考研考博-英语-山西职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thursdaymarkedthe42nd（）ofman’sfirststeponthemoon.

问题1选项

A.ceremony

B.decade

C.occasion

D.anniversary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ceremony“典礼，仪式，礼节”，B选项decade“十年，年代”，C选项occasion“时机，场合”，D选项anniversary“周年纪念日”。句意：星期四是人类踏上月球第42周年纪念日。因此，D选项符合句意。

2.单选题

Inminuteshehastakenoverthewhole（）,lyingunderthesinkandsquinting（眯眼看）upintothemachinery.

问题1选项

A.conscience

B.restraint

C.trial

D.enterprise

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。conscience道德,良心;restraint抑制,约束;trial试验,努力;enterprise企业,进取心。句意：几分钟后,他就接管了整个企业,躺在水池下面,眯着眼睛看着机器。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

（

）thefirsttousenuclearweapons.

问题1选项

A.AtnotimeChinawillbe

B.NeverChinawillbe

C.WillChinaneverbe

D.AtnotimewillChinabe

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装。句意：中国在任何时候都不会率先使用核武器。当具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。因此答案选D。

4.单选题

InthefaceofanuncooperativeCongress,theChiefExecutivemayfindhimself（

）toaccomplishthepoliticalprogramtowhichheiscommitted.

问题1选项

A.neutral

B.impotent

C.impudent

D.pious

【答案】B

【解析】neutral中立的；impotent无力的，无效的；impudent鲁莽的，无礼的；pious虔诚的，尽责的。句意：面对不合作的国会，行政长官可能会发现自己无力完成他所承诺的政治计划。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Itiscrucialthatabroadsetofpeople-notjusttechnologistsorthosewhohappentobeinthecomputerindustry（）inthedebateabouthowthistechnologyshouldbeshaped.

问题1选项

A.compensate

B.saturate

C.motivate

D.participate

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“赔偿，补偿”；saturate“浸透，使湿透”；motivate“刺激，使有动机”；participatein“参加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不仅仅技术员或那些碰巧在计算机领域工作的人参与到这项技术该如何发展的讨论中来。D项能与介词in搭配，且符合句意。

6.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

Itispracticallyimpossibletoimagineconstitutionallawwithoutdissent.TheveryfirstopinionintheCharterera—thePatriationReference—wasmarkedbyit.Dissentispowerfulandevocative,evenmythic;itsuggestsroadsnottakenandparalleluniverses.Itevokesafundamentaland,sometimes,unsettlingcontingencyaboutlaw.Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.

Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;andevensecurebroaderacceptanceofamajoritydecisionbyshowingthatitisaproductofdeliberation.

Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.Thetwomodelsarerichlyrepresentedinequalityjurisprudence.IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.

Thefactthatequalityjurisprudencehasbeencharacterizedbychronicdisagreementmightappearunfortunate.Butmyreviewofsection15caselawsuggeststhat,byprovidingthespacetofullyfleshoutpointsofdisagreement,dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality.BorrowingthelanguageofCassSunstein,Isuggestthatadividedequalitydecisionthatistheresultoffailuretoreachagreementon“deep”issuesispreferabletoonethat,asthepriceofunanimity,remains“shallow”.IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.

1.TheauthorlistedthefollowingpositiveaspectsofdissentBUT___.

2.Fromthethirdparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingBUT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatadividedequalitydecisionispreferablebecause___.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletopicfortheseparagraphs?

问题1选项

A.Itprovidesacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy

B.Itcanlaythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw

C.Itcanprovideanecessaryoutletfordisagreement

D.Itcanbedamagingtoacourt’slegitimacy

问题2选项

A.Theauthordiscussesthecasesinwhichthefunctionofdissentsisobviousintwoways

B.Thesubsequentcasesweredecidedbyconsensus

C.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiaisaconstitutionalcaserelatingtoSection15

D.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiawasnotdecidedunanimously

问题3选项

A.itcontributestoricheraccountsofequality

B.itisdeep

C.itisonthewholebetter

D.isfrustratinglydivided

问题4选项

A.TheDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

B.TheUpsideofDissent

C.TheUpsideofDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

D.TheEqualityJurisprudence

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.（它可能会造成问题，扰乱人们对法院如何“正确处理”的简单理解，从而损害法院的合法性）可知选D选项“它可能会损害法院的合法性”，D选项不属于积极的方面；根据题干关键词“positiveaspectsofdissent”定位到原文第二段Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;（然而，异议也有积极的一面。它可以：更好地阐明关键决策规则背后的规范和理解；对盛行的正统学说提供一种反叙事；为法律的未来发展奠定基础；为可能限制和挫败司法行为人的分歧提供一个必要的发泄途径）可知A选项“它是对主流正统观念的一种反驳”，B选项“可以为法律的未来发展奠定基础”，C选项“它可以为分歧提供一个必要的出口”都属于积极的方面。因此D选项符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.（在最高法院第15节的安德鲁斯诉不列颠哥伦比亚省法律协会案中，最高法院就法院应在多大程度上仔细审查立法上的差异这一功能问题存在分歧。在随后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识——这是一个原则问题）可知B选项“随后的案件由协商一致决定”不符合原文，原文只是提到在随后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含义达成共识，以及C选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案是与第15条有关的宪法案件”，D选项“安德鲁斯诉英属哥伦比亚法律协会案并不是一致决定的”符合原文；定位到原文第三段First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.（首先，我考察了不同意见在宪章判例中的两种表现方式：一种（功能性）与司法机关在宪法争端中的适当作用有关；另一个（原则性的）与规则和规范的确定、范围或适用有关）可知A选项“作者从两个方面讨论了不同意见的作用”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段最后一句IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.（我的结论是，魁北克（总检察长）诉A案的裁决是深刻的，而不是肤浅的，因此，尽管存在令人沮丧的分歧，但总体上比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好）可知选B选项“它是深刻的”，因为裁决更深刻，所以尽管有分歧，但总体上还是比之前许多一致通过的平等裁决要好，C选项“总体上比较好”错误，逻辑关系和原文相反，D选项“令人沮丧的分裂”逻辑关系错误；A选项“它有助于更丰富的平等的解释”在原文中提及，但并不是作者认为分割的平等决定更可取的原因，只是说dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality（不同意见有助于更丰富地解释平等）。因此B选项正确。

4.推理判断题。文章第一段提出宪法没有异议是不可能的，以及提到异议可能带来的问题，引出第二段，提出异议的积极面；第三段Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.（在这篇论文中，我提出了另一个可能的“积极面”，以关注魁北克（总检察长）诉案的问题：平等）可知，这一篇文章主要在讨论异议的积极面，以及基于全文在探讨法律的基调，则选C选项“平等法学中异议的正面”；A选项“平等法中的异议”，D选项“平等法理学”太过片面；B选项“异议的好处”范围太广，概括不如C选项精确。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Initsannualreport,thegovernmentsaidatleastnolessthan2,000peoplediedintrafficaccidents.

问题1选项

A.interval

B.later

C.yearly

D.remote

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。annual表示“年度的，每年的”；A项interval“间隔的”，B项later“随后的”，C项yearly“每年的”，D项remote“遥远的”。句意：政府在其年度报告中称，至少有2000人死于交通事故。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962,onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949.Steinbeckhadbeenconsideredonthoseoccasionsandalsoin1945.Asthehonorisbyfarthegreatestanywritercanreceive,Steinbeckwaselated.Thefeelingofelationwastemperedslightly,however,bytheobservationexpressedbySteinbeckin1956，thatrecipientsoftheNobelPrizeseldomwriteanythingofvalueafterwards.HecitedHemingwayandFaulknerasexamples,minimizingthepointthatbythetimeoftheirselectionmostwritershadalreadywrittentheirbestwork.Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself,Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe4*couldbeattherap'Likehiscontemporaries,andothersaswell,however,hedidnot.

Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature.

1.InwhatyearwasSteinbecksixtyyearsold?

2.Accordingtothepassage,Steinbeckwrotehisbestwork（

）.

3.Before1949,howmanyAmericanshadreceivedtheNobelPrizeforliterature?

4.Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase"doesso”refersto

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardJohnSteinbeck?

问题1选项

A.1949

B.1954

C.1956

D.1962

问题2选项

A.inanexpressivestyle

B.beforereceivingtheNobelPrize

C.whilehewasfeelingelated

D.guidedbyhiscontemporaries

问题3选项

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

问题4选项

A.feelelatedatreceivingtheNobelPrize

B.accepttheNobelPrizeifnominated

C.writewellafterreceivingtheNobelPrize

D.honorNobelPrizewinnersofthepast

问题5选项

A.Steinbeckwasanexceptionallydifferentauthor

B.SteinbeckshouldhavereceivedtheNobelPrizeearlier

C.Steinbeckwroteequallywellthroughouthislife

D.Steinbeckearnedhisreputationwellbefore1962

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962(在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（约翰•斯坦贝克）之前),以及后面说到:Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself(60岁时，在他（约翰•斯坦贝克）自己得到该奖项（即诺贝尔文学奖）后),由此可知D项“1962年”正确。

2.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要)约翰•斯坦贝克在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品，因为他在很早以前己经在现代美国文学上成名了。由此可知B项“在获得诺贝尔奖之前”正确。

3.判断推理题。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962，onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949(在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（约翰•斯坦贝克）之前，只有五位美国人先前受到过如此殊荣，这五位在时间上最近的是1954年的欧内斯特•海明威（美国作家）和1949年的威廉•福克纳（美国小说家）),由此可知1949年以前获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人有三位。

