考研考博-英语-吉首大学张家界学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉首大学张家界学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.

Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.

16.Theword“paradox”(Para.1)means“____”.

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

17.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because____.

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena

18.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause____.

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

19.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause____.

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

20.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause____.

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

问题1选项

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

问题2选项

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena

问题3选项

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

问题4选项

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

问题5选项

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】16.词义推断题。根据题干定位到第1段第1句Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.（我们认为物理科学是“硬科学”，社会科学是“软科学”，而生物科学则介于两者之间，这是一个奇怪的____。）；第2句Thisisinterpretedtomeanthat…（这意味着我们对物理系统的认识比我们对生物系统的认识更确定，而生物系统又比我们对社会系统的认识更确定。）；第3句Intermsof…onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.（然而，就我们对相关宇宙进行采样的能力而言，以及我们对这些宇宙的想象至少大致正确的可能性而言，有人怀疑颠倒顺序更合理。）根据第2、3句判断，第1句对三种的科学的排序有两种完全相反的观点，B选项“矛盾”最相符，原文paradox意为“悖论”；A选项“暗示”、C选项“解释”、D选项“困惑，不确定”不符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

17.事实细节题。题干“根据作者的观点，我们应该扭转我们对物理科学的‘硬’分类和对社会科学的‘软’分类，因为____”，可定位到原文第1段第3句Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.（然而，就我们对相关宇宙进行采样的能力而言，以及我们对这些宇宙的想象至少大致正确的可能性而言，有人怀疑颠倒顺序更合理。）由此可知，颠倒顺序与“采样的能力”以及“现有观点的正确性”有关。根据颠倒后的顺序判断，社会科学比物理科学的采样能力很强，正确性更大，D选项“与对物理现象的调查能力相比，我们对社会现象的调查能力更强”符合原文。A选项“逆向排序有助于促进物理科学的发展”，原文并未提及，排除；B选项“我们对物理系统的认识比社会系统的认识更可靠”，与原文意思相反，社会系统的认识更可靠，排除；C选项“我们对社会制度的理解大致正确”，可定位到第1段第5句Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.（因此，尽管我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面极其不准确，但它不太可能被新的发现严重地推翻。）由此可知，我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面极其不准确，选项表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

18.事实细节题。题干“作者认为，我们对社会系统的知识比物理系统的知识更可靠，因为____”，可定位到第1段第5句Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.（因此，虽然我们对社会制度的认识在许多方面极其不准确，但是它不太可能被新的发现完全推翻。）我们对社会系统的知识不容易被新的发现推翻即更可靠，B选项“新发现不太可能出现在社会科学领域”，表述与原文不符，不是没有新发现，而是新发现不会完全推翻现有理论，排除。根据原文therefore提示，原因可以定位到前一句话Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.（我们有能力对地球的社会系统进行抽样，并有一定的信心对整个系统中合理的样本进行调查。）由此可知，因为有合理的样本数据，我们对社会系统的认识更可靠，C选项“它依据的数据量是非常有代表性的”，表述符合原文；A选项“它不是基于个人经验”，可定位到第1段最后一句…eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.（……即使它是建立在非常不完善的个人经验上），由此可知，它是基于个人经验的，只不过这对正确性的影响不大，选项表述不正确；D选项“关于社会系统的记录更可靠”，可定位到第2段倒数第2句...comparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems...（……和丰富的关于社会系统的记录相比……），文中指提到了关于社会系统的记录丰富，并没有就可靠程度进行比较，选项表述与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

19.事实细节题。题干“物理科学最有可能发生巨大变化的原因是____”，可定位到原文第3段第1句Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,ofevenofearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.（相比之下，我们对宇宙的认识，甚至对地球的地质历史的认识，都很容易随着新数据的加入和新理论的提出而发生革命性的变化。）由此可知，原因有两个，“新数据的加入”和“新理论的出现”，B选项“新信息不断地加入”符合原文；原文并没有说新出现的理论是与现有理论是矛盾的，A选项“矛盾的理论层出不穷”不符合原文；C选项“发展的方向很难预测”，原文并未提及，排除；D选项“我们对物质世界的认识是不准确的”，可定位到原文第2段第2句Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,then...thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure...（如果我们将“可靠性”定义为整个系统的各个部分遭受重大变化的可能性的话，那么……物理科学是最不可靠的……）由此可知，物理科学最不可靠即我们对物质世界的认识不准确，是因为关于物理世界的理论很容易发生重大变化，而题干问的是很容易发生重大变化的原因是什么，选项表述答非所问。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

