考研考博-英语-南阳师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditionedmicetoavoidsaccharinbysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.劳登斯拉格的实验表明，那些能切断电源的老鼠的免疫系统____。

A.wasstrengthenedA.得到了加强

B.wasnotaffectedB.没有受到影响

C.wasalteredC.发生了改变

D.wasweakenedD.被削弱了

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段倒数第二句“劳登斯拉格发现，无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。”因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项属于反向干扰；

2.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.根据文章，无助的经历导致老鼠____。

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliA.试图控制不愉快的刺激

B.turnofftheelectricityB.关掉电源

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsC.在可控的情况下被动地行动

D.becomeabnormallysuspiciousD.变得异常多疑

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“如果这些动物面对它们无法控制的情况，它们在面对它们可以控制的经历时，会表现得被动。（theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol）”因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“试图控制不愉快的刺激”，文中提到“杜克大学医学院的心理学家杰伊•韦斯已经证明，能够控制不愉快刺激的动物不会出现睡眠障碍，也不会出现典型的应激大鼠大脑化学变化。但是，如果动物面对他们无法控制的情况，它们以后在面对它们可以控制的经历时会表现被动。”由此可知，一旦动物遇到过它们控制不了的事情和局面，以后即使面对它们能够控制的事情，它们依然会很被动。该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；

B选项“关掉电源”，文中第一段提到“无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。他认为，他所证明的是，缺乏对事件的控制是削弱免疫系统的原因，而不是经历本身。”由此可知关掉电源这个实验证明的是无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，并没有说无助的经历会让老鼠关掉电源，该选项属于过度推断；

D选项“变得异常多疑”，文中没提及，该选项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.在阿德的实验中，老鼠不吃糖精的原因是____。

A.theydislikeditstasteA.它们不喜欢糖精的味道

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsB.它会影响它们的免疫系统

C.itledtostomachpainsC.它会导致胃痛

D.theyassociateditwithstomachachesD.它们把糖精与胃痛联系在一起

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。老鼠将糖精与胃痛联系起来（Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains），很快就学会了避开这种甜味剂。”由此可推断，因为阿德在喂老鼠糖精时，给它们注射了导致肠胃不适的药物，因此老鼠把二者联系起来，回避糖精。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们不喜欢糖精的味道”，由推断可知老鼠把糖精和肠胃不适联系在一起，因此对糖精感到厌恶，该选项属于本末倒置；

B选项“它会影响它们的免疫系统”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知，是这种药物会影响老鼠的免疫系统而不是糖精，该选项属于张冠李戴；

C选项“它会导致胃痛”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知是这种药物导致胃痛而不是糖精本身，该选项属于张冠李戴。

4.【选项释义】

ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.这篇文章告诉我们，在阿德的实验中，老鼠死亡的最有可能的原因是____。

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharinA.它们的心理已经被糖精削弱了

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothemB.这种甜味剂对他们是有毒的

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemindC.它们的免疫系统被思想改变了

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioningD.它们在早期的条件反射中摄入了太多的甜味剂

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文章最后一段“他只能推测，他已经成功地使老鼠适应环境，仅用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统，杀死它们。”在实验中，老鼠已经将胃痛与糖精联系起来，因此再次接触糖精时，老鼠的心理变化破坏了它们的免疫系统，导致它们死亡。因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们的心理已经被糖精削弱了”，文中推断可知老鼠的心理确实被糖精削弱，但是它们死亡的根本原因是免疫系统的变化，该选项属于本末倒置；

B选项“这种甜味剂对他们是有毒的”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。使它们能够避免糖精”可知糖精本身是无毒的，是这种注射的药物会使它们肠胃不适，该选项属于张冠李戴；

D选项“它们在早期的条件反射中摄入了太多的甜味剂”，是因为早期的条件反射导致它们的免疫系统发生变化，导致死亡，该选项属于本末倒置。

5.【选项释义】

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.从文章中可以得出结论，动物的免疫系统____。

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioningA.可以被条件作用削弱

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjectionsB.可以被药物注射抑制

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharinC.可能会受到频繁剂量的糖精的影响

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocksD.可以被电击改变

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】文章用老鼠与糖精的例子，老鼠对糖精形成条件反射，从而导致免疫系统被削弱。由此可推断，动物的免疫系统可以被条件作用削弱。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“可以被药物注射抑制”，文中提到对老鼠进行药物注射，但这只是其中的一个条件，并不能推出动物的免疫系统只会被药物抑制，该选项属于以偏概全；

C选项“可能会受到频繁剂量的糖精的影响”，文中用糖精做例子，但这只是其中的一个条件，该选项属于以偏概全；

D选项“可以被电击改变”，文中虽然提到对老鼠进行电击，但是并不能由此推出动物的免疫系统会被改变，该选项属于过度推断。

2.填空题

Mikeleft（

）sayinggoodbye.Doyouthinkhewasupset?