4.判断推理题。"doesso”出现在第二段,其所在句是顺承前面的句子:Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe“couldbeattherap”(约翰•斯坦贝克给一位朋友写信称，如果他不相信自己将继续写出好作品和能免受指责（诺贝尔奖得主在得奖后很少写出有价值的任何东西）的话，那么他将不会接受诺贝尔奖),由此可知C项“获得诺贝尔奖后写出好作品”正确。

5.观点态度题。最后一段指出:TherewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoessoforSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要这位作者（即约翰•斯坦贝克）在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品，因为约翰•斯坦贝克在很早以前已经在现代美国文学上成名了)。由此可知D项“约翰•斯坦贝克在1962年前已经非常出名”正确。

9.单选题

Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.AsagraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960s,IrememberexperiencingtheeventsrelatedtothePeople’sParkthatworeoccurringoncampus.SomeoftheseeventsweregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifounditinterestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptionsobtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedonnewscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothedistinctionsbetweentheserealities.

Electronicmediaarehavingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreandmoreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyourhomeeveryday.Consideralsothecontactyouhavewithotherssimplybyusingtelephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“liveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedanimmediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributedworldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseevents,theydevelopedsomeperceptionoftheserealities.

In1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventswastriggeredbytheverdict（裁定）intheRodneyKingbeating.32.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthe—jurywasabletoacquit（宣布无罪）thepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asisseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFridaynightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleading,“Canweallgetalong?”BySaturday,televisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLosAngelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousandsofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthat,manymorepeopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision.Therealhealing,ofcourse,willtakemuchlonger,butelectronicmediawillcontinuetobeapartofthatprocess.

1.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytobefrom?

2.The1989SanFranciscoearthquakewasmentionedtoshow（）.

3.Theterm"electroniccity"，（para.2）refersto（）.

4.The1992LosAngelesriotsbrokeoutbecause（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.TextbookofMedia

B.Thesis

C.NewspaperorMagazine

D.Speech

问题2选项

A.howdamagingtheearthquakewas

B.howpeoplecarriedoutrescuework

C.theelectronicmediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact

D.theviewers’impressionoftotaldisaster

问题3选项

A.LosAngeles

B.SanFrancisco

C.Berkeley

D.Earth

问题4选项

A.thejuryacquittedthepolicemenwhohadbeatenRodneyKing

B.peoplecanmaketheirownjudgments

C.videocoveragefromhelicoptershadmadepeopleangry

D.videocoveragehadprovidedpowerfulfeedback

问题5选项

A.mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccurcanhaveeithergoodorbadresults.

B.mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideooftheRodneyKingbeatingagreewiththeverdictofjury.

C.the1992LosAngelesriotslastedawholeweek.

D.RodneyKingseemedveryangrywhenheappearedontelevisiononFriday.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。本文通俗易懂，列举了大量实例让公众能更好地理解，具有很强的煽动性，说明了媒体报道既有好的一面也可能带来坏的影响，全面公正，符合演讲的风格。A项“媒体的教科书”和B项“理论”涉及到大量的理论支撑，本文并没有太多理论，相反举了大量例子。故AB项排除。C项“报纸或杂志”需要很强的画面感，语言应该言简意赅，与本文语言风格不符。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“liveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.这些媒体可以扩展你的意识和你的接触层面。例如，1989年旧金山地震的视频报道聚焦于“现场行动”，比如火灾或救援行动。这给观众一种灾难的印象。可知1989年旧金山地震的视频报道是对thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact的举例论证，故可推知该例子是为了表明这些媒体可以拓展你的意识和接触层面。C项是对“thesemedia…”的同义转述，故C项正确。

3.词义题。由第二段“Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.由or可知electroniccity与“globalvillage”地球村同义，再联系上下文可知，电子媒体将我们联系在一起，electroniccity本义为电子城，在文中指电子媒体将地球上的人们联系起来。故D项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第三段1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.ThiseventswastriggeredbytheverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthe—jurywasabletoacquit（宣布无罪）thepolicemeninvolved.1992年的一个令人悲伤的周三晚上，洛杉矶爆发了骚乱，许多人惊恐地目睹了这一切，似乎直升机上的视频报道助长了骚乱。这一事件是由罗德尼•金殴打案的判决引发的。我们处于一个公众都能获得信息并且能作出判断的时代，大多数人到这个殴打视频后都不能理解陪审团为什么会宣布殴打无辜者的警察无罪。可知1992洛杉矶爆发骚乱的原因在于陪审团宣布殴打King的警察无罪。故A项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第三段"Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asisseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.媒体对事件发生时的报道也提供了影响事件的有力反馈。这可能会产生有害的结果，就像洛杉矶周三晚上发生的那样。可知媒体对事件的报道会产生有害影响。而第二段提到了电子媒体对人们的生活的积极影响。故综合全篇来看，媒体对事件的报道既可以带来积极影响也可能带来有害的影响。故A项正确。B项“大多数看过罗德尼•金殴打视频的人都同意陪审团的裁决。”与原文内容相反。C项“1992洛杉矶暴乱持续了一整个星期”，文中提到该暴乱开始与周三的晚上，于周六演变成和平集会，所以并不是持续了一整周。故C项不正确。D项与原文“ByFridaynightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleading,“Canweallgetalong?到周五晚上，公众看到罗德尼•金在电视上恳求道:“我们能和睦相处吗？”不符，从原文可看出RodneyKing并不是很生气。故D项错误。