20.判断推理题。题干“我们对宇宙的了解比我们对任何社会系统的了解都要少，是因为____”可定位到原文第3段倒数第2句Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.（我们对宇宙的认识是最可靠的，是因为我们观察到的是如此小的一个样本，并且关于它的记录，与社会系统丰富的记录甚至生物系统有限的记录相比，是微不足道的。）由此可知，我们对宇宙的了解很少是因为样本和记录很少。根据原文第1段第4句Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.（我们有能力对地球的社会系统进行抽样，并有一定的信心对整个系统中合理的样本进行调查）。可知，我们对社会系统的认识可靠是因为有合理的样本数据，综合这两点来看，我们对宇宙的了解很少是因为样本的缘故，C选项“只有非常小的一部分样本已经被观察到”，符合原文；A选项“关于它的起源和历史有各种各样的理论”，可定位到原文最后一段Eveninregardto...themoon,...theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.（即使是对于……月球……，关于它的起源和历史的理论也是截然不同，相互矛盾，难以选择。）由此可知，A选项表述的是对月球的认识，只是文章举的一个例子，与题干无关，排除；B选项“我们对它的认识是非常不可靠的”，因为对宇宙了解比较少，所以形成的认识也不可靠，B选项因果倒置，排除；D选项“很少的科学家参与天文学的研究”，原文并未提及“参与天文学研究的科学家”少，虽然提到了关于宇宙的记录很少，但是并未提到记录少的原因，D选项属于主观臆测，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

2.单选题

Youheartherefrainallthetime;theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively-andwrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrichoverpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwantsforbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity（肥胖症）.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness?

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause（

）.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”（Line3,Para.5）?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

问题1选项

A.Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

问题2选项

A.publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodemsociety

问题3选项

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

问题5选项

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfillment

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句:Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97(为什么日益增长的财富不能让人感觉日益幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年的《富裕社会》一书，作者JohnKennethGalbraith最近去世了，享年97岁),由此可知JohnKennethGalbraith在《富裕社会》一书中提到的问题是“为什么富裕不能意味幸福”即选项B。

2.细节事实题。第三段第一句:..materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent(物质主义太盛行，将滋生不满)。由此可知D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词peoplefeelsqueezed定位至第四段最后一句:Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwantsforbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections(人们感觉‘财政吃紧’，因为增长的收入常常不能满足越来越高的需求--更大的房子、更完备的医疗、更优质的教育、更快捷的网络连接)。因此选A“物质追求超出了他们的收入”。

4.词义题。“thedisposableAmerican,”在第五段,其前面句为:Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving(人们把工作稳定性当作生活水平的一部分)以及Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded(公司解雇人员在增加，削弱了工作的稳定性)。因此这些“遗弃的美国人”指不再有稳定工作的工人，故选择D。

5.细节事实题。第七段指出:Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder(“但寻求增长会带来新的焦虑和经济冲突，这些将扰乱社会秩序)。由此可知选C“新的忧虑和经济冲突”。

3.单选题

Engines[A]usedinspaceshuttlesare[B]muchlargerand[C]morestrongthanthe[D]onesusedinthecars.

问题1选项

A.used

B.muchlarger

C.morestrong

D.ones

【答案】C

【解析】【考查点】比较级用法。

【解题思路】Strong的比较级是在其后面直接加er，所以要把morestrong改为stronger。该题选择C项。

【句意】航天飞机上使用的发动机比汽车上使用的要大得多，也更坚固。

4.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

It’sabigmomentforBitcoin.(41)SenioreconomistFrancoisR.Veldewroteanelegantcritiqueofthefour-year-oldcurrency,explainingitsmechanics,limitations,andprospectsforsuccess,ultimatelydeemingita“remarkableconceptualandtechnicalachievement,whichmaywellbeusedbyexistingfinancialinstitutions.”(42)

(43)Producingabitcoin“atcurrentlevelsofdifficultyrequiresamachineworthabout$3,000andaboutadollar’sworthofelectricityperday,”meaningthecostofproducingonebitcoin,takingintoaccountthemachine’sdepreciationoverfiveyears,isabout$2.50.Whiletheestimateseemstodiscountthesteadilyrisingcosttohigher-poweredmachinesthatarenecessaryformorecomplexhashingandthepoolsofmachinesnecessaryformining—withBitcoinscurrentlyvaluedat100timesthat,youcanseewhycompaniesoffering‘mining’equipmentaredoingsuchgoodbusiness.

Veldepointsoutthatthereis$1,200billioncirculatinginU.S.currencycomparedto$1billioninBitcoin(whenheauthoredtheDecember2013paper).(44)Butevengiventhat,Bitcoinisa“relativelysmallphenomenon,”asVeldeputsit.“Butithasbeengrowing,”hewrites.“Thevalueofabitcoinhasincreasedtenfoldsinceearly2013.”

Tofurtherputitintothecontextofthelargereconomy,hewritesthat“thereareonaverageabout30bitcointransactionsperminute”vs.200,000Visatransactionsperminute,andthattheaveragebitcointransactionsizeis“about16,i.e.,ontheorderof$2,000”while“theaverageVisatransactionisabout$80.”(45)(Ofcourse,everyonceinawhilesomeonemightdropacoolmilonmininggear.)

“Sofar,theusesofbitcoinasamediumofexchangeappearlimited,particularlyifoneexcludesillegalactivities,”notesVelde.“Ithasbeenusedasameanstotransferfundsoutsideoftraditionalandregulatedchannelsand,presumably,asaspeculativeinvestmentopportunity.”

A.Veldestartsoutbylayingoutthenumbers.

B.Forthosewhohaveponderedwhatbitcoinactuallyis—currencyvs.stockvs.money—Veldehasananswer.

