考研考博-英语-厦门理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.Unfortunately,thegeologicalevolutionoftheEarth’ssurfacehashadanobliteratingeffectontheoriginalcompositionandstructureofthecontinentstosuchanextentthatfurtherterrestrialinvestigationshavesmallchanceofarrivingatanunambiguousanswertothequestionofcontinentalorigin.Paradoxically,cluestotheoriginandearlyhistoryofthesurfacefeaturesoftheEarthmaybefoundontheMoonandplanets,ratherthanontheEarth,becausesomeofthesebodiesappeartohavehadamuchlessactivegeologicalhistory.Asaresult,relativelyprimitivesurfacefeaturesarepreservedforstudyandanalysis.InthecaseofboththeMoonandMars,itisgenerallyconcludedfromtheappearanceoftheirheavilycrateredsurfacesthattheyhavebeensubjectedtobombardmentbylargemeteoroidsduringtheirgeologicalhistory.Likewise,itwouldappearareasonablehypothesisthattheBarthhasalsobeensubjectedtometeoroidbombardmentinpast,andthatverylargebodiesstrucktheEarthearlyinitsgeologicalhistory.

ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.Basedonalunaranalogy,onemightexpectseveralimpactcratersofatleast500kmdiametertohavebeenformedonEarth.ByapplyingBaldwin’sequation,thedepthofsuchacratershouldbeabout20km.Baldwinadmitsthathisequationgivesexcessivedepthsforlargecraterssothattheactualdepthshouldbesomewhatsmaller.Basedonthemeasureddepthofsmallerlunarcrater,Baldwin’sequationgivesthedepthofthezoneofbrecciationforsuchacraterasabout75km.TheplasticityoftheEarth’smantleatthedepthmakesitimpossibletospeakof“bracciation”intheusualsense.However,localstressesmaybetemporarilysustainedatthatdepth,asshownbytheexistenceofdeep-focusearthquakes.Thus,short-termeffectsmightbeexpectedtoadepthofmorethan50kminthemantle.

Evenwithoutknowingthepreciseeffects,thereislittledoubtthattheformationofa500-kmcraterwouldbeamajorgeologicalevent.Numerousauthorshaveconsideredthegeologicalimplicationsofsuchanevent.Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.Twomajordifficultiesinherentinthisconceptarethelackofanyknownsialicmeteorites,andthehighprobabilitythattheenergyofimpactwouldresultinawidedisseminationofsialicmaterial,ratherthanitsconcentrationatthepointofimpact.

Gilvarry,ontheotherhand,calledonmeteoroidimpacttoexplaintheproductionofoceanbasins.Themajordifficultieswiththismodelarethatmorphologyofmostoftheoceanbasinsisnotconsistentwithimpact,andthattheoriginandgrowthofcontinentsisnotadequatelyexplained.

WeagreewithDonnatal.thattheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsmayhavecausedcontinentformation,butwouldratherthinkintermsofthelocalizedadditionofenergytothesystem,ratherthanintermsoftheadditionofactualsialicmaterial.

Amarebasinis（

）.

Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat

（

）.

Thearticleisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

Sialicmaterialrefersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.aformulafordeterminingtherelationshipbetweenthedepthandwidthofcraters

B.avalleythatisfilledinwhenaspatialbodyhasimpactwiththemoonortheearth

C.aplanetoid(smallplanet)createdwhenameteorite,uponstrikingthemoon,breaksoffapartofthemoon

D.adarkspotonthemoon,oncesupposedtobeasea,nowaplain

问题2选项

A.anasteroidislargerthanameteorite.

B.materialfromspace,uponhittingtheearth,waseventuallydistributed

C.theearth,atonetime,hadcraters

D.oceanwereformerlycraters

问题3选项

A.theoriginofcontinents

B.therelationshipbetweenastralphenomenaandthemoon

C.differencesofopinionamongauthoritativegeologists

D.therelationshipbetweenasteroidsandmeteorites

问题4选项

A.thebrokenrockresultingfromtheimpactofameteoriteagainsttheearth

B.materialthatexistsonplanetsotherthantheearth

C.acompositeofrocktypicalofcontinentalareasoftheearth

D.materialthatisman-madetosimulatematerialsthatexistedfarbackingeologicalhistory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】细节事实题。A选项“是测定陨石坑深度和宽度的公式”，B选项“某一天体与月球或地球撞击时填入的深谷”，C选项“当陨星撞击月亮时，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星体”和D选项“月球上的一个黑点，一度认识是海，现在知道是平原。根据文章第二段的前两句“ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.”“鲍德温所列出的月球上最大的隅#坑直径为285公里。可是，如果我们接受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地的结构假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有650公里。”由此可以推断出marebasin为月球上的陨石坑，所以D选项正确。

