考研考博-英语-山东海事职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东海事职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

问题1选项

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.verdict

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quarrel“争执”；B选项suspicion“怀疑”C选项verdict“结论，裁定”；D选项controversy“辩论，论战”。句意：在几次核事故后，（）在关于核能源安全问题上的（）开始激烈。这里根据关键词rage，固而答案选D。quarrel是指人与人之间相互产生了不愉快的事情产生的争论、吵架，所以不能选。

2.单选题

AlthoughthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUniteStatesaresuperficiallysimilar,theydifferprofoundlyintheirapproachestoandusesoflegalreasons:substantivereasonsaremorecommonthanformalreasonsintheUnitedStates,whereasinEnglandthereverseistrue.Thisdistinctionreflectsadifferenceinthevisionsoflawthatprevailinthetwocountries.InEnglandthelawhastraditionallybeenviewedasasystemofrules;theUnitedStatesfavorsavisionoflawasanoutwardexpressionofthecommunity’ssenseofrightandjustice.

Substantivereasons,asappliedtolaw,arebasedonmoral,economic,political,andotherconsiderations.Thesereasonsarefoundboth“inthelaw”and“outsidethelaw,”sotospeak.Substantivereasonsinformthecontentofalargepartofthelaw:constitutions,statutes,contracts,verdicts,andthelike.Consider,forexample,astatuteprovidingthat“novehiclesshallbetakenintopublicparks.”Supposethatnospecificrationalesorpurposeswereexplicitlywrittenintothisstatute,butthatitwasclear(fromitslegislativehistory)thatthesubstantivepurposeofthestatutewastoensurequietandsafetyinthepark.Nowsupposethataveterans’groupmountsaWorldWarIIjeep(inrunningorderbutwithoutabattery)asawarmemorialonaconcreteslabinthepark,andchargesarebroughtagainstitsmembers.MostjudgesintheUnitedStateswouldfindthedefendantsnotguiltybecausewhattheydidhadnoadverseeffectonparkquietandsafety.

Formalreasonsaredifferentinthattheyfrequentlypreventsubstantivereasonsfromcomingintoplay,evenwhensubstantivereasonsareexplicitlyincorporatedintothelawathand.Forexample,whenadocumentfailstocomplywithstipulatedrequirements,thecourtmayrenderthedocumentlegallyineffective.Awillrequiringwrittenwitnessmaybedeclarednullandvoidand,therefore,unenforceablefortheformalreasonthattherequirementwasnotobserved.Oncethelegalrule—thatawillisinvalidforlackofproperwitnessing—hasbeenclearlyestablished,andthelegalityoftheruleisnotinquestion,applicationofthatruleprecludesfromconsiderationsubstantiveargumentsinfavorofthewillsvalidityorenforcement.

LegalscholarsinEnglandandtheUnitedStateshavelongbemusedthemselveswithextremeexamplesofformalandsubstantivereasoning.Ontheonehand,formalreasoninginEnglandhasledtowoodeninterpretationsofstatutesandunwillingnesstodevelopthecommonlawthroughjudicialactivism.Ontheotherhand,freewheelingsubstantivereasoningintheUnitedStateshasresultedinstatutoryinterpretationssoliberalthatthetextsofsomestatuteshavebeenignoredaltogether.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

52.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglishjudgeswouldbelikelytofindtheveterans’groupdiscussedinthesecondparagraphguiltyofviolatingthestatutebecause______.

53.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

54.TheauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatinEnglishlawasubstantiveinterpretationofalegalrulemightbewarrantedunderwhichoneofthefollowingcircumstances?

55.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutsubstantivereasonsistrue?

问题1选项

A.AnanalysisofsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUnitedStates.

B.AcontrastbetweenthetypesofreasonsembodiedintheUnitedStatesandEnglishlegalsystems.

C.Anexplanationofhowtwodistinctvisionsofthelawshapedthedevelopmentoflegalatoning.

D.Apresentationoftwotypesoflegalreasonsthatshowsthecharacteristicstheyhaveincommon.