C.IfthiswereEconomicMeanGirls,thisisthepartofthemoviewhereLindsay“Bitcoin”Lohangetsfriendedbythepowerful,popularcrowd.

D.Atthatlevelofspending,it’sfairlyobviousthatmostoftheactivityhappeninginBitcoinisnotactuallybuyingthings(asIdidinMay),butrathertrading.

E.Thankstoarecentpricesurgetoover$250,themarketcapforthenearly12millionBitcoininexistenceisnowwellover$3billion.

F.ThedigitalcurrencyhasgottenanofficialnodfromtheoverseerofU.S.currencyintheformofaprimeroutoftheFederalReserveBankofChicago.

【答案】41.F

42.C

43.A

44.E

45.D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Veldestartsoutbylayingoutthenumbers.A.维尔德首先列出了这些数字。

B.Forthosewhohaveponderedwhatbitcoinactuallyis—currencyvs.stockvs.money—Veldehasananswer.B.对于那些一直在思考比特币到底是货币、股票还是金钱的人来说，维尔德有一个答案。

C.IfthiswereEconomicMeanGirls,thisisthepartofthemoviewhereLindsay“Bitcoin”Lohangetsfriendedbythepowerful,popularcrowd.C.如果这是经济学中的《卑鄙女孩》，那么比特币就是电影中的林赛•罗韩，受到了大家的欢迎。

D.Atthatlevelofspending,it’sfairlyobviousthatmostoftheactivityhappeninginBitcoinisnotactuallybuyingthings(asIdidinMay),butrathertrading.D.在这样的消费水平上，很明显，大多数用比特币进行的活动实际上不是购买东西，就像我在5月份做的那样，而是交易。

E.Thankstoarecentpricesurgetoover$250,themarketcapforthenearly12millionBitcoininexistenceisnowwellover$3billion.E.由于最近比特币价格飙升至250美元以上，现有的近1200万比特币的市值现在远远超过30亿美元。

F.ThedigitalcurrencyhasgottenanofficialnodfromtheoverseerofU.S.currencyintheformofaprimeroutoftheFederalReserveBankofChicago.F.这种数字货币已经以芝加哥联邦储备银行入门级的形式得到了美元监管机构的正式认可。

41.由第一句“这是比特币的重要时刻（bigmoment）”，以及第二句中的“最终认为它是一个卓越的概念和技术成就，很可能被现有的金融机构使用”，可知，比特币的重要时刻就是被认可，所以F项正确。

42.这一段讲的是比特币被美元监管机构认可，并且被认为是一个卓越的概念和技术成就，那么比特币会被人们所欢迎和支持，所以C项正确。

43.根据该段后面两句，其中提到了一些数字，如“生产一个比特币需要一台价值约3000美元的机器，每天需要消耗约1美元的电力”，而且中间三段阐述了很多关于比特币的一些数据，所以该段第一句填入A项正确。

44.由该段最后一句“自2013年初以来，比特币的价值已经增长了10倍”可知，空格处可能是与比特币的价值有关，而第一句提到“目前流通的美元有1.2万亿美元，而比特币只有10亿美元”，可推测第二句要讲的是比特币价值的上涨，所以E项正确。

45.该段第一句提到“每一分钟平均约有30比特币交易（transactions），相当于每分钟20万笔签证交易，比特币交易的平均规模是大约16次，即2000美元左右，而签证交易平均额约为80美元”，可知，比特币的消费水平比较高，并且成为一种交易，所以D项正确。

5.单选题

________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.

问题1选项

A.Parentsthat

B.Parents

C.Whenparents

D.Ifparents

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词。句意：因为父母不善于观察孩子的行为，所以离谱的行为将会到达一个难以掌控的比例。这个句子关键词是连词so，我们要连接两个完整的句子，所以答案选B；其他选项与题干结合都是把前面一半句当成从句看待，从句不能算是真正意义上的句子只能在句子中充当某个成分，所以A，C，D选项不能选。

6.单选题

Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.

问题1选项

A.outwards

B.forwards

C.sideways

D.inwards

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项outwards“向外地”，B项forwards“向前，今后”，C项sideways“向侧面地，间接地”，D项inwards“向内地，向中心地”。句意：如果你把它斜着转，你就能把桌子穿过门。根据句意可知，edgewise在句中表示“斜着”，四个选项中与之相近的意思只有C项符合。因此，该题选择C项。

7.单选题

AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.

Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,

thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.

Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.

Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.

Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.

Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.

1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?

2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof（

）.

3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththe

computerbecause（

）.

4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.

B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.

C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.

D.Heencouragedladiestopreach

问题2选项

A.decisionmaking

B.drivesandfeelings

C.growthofreasoningpower

D.informationabsorption

问题3选项

A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.

B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotion

C.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituation

D.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/

问题4选项

A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.

B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.

C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.

D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.

问题5选项

A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.

B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.

C.Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman

D.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到关于电脑最让人惊讶的不是它们没有人类擅长思考，而是它们竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士对于女人布道的看法一样，他认为让人惊讶的是女人能布道。选项B