来。

5.主旨大意题。由Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根据这一解释，妇女选择减少对发展其职业潜力的投资，减少在家庭以外的努力，就必须付出工资较低的代价。但是妇女不能被认为是歧视的受害者，因为她们更喜欢低收入的职业而不是高收入的职业。”可知本文主要是围绕女性对于低收入的问题探讨，女性自愿选择低收入工作，是因为要教育小孩和做家务活。B项“从事低收入职业的女性：她们有选择的余地吗?”符合题意。

4.单选题

ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.

问题1选项

A.incident

B.accident

C.thing

D.matter

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项incidentn.事件，事变，插曲；B选项accidentn.事故，意外；C选项thingn.事情，东西，情况；D选项mattern.物质，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尴尬的事让他们非常失望，这为英国人的好客树立了一个不好的典范。因此，正确答案为A项。

5.单选题

Theincreasingpopularityofthemotorcycleasaconvenience,economicalformoftransportationhasbeenjustshortofastounding.

问题1选项

A.popularity

B.convenience

C.form

D.justshort

【答案】B

【解析】根据题中的“economical”可知，B项的convenience应该用形容词形式，构成一个并列关系，都用来修饰form，句意：摩托车作为一种经济方便的交通形式正在日益普及，真是令人震惊。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Thecrowd（）intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

问题1选项

A.outgrew

B.overthrew

C.overpassed

D.overflew

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项outgrew“过大而不适于，出生，长大成熟而不再”；B选项overthrew“扔出，抛出”；C选项overpassed“通过，度过”；D选项overflew“（尤指液体）溢出，（容器）满得溢出，挤满人了，淹没”。句意：人群（）了大厅，有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大厅”，因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

TheirsigningofthetreatywasregardedasconspiracyagainsttheBritishCrown.

问题1选项

A.secretplan

B.boldattack

C.cleverdesign

D.jointeffort

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项secretplan“密谋”；B选项boldattack“大胆的攻击”；C选项cleverdesign“巧妙的设计”；D选项jointeffort“共同的努力”。句意：他们签署条约的行为被认为是反对英国王室的阴谋。A选项secretplan“密谋”和conspiracy“密谋”同义，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,suchasU.S.Treasurysecurities.AlotofattentionhasfocusedonChina,buttheproblemislargerthanChinaalone.

Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits.Countriesdowhattheydobest.Poorcountriessellinexpensivelabor-intensivegoodstowealthycountriesandbuysophisticatedknowledge-intensivegoods.Livingstandardsinallcountriesrise.Someworkersandindustriesmaytemporarilylose,butmostconsumersbenefitandmostworkersareultimatelyre-employedintrade-competitiveindustries.Tradedoesn’tpermanentlydestroyjobs;spendingiscircular.

Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses.Tradecanbecomeaneconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer.Toomanysellerschasetoofewbuyers.Countriescompeteforbiggersharesofstagnantmarketsandtrytoshiftunemploymentabroad.Agreat,ifsilent,strugglehasbegun.Fordecades,expandingtradepromotedglobalprogress.Itreducedpovertyandspreadprosperity.Butifthetradingsystemcan’tsolveitsbasicproblem-over-relianceontheUSmarketitcouldfosterpoliticaldivisionandeconomicvulnerabilityforall.Tradingpatternsmustbecomemorebalancedandsustainable.

1.SomebigLatinAmericacountriesare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcertainregionaleconomyisTRUE?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thefreetradesystemwillcollapsewhen（）.

4.Theauthorstronglyadvocatesthatasustainablefreetradesystem（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmainlydealswith（）.

问题1选项

A.exportingmoreforenoughforeigncurrencytopaytheirdebt

B.exportingsurplusesastoreserveenoughpreciousUSdollars

C.usingUSdollarstopayalltheirinternationalanddomesticdebts

D.usingexportingasaneffectivewayfortheireconomicprosperity

问题2选项

A.Europemayhelpthefutureworldtradeexpansion.

B.LatinAmerica'sdebtwouldhinderitsexportcapacity

C.Asiamayenhancetradeexpansionbutnotspendingmuch

D.Africafindsithardtoemergeinworld-tradeexpansion

问题3选项

A.tradebecameeconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer

B.countriestriedtoshifttheirunemploymenttoothernations

C.worldtradeoverreliedonthevulnerableU.S.market

D.toomanycountriesarenotimportingmuchfromothercountries

问题4选项

A.shouldbechangedthroughinternationalcollaborations

B.willdefinitelybecomeaneconomicdepressantworldwide

C.requiresacircularityofbothimportingandexporting

D.shouldencouragebuyingmorefromtrade-competitiveindustries

问题5选项

A.economicbalanceandsustainability

B.economiccollapseandpotentialcrisis

C.tradecompetitionagainstU.S.market

D.worldwideeconomicachievementtoday

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbled,andtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars—torepaytheirinternationalloans.可知，拉丁美洲也处于类似的境地。许多大国(比如阿根廷，巴西)都背负着沉重的债务，经济增长举步维艰，他们努力争取出口盈余——赚取宝贵的美元——以偿还国际贷款。因此，选项A“出口更多赚外币来偿还债务”符合原文，故本题正确答案为A项。