问题2选项

A.nottodosowouldencourageotherstoactasthegroupdid

B.theveteransfailedtodemonstratethattheiractivitieshadnoadverseeffectonthepublic

C.theveteransfailedtocomplywiththestipulatedrequirementsofthestatute

D.theveteransfailedtocomplywiththesubstantivepurposeofthestatute

问题3选项

A.Itpresentstheconsequencesofextremeinterpretationsofthetwotypesoflegalreasonsdiscussedbytheauthor.

B.Itshowshowlegalscholarscanincorrectlyuseextremeexamplestosupporttheirviews.

C.Itpresentsscholars’characterizationsofbothlegalsystemsthatareonlypartiallycorrect.

D.Itsuggestshowcharacterizationsofthetwotypesoflegalreasonscanbecomeconvolutedandinaccurate.

问题4选项

A.Socialconditionshavechangedtotheextentthattocontinuetoenforcetherulewouldbetodecidecontrarytopresent-daysocialnorms.

B.Individualswhohaveviolatedthelegalrulearguethatapplicationoftherulewouldleadtounfairjudicialinterpretations.

C.Superiorcourtjudgeshaveconsistentlyruledindecisionsregardingtheinterpretationofthelegalrule.

D.Thelegalityoftheruleisinquestionanditsenforcementisopentojudicialinterpretation.

问题5选项

A.Theymustbeexplicitlywrittenintothelawinordertoberelevanttotheapplicationofthelaw.

B.Theyoftenprovidejudgeswithspecificrationalesfordisregardingthelawsoftheland.

C.Theyarelegalinnatureanddetermineparticularapplicationsofmostlaws.

D.Theymaybewrittenintolaws,buttheymayalsoexertanexternalinfluenceonthelaw.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】51.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“下列哪个选项最好地描述了整篇文章的内容？”。文章首段前两句提到AlthoughthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUniteStatesaresuperficiallysimilar,theydifferprofoundlyintheirapproachestoandusesoflegalreasons:substantivereasonsaremorecommonthanformalreasonsintheUnitedStates,whereasinEnglandthereverseistrue.（虽然英美两国的法律制度在表面上是相似的，但在对待和使用法律理由方面却有着深刻的不同：在美国，实质理由比形式理由更为普遍，而在英国，情况恰恰相反。），根据这两个句子可知全文是围绕英美两国在在法律上不同的理由类型展开讨论的，因此B项“英美法律制度中所体现的理由类型之对比”符合题意。A项“英美两国法律制度的异同分析”，文中没有提到英美两国的法律制度，只在开头提到了AlthoughthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUniteStatesaresuperficiallysimilar（虽然英美两国的法律制度在表面上是相似的），但是是为了引出下文对法律理由方面的论述；C项“解释两种不同的法律视角如何塑造了法律赎罪的发展”太片面；D项“介绍两种类型的法律理由，以显示它们的共同特征”，前半句正确，后半句错误，文章没有介绍两种法律理由的共同特征。因此该题选B。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断，英国法官很可能会发现第二段中讨论的退伍军人组织违反了法律，因为……”。文章中第二段最后两句提到Nowsupposethataveterans’groupmountsaWorldWarIIjeep(inrunningorderbutwithoutabattery)asawarmemorialonaconcreteslabinthepark,andchargesarebroughtagainstitsmembers.MostjudgesintheUnitedStateswouldfindthedefendantsnotguiltybecausewhattheydidhadnoadverseeffectonparkquietandsafety.（现在假设一个退伍军人组织把一辆二战吉普车（正常运行，但没有电池）放在公园的混凝土板上作为战争纪念碑，其成员就会受到指控。大多数美国法官认为被告无罪，因为他们的行为对公园的安静和安全没有负面影响。），由此可知美国的实质法律理由不会认为被告无罪是因为他们没有在实质上对公园的安静和安全造成影响；所以由此可以推断，以形式法律理由为主的英国法官可能会认为被告因为没有遵循规定要求而有罪；故C项“退伍军人没有遵守法令规定的要求”，正确。A项“如果不这样做，就会鼓励其他国家效仿该组织的做法”，文中没有提到。B项“退伍军人没能证明他们的活动对公众没有负面影响”，即使他们证明了也仍然会判为违反法律，因为英国是形式法律理由，而不是实质理由。D项“退伍军人没有遵守法令的实质目的”，这是实质理由的内容，与题干不符。因此该题选C。