10.单选题

Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble（

）totheHistoryMuseum.

问题1选项

A.tofindhisway

B.findinghisway

C.tohavefoundhisway

D.havingfoundhisway

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在这座城市待了一段时间后，他找历史博物馆完全没有问题。这里根据固定搭配havetroubledoingsth可以把A，C排除。D选项强调过去，但是从句意可知这里表示的是现在找博物馆没有问题，所以答案选B。

11.单选题

Atthissinglepointintheinterior,therehasbeeninsomefardistantage,agreatsuddenvolcanic（）.

问题1选项

A.uprising

B.uplifting

C.upheaval

D.upbringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。uprising“升起的”；uplifting“令人振奋的”；upheaval“剧变”；upbringing“教养，抚育”。本句意为“内陆的这个地方，在遥远的年代曾发生过巨大的火山剧变”，upheaval符合题意。因此C正确。

12.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Inahotel.

B.Atafastfoodbar.

C.Inthesupermarket.

D.Inthedepartmentstore.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ican’tfindtheinstantsoup.

W:Didyoulooknexttothecannedsoup?

M:Ilookedthere.Butthereisn'tanythingontheshelf.

W:Whydon’tyoutrythespicesection?Itoughttobethere.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推断题。对话中出现的关键词有：instantsoup(速溶汤粉)，cannedsoup(罐装浓汤)，spicesection(香料货架)，由此推测对话发生在自选超市。

13.单选题

Theobjectiveofthispopularconsultationistodetermine（）,thefinalpoliticalstatusoftheregion,whethertoremainofthecountryasaspecialdistrict,ortopartfromit.

问题1选项

A.onceuponatime

B.onceandagain

C.allatonce

D.onceandforall

【答案】D

【解析】onceuponatime从前；onceandagain一而再，再三；allatonce突然；onceandforall彻底的，最后一次。句意：这次群众协商的目的是一劳永逸地确定该区域的最终政治地位，是继续作为一个特别地区保留该国，还是脱离它。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Amembershipcard（）theholdertousetheclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.

问题1选项

A.approves

B.authorizes

C.rectifies

D.endows

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项approve“同意，赞成”，B项authorize“授权，认可”，C项rectify“纠正，改正”，D项endow“赋予，捐赠”。根据句子关键词membershipcard（会员卡）可知，空格部分表示“授权”，只有B项符合。句意：持卡人有权使用俱乐部的设施12个月。因此，该题选择B项正确。

15.填空题

ThesedocumentsareallinChinese.Weneedto（1）themtranslated（2）Englishintime（3）themeetingwiththeforeignbusinessmen（4）Friday.

句意:这些文件都是汉语，我们需要在周五和外商开会前及时将他们翻译成英语。

【答案】1.get

/r/o

3.before

4.on

【解析】1.语法题。使役动词get在这里表示“使翻译成…”。

2.固定搭配。Translate…into…将…翻译成…

3.语义题。句意:在会议开始之前。

4.语法题。考查介词。在具体的某天前用介词on。

16.单选题

AlthoughthefeedingactivitiesofwhalesandwalrusesgivetheseaflooroftheBeringShelfadevastatedappearance,theseactivitiesseemtobeactually（

）tothearea,enhancingitsproductivity.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.rehabilitative

C.beneficial

D.detrimental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。destructive“破坏的；有害的”；rehabilitative“复原的”；beneficial“有益的；有利的”；detrimental“不利的”。句意：尽管鲸和海象的觅食活动给白令海大陆架的海底带来表面上的毁坏，但是这些活动似乎在实际上对这个区域是有益的，提高了它的生产力。由enhancingitsproductivity可知C项符合语境。

17.单选题

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

问题1选项

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。vengeful“复仇的，报复的”；invincible“无敌的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我们惊讶地发现他有报复心理，他记着那些做了对不起他的事的人。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora“teach-in”honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfheartedand—anothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon’thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909.Thatyear,Lincoln’slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasuryCommunitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountyeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lecturesandmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfulnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI’mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto“reassess”thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict—nosurprise—wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feelyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as“nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortablewithambiguity.”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall!”

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic—approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.Today