细节事实题。文章第四段讲到了Gilvarry用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成，这一模式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地结构和撞击情况不符，由此可以推断出D选项‘作者不相信海洋是以前的陨石坑’正确。

细节事实题。根据文章在第一段前三句“Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.”“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。进展到现在的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者遭到严厉的反对。这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或小行星的撞击在地球核生成中可能起的作用”推断出A选项‘大陆的起源’正确。

细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.”“例如，Donnatal.提出大陆区域大小的，硅铝结构的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想”可以推断C选项“地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成”符合题意；A选项“由于陨星撞击地球形成破碎的岩石”、B选项“存在于地球之外其它星球的材料”和D选项“人造材料模拟存在于遥远地质史上的材料”均没有在文中提及。

2.单选题

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

问题1选项

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。vengeful“复仇的，报复的”；invincible“无敌的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我们惊讶地发现他有报复心理，他记着那些做了对不起他的事的人。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Quitsmoking.

B.Gojoggingeverymorning.

C.Workoutinthegym.

D.Goonadiet.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whydon’tyoutrysmokingonecigarettelesseachday,aswellasgoingjoggingeverymorning?

M:Goodidea,butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice.I’msuretrainersatthegymwouldbeabletogivememoreprofessionaladvice.

W:Thatsoundsgood.Thereisonenearmycompany.Iamitsregularmember.

M:Really?Iwillgointohavealook.

Q:Whatisthemanmostlikelytodo?

【解析】细节题。男士说：butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice（但我不想在街上慢跑，跑步机可能是更好的选择），后来决定去健身房找专业人士咨询。

4.单选题

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

问题1选项

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

问题2选项

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

问题3选项

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

问题4选项

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一届，最高法院在美国诉Halper案中一致制定了一项法律规则，该规则将破坏联邦、州和地方政府执行一系列重要监管计划的能力，包括环境保护、证券监管和税收征收）可知选A选项“执行一系列重要的监管计划”；B选项“执行所有重要的规管计划”，C选项“执行环境保护、证券监管、税收征管等重要监管方案”以及D选项“执行除环境保护、证券监管和税收征管外的重要监管计划”都不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（这种可能造成的干扰是由于最高法院认识到，某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，但有时也适用于民事被告，政府正试图对被禁止的活动收取民事处罚）可知A选项“某些宪法保护以前被认为只适用于刑事被告，现在对民事被告也同样适用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.（虽然法院在Halper案中的裁决只侧重于将双重危险条款扩展到民事处罚程序，但其推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许将其他宪法保护适用于政府发起的民事处罚案件。这些附加的宪法保护包括第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保障）可知B选项“推理和裁定的范围足够广泛，允许对政府发起的民事处罚案件适用其他宪法保护”，C选项“第八修正案、第五修正案的自证其罪条款和第六修正案的审判保证对民事被告适用”以及D选项“法院的推理和裁决只集中于将双重危险条款扩大到民事处罚程序”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第一句TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.（最初转向Halpe案中涉及的更狭义的双重危险问题，法院对民事处罚程序的双重危险保护的适用是法律上的一个显著变化）可知选C选项“双重危险保护在民事处罚程序中的适用”；A选项“缩小双重危险问题”，B选项“忽视一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件”以及D选项“从一个更全景的角度看Halper案”皆不是原文提到的法律上的一个显著变化。因此C选项正确。

4.观点态度题。定位到第二段Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.（通过扩大双重危险条款的范围，布莱克门法官的意见忽视了一系列只有在刑事诉讼中才承认双重危险保护的案件。然而，从更全面的角度来看，除了对双重危险的认定外，法院的推理构成了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心）可知作者认为Halper案的处理方式导致了对政府监管项目造成破坏的核心，可以推测作者对Halper案有负面感觉，选B选项“对Halper案有负面的感觉”；A选项“不同意”太过严重；C选项“完全支持”和D选项“喜欢”都不符合原文的表达。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Theimportanceofprotectingrainforestsfromhumaninvasionisincreasinglyrealizedbydevelopinganddevelopedcountries（）.

问题1选项

A.both

B.either

C.alike

D.apart

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项both“两者都”，B项either“也，而且，两者之中的一个”；C项alike“相似地，同样地”，D项apart“相距，分离者”。空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分，那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应；A项用于both…and…（两个都），所以排除；B项用于两者中的其中一个，B项排除；句意：保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。根据句意可知D项不符句意，因此C项正确。

6.写作题

MiltonMizneroncesaid,“Agoodlistenerisnotonlypopulareverywhere,butafterawhilehegetstoknowsomething.”