53.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“下列哪一项最好地描述了文章最后一段的功能？”。根据题干定位到文章最后一段的内容LegalscholarsinEnglandandtheUnitedStateshavelongbemusedthemselveswithextremeexamplesofformalandsubstantivereasoning.Ontheonehand,formalreasoninginEnglandhasledtowoodeninterpretationsofstatutesandunwillingnesstodevelopthecommonlawthroughjudicialactivism.Ontheotherhand,freewheelingsubstantivereasoningintheUnitedStateshasresultedinstatutoryinterpretationssoliberalthatthetextsofsomestatuteshavebeenignoredaltogether.（长期以来，英国和美国的法律学者一直用形式推理和实质推理的极端例子来麻痹自己。一方面，英国的形式推理导致了对成文法的呆板解释，以及不愿通过司法能动主义发展习惯法。另一方面，美国随心所欲的实质性推理导致了法律解释太随意，以至于一些法规的文本被完全忽视。），由此可以推断，最后一段的内容提出了这两类法律理由极端解释的后果，因此A项“它提出了作者所讨论的两类法律原因的极端解释的后果”正确。B项“它显示了法律学者如何错误地使用极端的例子来支持他们的观点”，最后一段对于法律学者如何错误地使用极端的例子来支持他们的观点没有做详细描述，所以该项错误。C项“它提出了学者们对两种法律制度的描述只是部分正确”和D项“它暗示了这两类法律原因的特征是如何变得令人费解和不准确的”都比较片面。因此该题选A。

54.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章作者建议，在英国法中，在下列哪一种情况下，可能需要对法律规则进行实质性的解释？”。第三段最后一句提到Oncethelegalrule—thatawillisinvalidforlackofproperwitnessing—hasbeenclearlyestablished,andthelegalityoftheruleisnotinquestion，applicationofthatruleprecludesfromconsiderationsubstantiveargumentsinfavorofthewill'svalidityorenforcement.（一旦法律规则——遗嘱因缺乏适当的证人而无效——已经明确确立，规则的合法性也不存在问题，该规则的适用就阻止了支持遗嘱有效性或强制执行的实质性论据的考虑。），由此可推断，当规则的合法性存在问题的时候就会需要进一步的解释；所以D项“该规则的合法性受到质疑，其执行也有待司法解释”符合题意。A项“社会条件已经发生了很大的变化，如果继续执行这一规则，就会违背当今的社会规范”这与题干无关；B项“违反法律规则的个人认为，适用该规则将导致不公平的司法解释”没有提到；C项“高等法院的法官一贯在有关法律规则解释的判决中作出裁决”，内容与英国的形式法律理由不符。因此该题选D。

55.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章，下列关于实质理由的陈述哪一个是正确的？”。文章第二段前两句提到Substantivereasons,asappliedtolaw,arebasedonmoral,economic,political,andotherconsiderations.Thesereasonsarefoundboth“inthelaw”and“outsidethelaw”（适用于法律的实质性原因是基于道德、经济、政治和其他考虑。可以这么说，这些原因既存在于“法律之内”，也存在于“法律之外”。），由此可知实质性原因可以写在法律之中，也可以对法律施加外部压力，故D项“它们可能被写入法律，但它们也可能对法律施加外部影响”符合题意。A项“它们必须明确地写入法律，以便与法律的适用有关”太绝对；B项“它们常常为法官提供无视法律的具体理由”和C项“它们在本质上是合法的，并决定大多数法律的特定适用”都比较片面，只是实质理由的一方面。因此该题选D。

3.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Whentheobjectsofaninquiry,inanydepartment,haveprinciples,causes,orelements,itisthroughacquaintancewiththesethatknowledgeandunderstandingisattained.Forwedonotthinkthatweknowathinguntilweareacquaintedwithitsprimarycausesorfirstprinciples,andhavecarriedouranalysisasfarasitselements.Plainly,therefore,inthescienceofnaturetooourfirsttaskwillbetotrytodeterminewhatrelatestoitsprinciples.Thenaturalwayofdoingthisistostartfromthethingswhicharemoreknowableandcleartousandproceedtowardsthosewhichareclearerandmoreknowablebynature,forthesamethingsarenotknowablerelativelytousandknowablewithoutqualification.Sowemustfollowthismethodandadvancefromwhatismoreobscurebynature,butclearertous,towardswhatisclearerandmoreknowablebynature.Nowwhatistousplainandclearatfirstisratherconfusedmasses,theelementsandprinciplesofwhichbecomeknowntouslaterbyanalysis.