【答案】Without

【解析】语义题。句意:迈克道别就走了。你认为他是不是生气了？迈克可能是因为生气，于是没有道别就离开了，填without。

3.单选题

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

问题1选项

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，无论白天做了什么，我们每晚睡觉时都会有两个小时的时间在做梦。

语法题。考查情态动词+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本该发生而实际上未发生”；mayhavedone表示“对过去发生的行为的一种推测”；wouldhavedone表示“本来会做某事，但实际没有做成”；musthavedone表示“对过去事情的肯定推测”。故选B。

4.单选题

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣闻轶事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狭窄的）space---thatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

问题2选项

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

问题3选项

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

问题4选项

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

问题5选项

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一个低职位员工违抗高级别领导，是为了履行其工作职贵),由此可知答案选C“因为她是一个有责任心的员工”。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亚特兰大一个被隔离且沉闷的动物园内生活27年的大猩猩),可知D项“隔离的”正确。

3.判断推理题。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(无论新环境多么有吸引力，都得花时间，且需要勇气离开舒适安全的地方)。由此可知选A项“面对与适应新的环境是花时间且需要勇气的”。

4.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的领导人都懂得充分利用轶事)推断A项“许多有魅力的领导会充分利用各类奇闻轶事与故事”正确。根据文章最后一句话Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(尽量排除那些被广泛引用的轶事，因为它们会让听众感到乏味)推断B“收集被广泛运用的轶事是一个很不错的主意”与原文不符。根据文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(这项技能是非常值得学习的，因为它能帮助打造个人魅力和领导才能)推断C项“通过阅读书籍、杂志和时事新闻，可以打造个人魅力”与原文不符。文章并没有说要想成为一个高效的讲故事者，只需制作一个有用的奇闻轶事记录册。故D项没有根据。因此选A。

5.判断推理题。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在离会时很多人可能都了解了接下来的改变对员工来说意味着多大的困难),因此C项“能够帮助与会人员更好理解即将到来的变化”正确。而A项“是个高效率的领导，且习惯于向员工讲故事”和B项“是个经常喜欢引经据典影响他人的人”在原文中并没有体现。D项“习惯于引经据典帮助员工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根据。

5.不定项选择题

Themostvaluablediamondsarelarge,individualcrystalsofpurecrystallintcarbon.Lessperfectforms,knownas“boars”and“carbonado”areclustersoftinycrystals.Untildiamondsarecutandpolished,theydonotsparklelikethoseyouseeonaring—theyjustlooklikesmall,blue-greystones.

InarathercrudeformthecuttingandpolishingofpreciousstoneswasanartknowntotheAncientEgyptians,andinthemiddleAgesitbecamewidespreadinnorth-westEurope.However,arevolutionarychangeinthemethodsofcuttingandpolishingwasmadein1476whenLudwigVanBerquenofBrugesinBelgiuminventedtheuseofaswiftlyrevolvingwheelwithitsedgefacedwithfinediamondpowder.Thename“boast”isgiventothisfinepowderaswellasthenaturalcrystallinematerialalreadymentioned.Itisalsogimptobadlyflawedorbrokendiamondcrystals,uselessasjewelsthatarebrokenintopowderforgrindingpurposes,theso-called“industrial”diamonds.

Diamonditselfistheonlymaterialhardenoughtocutandpolishdiamonds—thoughrecently,high-intensitylightbeamscalledlasershavebeendevelopedwhichcanboreholesinthem.Itmaybenecessarytosplitorcleavethelargestonesbeforetheyarecutandpolished.