Listeningisnotthesimplethingitseemstobe.Listeningisparticipatinginatleastfiveimportantways.Youareagoodlistenerif

1.youcan“see”anideawhenyouhearit.

2.youcandistinguishbetweenessentialpointsanddetails.

3.youcandistinguishbetweenfactsandopinions.

4.youcandistinguishbetweeninformationandpersuasion.

5.andifyoucanthenmakeupyourownmindaboutwhathasbeensaid.

Youaretowriteacompositionof150wordsorsoaboutthepoweroflistening.Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Pleasewriteyourcompositionneatlyandclearlyonyouranswersheet.

Topic:ThePowerofListening

Outline

Ievaluateyourlisteningpower

IIjustifytheneedtoimprovelisteningpowereducationally,socially,politically,nationallyandinternationally

IIIdrawanaturalconclusion

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】Listeningisoneofthemostimportantskillsonecanpossess.Asforme,Ilistentoobtaininformation,tounderstandandtolearn.Ipreferreductivelistening,whichhelpsmereduceeverythingdowntowhatisrelevantanddiscardeverythingthat’snotrelevant.ThatmeanswhenIcommunicatewithothers,Iprefertolistenwithpurpose.Icanalwaysgetmyanswerafterconversation.Frommypointofview,thepoweroflisteningisthatyoumakeaconsciousefforttohearnotonlythewordsthatanotherpersonissaying,butmoreimportantly,trytounderstandthecompletemessagebeingsent.Iwillillustratemypointfromfollowingaspects.

Inclass,itissignificantforbothteacherandstudentstoactivelylisten.Listentothequestionsofstudentsmayhelpteacherfindanefficientwaytoimproveteachingskillandlistentothekeyinformationthatteacherdeliveredcouldhelpstudentsgainabundantknowledge.Insociety,listeningisalsoanindispensablewaytopromotemutualunderstandingandtrust.Thetwocountriesenjoyfirmandfriendlyrelationsifactivelisteningisconducted.Forexample,resultfromlisteningtoeachotherandofferingtimelyhelp,ChinaandPakistanenjoytraditionalfriendship.Ontheotherside,AmericafailedtolistentotheappealandsuggestionsofChina,thetradedisputeswouldnevercease.

Inaword,listeningisacrucialskillthatneedstobelearnedandpracticedfromallaspectsofourdailylife.

7.单选题

Theboyhasadmittedto（

）thewindowwhileplayingfootballyesterday.

问题1选项

A.breaking

B.havingbeenbroken

C.break

D.bebreaking

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。

语法题。考查动词时态。admitto中的to是介词，后接动词吋需用-ing形式,排除C，D；并且break是瞬间动词不能用完成时态，故答案选项为A。

8.单选题

Justasthebuilderisskilledinthehandlingofhisbricks,______istheexperiencedwriterinthehandlingofhiswords.

问题1选项

A.so

B.as

C.thus

D.equally

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：正如建筑工人熟练地使用他的砖，经验丰富的作家同样如此地运用他的文字。justas...so“就像……，……同样”，justas引出表示对比的从句，主句用so相对应，A选项so符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Thefutureoftheworld’sclimateis______withtheriseoftemperature,wewillhavemoreextremeweathers.

问题1选项

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项atodds“争执，不一致”，B项introuble“在监禁中，处于不幸中”，C项invain“徒劳，无效”，D项atstake“处于危险之中，在紧要关头”。根据空格后面部分的句子意思“随着气温的升高，我们将会有更多的极端天气”可推断，空格处填入D项符合。句意：随着气温的上升，世界气候的未来岌岌可危，我们将会有更多的极端天气。因此，该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

IfIdidn’tknowtheword,Ihadtoa（

）dictionary.