【答案】在任何领域，当研究对象有其存在的原理、因素或元素时，只有通过了解这些事物，才能获得知识和理解。因为只有当我们知道某事物的主要成因或基本原理，并对其组成元素进行进一步分析时，我们才可以称我们了解该事物。因此，很明显，在自然科学中，我们的首要任务将是设法确定各原理之间的联系。这样做的自然方式是从对我们来说更清晰易知的事物开始，然后延伸至本质上更加清晰易知的事物，因为对我们来说，同样事物的可知性并不是相当的，并且也不是没有限制的。因此，我们必须遵循这一方法，从本质上模糊但对自己来说更加清楚的事物，发展到本质上既清晰又易知的事物中去。现在对我们来说，最简单明了的事物对大众来说是十分疑惑，其要素和原理可以通过后期的分析而为人们所了解。

4.单选题

Theyhavenotseentheiruncle（）1975.

问题1选项

A.until

B.since

C.in

D.from

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查介词用法。A选项until“直到……为止，到时”，B选项since“自……以后，从……以来”，C选项in“包含在……之内”，D选项from“从……起，从……开始”。句意：他们直到1975年才见到他们的叔叔。因此，A选项符合句意。

5.单选题

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

问题1选项

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。

6.单选题

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobenomorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorgetintouchwiththesupernatural-perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda“singer”toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingonthefloor.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwon’tharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singers”.ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisfingersontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor,withasteadyhandandgreatpatience.Heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Agoodtitleforthisarticlemightbe______.

2.Thepurposeofhealingceremonyis______.

3.The“singer”rubsandonthepatientbecause_______.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Itcanbeinferredthat______.

问题1选项

A.ModernArt

B.TheNavahoIndian

C.Sandpainting

D.Medicine

问题2选项

A.topleasuresupernaturalpowers

B.toattractsupernaturalpowers

C.tofrightensupernaturalpowers

D.tocreateasandpainting

问题3选项

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithasmedicalvalue

C.itdecoratesthepatient

D.itisoneofthespecialprocessoftheceremony

问题4选项

A.paint

B.beachsand

C.crushedsandstone

D.flour

问题5选项

A.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisnothingbutakindofart

B.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisonlyahealingmethod

C.theNavahounderstandssandpaintingasakindofrelaxation

D.theNavahotakessandpaintingasapurepleasureoftheirlife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.（美国西南部纳瓦霍印第安人的沙画就是这样。它们既有药用价值也有艺术价值。）”，并且全文都在描写沙画的药用和艺术价值，因此C选项“沙画”正确。A选项“现代艺术”；B选项“纳瓦霍印第安人”以及D选项“药物”都不符合文章大意，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda‘singer’toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.（为了摆脱这种情况，病人或他的亲属将雇用一个被称为“歌手”的医生来执行治愈仪式，用来吸引超自然力量生物。）”，由此可知B选项“吸引超自然力量”正确。A选项“享受超自然力量”；C选项“吓唬超自然力量”不符合文意，D选项“创建沙画”并不是举行治愈仪式的目的，而是一种手段，因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe‘singer’willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.（在仪式的最后一天，患者将坐在这幅沙画上，‘歌手’将从沙画中的特定人物身上摩擦患者身体的患病部位。通过这种方式，病人吸收了那个特殊超自然存在的力量，变得强壮起来。）”，由此可知A选项“病人从沙子中获得力量”正确。B选项“它有医疗价值”；C选项“装饰病人”都不符合文意，D选项“这是仪式的一个特殊过程”并不能作为往病人身上擦沙子的原因，因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.（使用的材料很容易在纳瓦霍人定居的地方找到：棕色、红色、黄色和白色的砂岩，这些砂岩被磨碎，就像玉米被磨成面粉一样。）”，由此可知沙画是由碎沙岩的沙子组成的，因此C选项“碎沙岩”正确。A选项“油漆”；B选项“沙滩上的沙子”以及D选项“面粉”都不符合文意，因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。结合文章第二段以及第三段中的“ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis...（传统的纳瓦霍人不允许复制沙画，因为他相信教会他这一技艺的超自然力量禁止了这一行为……）”可知，在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只是一种治愈超自然力量的手段，并没有意识到它的艺术价值，从他们禁止复制沙画这一举措就可看出。因此B选项“在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只是一种治疗方法”说法正确。A选项“在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只不过是一种艺术”；C选项“纳瓦霍人认为沙画是一种放松”以及D选项“纳瓦霍人把沙画当作生活的纯粹乐趣”都不符合文意，因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Studentsshouldknowbetterthan（