Everydiamondhasanaturallineofcleavage,alongwhichitmaybesplitbyasharpblowwithacuttingedge.Afullycut“brilliant”diamondhas58facets,orfaces,regularlyarranged.Forcuttingorfaceting,thestonesarefixedintocopperholdersandheldagainstawheel,edgedwithamixtureofOilandfinediamonddust,whichisrevolvedatabout2,500revolutionsaminute.AmsterdamandAntwerp,inHollandandBelgiumrespectively,havebeenthecentreofthediamondcuttingandpolishingindustryforoversevencenturies.

Thejewelvalueofbrilliantdiamondsdependsgreatlyontheircolors,or“water”asitiscalled.Theusualcoolersofdiamondsarewhite,yellow,brown,greenorblue.Surroundingrocksandtakeontheircolor,thusblack,redandevenbrightpinkdiamondshaveoccasionallybeenfound.

Thetradeindiamondsisnotonlyinthevaluablegemstonesbutalsointheindustrialdiamondsmentionedabove.Zaireproduces70%ofsuchstones.Theyarefixedintotherockdrillsusedinminingandcivilengineering,alsoforedgingbandsawsforcuttingstone.Diamond-facedtoolsareusedforcuttinganddrillingglassandfineporcelainandfordentists’drills.Theyareusedasbearingsinwatchesandotherfinelybalancedinstruments.Perhapsyouownsomediamondswithoutknowingit—inyourwristwatch!

1.“Carbonado”isthenamegivento（）.

2.Theartofcuttingandpolishingpreciousstonesremainedcrudeuntil（）.

3.Duringfaceting,diamondsareheldincopperholders（）.

4.Thevalueorderofwaterindiamond（）.

5.Industrialdiamondsareused（）.

问题1选项

A.onlytheverybestdiamonds

B.lumpsofpurecarbon

C.Spanishdiamonds

D.diamondsmadeupofmanysmallcrystals

问题2选项

A.thefourteenthcentury

B.thefifteenthcentury

C.thesixteenthcentury

D.theseventeenthcentury

问题3选项

A.tofacilitateaccuratecutting

B.tomakethemshinemorebrilliantly

C.sothattheycanrevolvemoreeasily

D.asasteelholdermightdamagethediamond

问题4选项

A.ismoreimportantthantheircolor

B.rangesfromblue-whiteupwards

C.rangesfrombluewhitedownwards

D.hasneverbeenreliablyestablished

问题5选项

A.forawiderangeofpurposes

B.mainlyfordentists’drills

C.fordecorationinringsandwatches

D.principallyinmass-producedjewellery

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。“黑金刚石”是用来称呼什么的？选项A“仅仅是最好的钻石”；选项B“纯碳团”；选项C“西班牙钻石”；选项D“由小水晶组成的钻石”，根据第一段中“Lessperfectforms,knownas‘boars’and‘carbonado’areclustersoftinycrystals.”不那么完美的形式，被称为“野猪”或者“黑金刚钻”，是一簇小水晶组成的，所以“黑金刚钻”指的是小水晶组成的钻石，故正确答案为选项D。

第2题:细节事实题。切割和打磨宝石的工艺保持着粗糙直到，选项A“十四世纪”；选项B“十五世纪”；选项C“十六世纪”；选项D“十七世纪”，第二段首先说了粗糙的切割和打磨钻石的工艺开始于古埃及，然后“However,arevolutionarychangeinthemethodsofcuttingandpolishingwasmadein1476when...然而切割和打磨钻石的工艺在1476年发生了革命性的变化”，所以直到15世纪这种粗糙的工艺才被革新，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:推理判断题。在切磨刻面的时候，钻石用铜架固定，选项A“使切割更精确”；选项B“让它们发出更璀璨的光”；选项C“为了让它们更容易旋转”；选项D“因为铁架会损坏钻石”，选项B和D表达的内容文章没有提到，且也没有任何表述暗示，故可以排除；根据文章第四段中“fixedintocopperholders固定在铜架上”中fixed一词可知将钻石固定在铜架上是为了让其固定，选项C中revolve一词明显与此目的不符，所以可以排除；故正确答案为选项A，为了让其更好的被打磨，从而提高打磨与切割的精确度。