2.推理判断题。根据原文第三段Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings可知，这些国家都是出口大国；他们似乎在争取永久的贸易顺差，并囤积过剩的出口收入。因此，可推测选项C“亚洲可能加强贸易扩张，但不会花太多”正确。

3.推理判断题。题干询问：根据作者观点，当……时，自由贸易系统会崩溃。根据原文最后一段Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses可知，如果太多国家囤积，自由贸易的逻辑就会崩溃。因此，结合上下文可推测D选项“太多国家从没有从其他国家大量进口”正确。

4.推理判断题。由原文第四段Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits可知，以往的交易系统缺乏循环性。自由贸易存在的正当之处就是大家最终都能受益。这说明作者认为可持续发展的自由贸易具有循环性。因此，可推测C选项“要求进口和出口的循环”正确。故本题正确答案为C项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问，最后一段主要讲的内容是什么？综合分析可知，文章最后一段主要讨论了贸易在何时会崩溃以及目前国际贸易太依赖美国市场所导致的隐含危机。因此，B选项“经济崩溃和潜在危机”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为B选项。

9.案例题

Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,fromgas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld'sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.

Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.

Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.

Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexhaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.

Willwereally,astoday'sscientist'sclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?

Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”

Livinglonger

AnthonyAttala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,believesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.

BruceLehn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce”unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient'simmune-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.

Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andallowingthemtodevelopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal'sown.ButProf.Lehnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse'sandweprobablydon'twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”

RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop”authenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:”It'sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday'speopleintheir60s”

Aliens

ConlinPillinger,professorofplanetarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidstarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites（陨石）.

ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA'sAmesResearchCenter.Believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentfortsofMarsoronotherplaners.

Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.

PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddeform2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.

Hesays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesislikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.

Coloniesinspace

RichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.

“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniesoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammedrunsout.”

Spinalinjuries

EllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinjuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflictedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.

Shesays:''Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprescribedrugsthatcausesevered（断裂的）spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregroup.''

‘‘Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplacingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictsthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegroundandlimbswillstarttoberegroundafewyearslater.Repairstothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,''Prof.HeberKatzadds.

Obesity

SydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NobelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolutionwillfavorsmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity，”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”

Robots

RodneyBrooks,professorofroboticatMitosestheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”

Energy

BillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifornia,says:"Themostsignificantbreakthroughwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”

Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarning.

Society

GeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says^"TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite（前提）forordinaryhumandecency.

“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”

Healsopredictsthat“absurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeunfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.

Thisthreechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusallbrighter,wiser,happierandkinder”.

1.WhatisJohnLingam'sreportabout?

A.Asolutiontotheglobalenergycrisis.

B.Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.

C.Thelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscience.

D.Scientists'visionoftheworldinhalfcentury.

2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture（）.

A.Mayinvitetrouble

B.Maynotcometrue

C.Willfoolthepublic

D.Domoreharmthangood

3.ProfessorBruceLehnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat（）.

A.Humanswon'thavetodonateorgansfortransplantation

B.Morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantation

C.Animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodies

D.Organtransplantationwon'tbeasscaryasitistoday

4.AccordingtoProfessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMishear,propelwill（）.

A.Lifeforaslongastheywish

B.Berelievedfromallsufferings

C.Lifeto100andmorewithvitality

D.Beabletolivelongerthanwhales

5.PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksthat（）.

A.Scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartoours

B.HumanswillbeabletosettleonMars

C.Alienlifewilllikelybediscovered

D.LifewillstarttoevolveonMars

6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans（）.

A.Mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearth

B.Mightacquireamplenaturalresources

C.WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreely

D.Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife

7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,predictsthat（）.

A.Humanorganscanbutmanufacturedlikeappliances

B.Peoplewillbeasstronganddynamicassupermen

C.Humannervescanbereplacedbyopticfibers

D.Lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregroup

8.RodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencefor（）.

9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan'tbeusedtomake（）.

10.AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof（）.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.A

4.C

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.artificialintelligence

9.weapons

10.religion

【解析】1.

根据第一段的最后一句"JohnInghamre