）petslikedogs,catsandmouseatdormitory.

问题1选项

A.tofeed

B.feeding

C.tohavefed

D.fed

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。than后一般是接名词或者动名词短语形式的词，故四个选项只有B符合语境。句意为：学生应该知道最好不要在宿舍里养狗、猫和老鼠之类的宠物。

8.单选题

EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistiC.Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyager2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.Thebiggestinitialsurprisewasthealmosttotallackofdetail,especiallyfromfaraway.Evenatcloserange,theonlyvisiblefeaturesarethin,kinkedbrownlinesresemblingcracksinaneggshell.Andthisanalogyisnotfaroffthemark.

ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.TheinteriorofEuropahasbeenkeptwarmovertheeonsbytidalforcesgeneratedbythevaryinggravitationaltugsoftheotherbigmoonsastheywheelaroundJupiter.ThetidesonEuropapullandrelaxinanendlesscycle.Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.

SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.LifeprocessescouldhavebegunwhenJupiterwasreleasingavaststoreofinternalheat.Jupiter'searlyheatwasproducedbythecompressionofthematerialformingthegiantplanet.JustastheSunisfarlessradianttodaythantheprimalSun,sotheinternalheatgeneratedbyJupiterisminorcomparedtoitsformerintensity.Duringthiswarmphase,some4.6billionyearsago,Europa’soceanmayhavebeenliquidrighttothesurface,makingitacrucibleforlife.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatastronomytextbookspriorto1979_____.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropaandAntarcticahaveincommonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheeffectofJupiter'sotherlargemoonsonEuropa?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Voyager2’simagesledresearcherstodevelopwhichofthefollowingtheories?