问题1选项

A.lookout

B.makeout

C.referto

D.goover

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项lookout“（表示警告，尤指有危险）小心，当心，留神”；B选项makeout“理解，辨认”；C选项referto“涉及，与……相关，查阅，参考”；D选项goover“复习，仔细检查”。根据前一句句意‘我不认识这个单词，’以及空格后“adictionary词典”可知C选项referto“查阅，参考”正确。

11.单选题

Despitetheirgoodservice;mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof（

）standards.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项equivalent“相等的”；B选项alike“相似的”；C选项uniform“统一的”；D选项likely“可能的”。句意：尽管他们的服务好；但相对于同等标准的旅馆来说，大多数旅馆都更便宜。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher.Onenteringsecondaryschool,anewworldopensupandfrequentlyitisamuchmoredifficultworld.Thepupilsoonlearnstobelessfreeinthewayhespeakstoteachersandeventohisfellowuppupils.Hebeginstolosegraduallythefreeandeasywaysoftheprimaryschool,forhesensestheneedforamorecautiousapproachinthesecondaryschoolwherethereareolderpupils.Secondarystaffandpupilssufferfromthepressureofacademicworkandseemtohavelesstimetostopandtalk.Teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff.Hehastodecidewhichadultsareapproachable;goodschoolswillmakecleartoeveryyoungpersonfromthefirstyearwhatguidanceandpersonalhelpisavailablebutwhethertherealityoflifeintheinstitutionactuallyencouragesrequestsforhelpisanothermatters.

Adultsoftenforgetwhataconfusingpictureschoolcanoffertoachild.Heseesagreatdealofmovement,agreatnumberofpeople-oftenratherfrightening-lookingpeople-andrealizesthatanincreasingnumberofchoicesanddecisionhavetobemade.Asheprogressesthroughtheschooltheconfusionmaybecomelessbutthechoicesanddecisionsrequiredwillincrease.Theschoolwillrightlyexpectthepupiltotakethefirststepstoobtainthehelpheneeds,forthisisthepatternofadultlifeforwhichhehastobeprepared,butallthetimetheopportunitypersonalandgroupadvicemustbepresentedinawaywhichmakesthemeasytounderstandandwithineasyreachofpupils.

1.Accordingtothepassageoneoftheproblemsforpupilsenteringsecondaryschoolsisthat

（

）

2.Insecondaryschoolseverypupilhavingproblemsshould（

）.

3.Inthispassageaboutsecondaryschools,theauthorismainlyconcernedabout（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaretaughtbymanydifferentteachers

B.theydonotattendlessonsineverysubject

C.theteachersdonotwanttobefriendly

D.theteachersgivemostattentiontothemoreacademicpupils

问题2选项

A.knowhowtoaskforhelp

B.befreefromanypressureofacademicwork

C.toabletodiscusshisproblemsinclass

D.beabletodiscusshisproblemswithanyteacher

问题3选项

A.academicstandards

B.theroleofspecialistteachers

C.thetrainingoftheindividualteachers

D.thepersonaldevelopmentofpupils

问题4选项

A.Pupilswillformrelationshipwitholdpupilsratherthanteachers.

B.Thesettingoftheprimaryschooliscomparativelysimplerthanthatofthesecondaryschool.

C.Alltheteachersinthesecondaryschoolareratherfrightening-looking.

D.Pupilshaveopportunitiestogethelpfromanyteacherinthesecondaryschool.

问题5选项

A.Thedifferencebetweentheprimaryschoolandthesecondaryschool.

B.Themethodthatpupilsgethelpfromtheteachers.

C.Thepersonaldevelopmentofthepupilsinthesecondaryschool.

D.Thefunctionofthesecondaryschool.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段teacherswithspecialistrolesmayseehundredsofchildreninaweek,andapupilmaybeabletoformrelationshipwithveryfewofthestaff提到老师每周要与几百个孩子打交道，学生们很少能和老师形成密切的关系。因而能够推断学生们进入中学后会面对更多的老师，选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段最后一句提到好的学校会让学生们清楚知道他们可以寻求哪些老师的帮助。第二段又指出学校应该期望学生们开始学习如何寻求他所需的帮助，选项A符合题意。

3.文章主要在讲述学生们从小学到初中经历的环境的巨大的变化，他们的感受，以及学校和老师应该采取什么方式来应对学生们的这些变化。由此可知，作者关注的是学生们的成长。选项D符合题意。

4.文章第一句Inaprimaryschool,achildisinacomparativelysimplesettingandmostoftheformsarelationshipwithonefamiliarteacher提到小学的环境相对于单纯，选项B符合题意。

5.文章主要是在讲述学生们步入中学后面临的一些问题，以及学校和老师就这些问题采取的一些措施，作者关心的是学生们的成长，所以选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Salariesfor（

）positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.

问题1选项

A.legal

B.optional

C.voluntary

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】句意:做临时性的工作拿到的工资好像比固定工作要高。

形容词辨析。Legal法律的，合法的;optional可选择的，随意的;voluntary自愿的;temporary临时的。根据句子已知信息permanentones(固定工作)推测D符合句意。

14.单选题

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld'spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.

Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld,ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.

Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.

Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.

Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,the