第4题:推理判断题。钻石的“水度”价值排序，选项A“比他们的颜色更重要”；选项B“由蓝到白递增”；选项C“由蓝到白递减”；选项D“没有被确定地建立”，文章倒数第二段中在讲述钻石的颜色的时候并没有对其价值做出比较与说明，所以可以排除选项B和C；根据“dependsgreatlyontheircolor,or‘water’asitiscalled…很大程度上取决于它们的颜色，或者所谓的‘水度’”，可以知道颜色和水度其实是表示的同一种东西，所以它们之间不存在比较，所以选项A错误；故正确答案为选项D，并没有明确的标准来鉴定这种价值排序。

第5题:推理判断题。工业钻石被用来，选项A“在很多用途上”；选项B“主要作为牙医的钻子”；选项C“作为戒指和手表的装饰物”；选项D“主要在大量生产的宝石上”，根据最后一段中的内容“它们被镶在矿业和土木工程所用的凿石器上，也被用在用来切石头的锯子边缘上。钻石做成的工具被用来切割或者打孔玻璃，细瓷器，或者用作牙医的钻子。它们被用做手表或者精密仪器的轴承。”这些内容讲述的是钻石的工业用途，根据此段内容我们可以推断钻石的工业用途有很多，选项B、C和D表达的内容明显太过局限，故正确答案为选项A。

6.单选题

“Onnoaccount（）tofeedtheanimals,”thewarningcanbeseenonthesignboardinfrontofeverycage.

问题1选项

A.allowvisitors

B.visitorsareallowed

C.arevisitorsallowed

D.areallowedvisitors

【答案】C

【解析】考査倒装。当否定词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将be动词提前。根据句意这里指参观者不被允许，所以选项C正确。

7.单选题

Manyofthescientistsandengineersarejudged（）howgreattheirachievementsare.

问题1选项

A.inspiteof

B.inwaysof

C.infavorof

D.intermsof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inspiteof尽管；infavorof有利于，支持；intermsof依据，按照，在…方面。许多科学家和工程师从他们所取得的成就来被评价，只有D项符合题意。

8.单选题

Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.

Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.

Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.

Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.

Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.

Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.

Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.

Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.

Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.

Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.

Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?

2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?

问题1选项

A.3and7.

B.3and9.

C.7and9.

D.3and13.

问题2选项

A.legend

B.religion

C.popularbelief

D.certaincustoms

问题3选项

A.Heismildlycritical.

B.Heisstronglycritical.

C.Heisinfavorofthem.

D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.（七是另一个重要的数字，通常被认为是好运的使者）和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber（九通常被认为是一个幸运的数字）可知数字七与九代表好运，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章倒数第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.（人们普遍认为这个数字起源于耶稣最后的晚餐中有13人的事实）可知13这个数字来源于宗教，因此选B。

3.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.（但奇怪的是，出生在13号的人一点也不害怕，这恰恰说明我们迷信的观念是多么的不理智）可知作者对迷信带有点批判的态度，因此选A。

9.单选题

EuropeisfollowingtheDutchleadandtakingthegreenmovementtothemanufacturersofwhitegoodsandelectronics.AspateoflegislationemergingfromBrusselsaimsultimatelytoholdmanufacturersresponsibleforthefateoftheirproductsalongafterthey’veleftstoreshelvesorcarshowrooms.They’rebeingtoldtheymustensurethatasmuchas85percentoftheirproductsberecycledorreused,andtheremainderdisposedofinenvironmentallysoundways.

Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.Acomputerbuiltinthe1960slasted10yearsonaverage;nowtheyarescrappedinjustfour.Inthepastmorethan90percentofthisdetritushadbeenburiedinlandfills.Europe'sjunkheapofelectronicgoodsnowweighs6milliontonsandwilldoublein12years.Allthiswasteistakinganobvioustollontheplanet.

EvenatthisearlystageinEurope'srecyclingexperiment,thoughthenewlawshavealreadycausedunintendedproblems.SomeEuropeancountrieshavebeencaughtwhollyunprepared.Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincinerators（焚化炉）throughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials.TheEUwillsoonbantheuseofthelead,ahazardoussubstancethat’sbeenusedfordecadestosoldercircuitboards.Electronicscompaniesarestrugglingtofindalternatives.“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.

Businessleadersalsowarnofexcessivecosts.“Societyandthepoliticianshaveanotherobjectivehere;tomovecostsontoindustry,”saysViktorSundberg,EuropeanaffairsdirectorofSwedi