问题1选项

A.TheeffectofthetidesonEuropa’sinterior

B.TemperaturevariationsonJupiter’smoons

C.DiscoveriesleadingtoatheoryaboutoneofJupiter’smoons

D.TechniquesusedbyVoyager2toobtainclose-upimages

问题2选项

A.providedmanycontradictorystatisticsaboutEuropa

B.consideredEuropathemostimportantofJupiter'smoons

C.didnotemphasizeEuropabecauselittleinformationofinterestwasavailable

D.didnotmentionEuropabecauseithadnotyetbeendiscovered

问题3选项

A.Bothmayhavewaterbeneathathin,hardsurface

B.Bothappeartohaveasurfacewithmanycraters

C.Bothhaveanicecapthatismeltingrapidly

D.Bothhaveareasencasedbyarockyexterior

问题4选项

A.TheypreventtidesthatcoulddamageEuropa’ssurface

B.TheypreventEuropa’ssubsurfacewatersfromfreezing

C.TheyproducetheveryhardlayeroficethatcharacterizesEuropa

D.TheyassurethatthegravitationalpullonEuropaismaintainedatasteadylevel

问题5选项

A.Jupitermaybehottertodaythanitoncewas

B.Europaisfarolderthanscientistsoriginallythought

C.Europa’stemperatureismaintainedbyJupiter’svaststoreofinternalheat

D.TheoceanwatersofEuropacouldcontainsomeformsoflife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要说明了一些关于木卫二的理论，因此C选项“这些发现导致了关于木星一颗卫星的理论”正确。A选项“潮汐对木卫二内部的影响”，B选项“木星卫星上的温度变化”，D选项“旅行者2号用来获得特写图像的技术”对应的都是文章中的一段，不全面。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistic.”，中文翻译为：木卫二是木星四个最大的卫星中最小的，也是木星的第二个卫星。直到1979年，这只是天文学教科书上的数据。知C选项“没有强调木卫二是因为没有什么有趣的信息”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段“ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.”，中文翻译为：木卫二的表面几乎是纯净的水冰，但几乎完全没有陨石坑，这表明木卫二的表面冰类似于地球的南极冰盖。蛋壳的类比可能相当准确，因为冰层可能只有几公里厚——一个真正的外壳，围绕着一个可能是地下液态海洋的地方，而这个海洋反过来又包裹着一个岩石核心。因此，A选项“两者在薄而坚硬的表面下都可能有水”正确。

4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.”，中文翻译为：由此产生的内部热量使原本可能是冰的东西几乎融化到表面。在木卫二冰冷的表面上有类似裂缝的痕迹，似乎是水或泥浆从下面渗出的裂缝。故B选项“它们可以防止木卫二的地下水结冰。”最符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位尾段“SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.”，中文翻译为：1979年，“旅行者2号”与木星相遇，获得了木卫二的最佳图像，之后不久，研究人员提出了一个令人吃惊的想法，即木卫二的地下海洋可能孕育着生命。可以得知D选项“木卫二的海水可能含有某种生命形式。”正确。

9.单选题

InMarch1974oneofthemostastonishingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthetwentiethcenturywasunearthedinthecountyofLintong,ShaanxiProvince.Anentirearmyoflife-sizedwarriorsandhorses,buriedformorethan2,200years,begantobeuncovered.Thesereplicashadbeenplacedintrenchesaroundthestill-unexcavatedtombofQinshihuang,theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty(221-207B.C.).Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.Mostwereobviouslyintendedasindividualportraits.

Theheadshapesofthesefiguresandtheexpressionsontheirfaceswere,moreorless,individualized,andsoeachmancouldbeidentifiedastohisplaceofregionalorigin.Thesquare-faced,broad-foreheaded,prominent-cheekbone,heavy-featured,big-mouthedandwide-cheekedonesweremodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi.Theshorter,round-faced,sharp-chinned,andthin-lippedsoldiersweremodeledafterpersonsfromtheprovinceofSichuan.OtherswereclearlyfromGansu,andthereweresomewhoappearedtobemembersofvariousminoritiesinnorthwesternChina.Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.

TothesurpriseofbothChineseandWesternarchaeologists,afewoftheclaysoldiersshowednon-Chinesecharacteristics,possiblybeingpersonsfromasfarawayasArabiaorPersia.ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.

Yetacenturylaterthehistoricalrecorddoesindicatelimitedcontactwithforeigners.ThereisonereportintheannalsoftheEasternHanDynasty(A.D.25-220)ofaRomanjugglerwhoarrivedinChinabywayofBurmainA.D.109,andanotherofthearrivalofanenvoyfromMacedoniaataboutthesametime.AndtheRomanhistorianLuciusAnnaeusFlorusmentionsthecomingofaChineseenvoytoRomeasearlyasthereignofAugustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).

ButextensivecontactsbetweenChinaandtheWestdidn'treallybeginuntilthenorthernSilkRoadwasgraduallydevelopedafter138B.C.Thisoverlandroutestartedatpresent-dayXi'anandpassedthroughthe

WesternCorridorbeyondtheYellowRiver,Xinjiang,Farghana(nowUzbekistan),Persia(Iran)andTajik(Iraq)whereitmetwesternboundaryoftheRomanEmpire.

FormorethanathousandyearsthisnorthernSilkRoadprovidedarouteforcaravansthatbroughttoChinadates,saffronpowderandpistachionutsfromPersia;glassbottlesfromEgypt,andmanyotherexpensiveanddesirablegoodsfromotherpartsoftheworld.Andthecaravanswenthomewiththeircamelsandhorsesloadeddownbyboltsofsilkbrocadeandboxesfilledwithlacquerwareandporcelains.

AnotherSilkRoad,documentedinthegeographysectionofthe