考研考博-英语-保险职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保险职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theotherday,IsawGrandpasittinginthegarden______themoonwhilemurmuringtohimself.

问题1选项

A.staringat

B.lookingat

C.glancingat

D.gazingat

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项stareat“凝视；盯着；目不转睛地看”；B选项lookat“看；考虑；着眼于”；C选项glanceat“扫视；浏览；匆匆一瞥”；D选项gazeat“盯住；凝视；注视；注目”。stareat表达的是好奇或无礼傲慢；glanceat表达的是匆忙；gazeat表达的是感慨、喜欢或惊奇。stareat和glanceat的动作维持的时间比较长；glanceat的动作维持时间非常的短。句意：有一天，我看见爷爷坐在花园里，凝视着月亮，喃喃自语。此处的凝视带有浓厚的感情色彩，因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

ThestrangestweatheroflastyearwaspossiblynotonEarth,butontheSun.Every11years（1）theSungoesthroughacycleofsunspots——actuallymagneticstormseruptingacrossitssurface.Thenumberofsunspots（2）itsminimumin2007and（3）haveincreasedsoonafterwards,buttheSunhasremainedstrangelyquietsincethen.Scientistshavebeenbaffledasweeksandsometimesmonthshavegonebywithoutasinglesunspot,in（4）isthoughttobethedeepestsolarminimumforalmost100years.

This（5）ofsolaractivitymeansthatcosmicraysreachingEarthfromspacehaveincreasedandtheplanet’sionosphereintheupperatmospherehassunkin（6），givinglessdragonsatellitesandmakingcollisionsbetweenthemandspacejunkmorelikely.ThesolarminimumcouldalsobecoolingtheclimateonEarthbecauseofslightlydiminishedsolarirradiance.Infact,thequietspellontheSunmaybe（7）someofthewanningeffectsofgreenhousegases,accountsforthesomewhatflattemperaturetrendofthepastdecade.But（8）ifthissolarminimumisoffsettingglobalwarming,scientistsstressthattheoveralleffectisrelativelyslightandcertainlywillnotlast.

TheSunhasgoneintolongquietspellsbefore.From1645to1715fewsunspotswereseenduringaperiodcalledtheLittleIceAge，whenshortsummersandsavagewintersoftenplaguedNorthernEurope.Scotlandwashitparticularly（9）asharvestswereruinedincold,miserablesummers,whichledtofamine,death,migrationandhugedepopulation.ButwhetherthequietSunwasentirelytoblameforitremainshighly（10）.

问题1选项

A.andso

B.orso

C.onso

D.soon

问题2选项

A.increased

B.got

C.reduced

D.reached

问题3选项

A.should

B.could

C.would

D.might

问题4选项

A.which

B.that

C.what

D.how

问题5选项

A.much

B.lack

C.number

D.amount

问题6选项

A.high

B.height

C.altitude

D.space

问题7选项

A.making

B.causing

C.decreasing

D.masking

问题8选项

A.even

B.what

C.incase

D.still

问题9选项

A.hard

B.severe

C.harsh

D.heavy

问题10选项

A.certain

B.unlikely

C.likely

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】（1）考查词组辨析。andso“因此”；orso“大约，左右”；“onso不属于常规词组；soon“等等”。空格前“11years”与数字相关，因此orso更符合句意。因此B选项符合题意。

（2）考查动词辨析。increase“增加；增长”；get“获得”；reduce“减少”；“reach“达到”。句中number与minimum的关系只能是达到，因此D选项符合题意。

（3）考查语法知识。but后面表示现实情况是“太阳一直出奇地平静”，而空格前后表示“本应该上升”，所以此处应该用虚拟语气表示。shouldhavedone表示“本来应该……，却……”，因此A选项符合题意。

（4）考查语法知识。从句缺少主语，选项中只有what可以充当。因此C选项符合题意。

（5）考查上下文语义。上一段提到，科学家认为现在是100年来最低太阳黑子值，也就是说缺少太阳活动。因此B选项“lack”符合题意。

（6）考查近义词辨析。high“高的”，常见为修饰词用法；height“高度”；altitude“海拔高度”；space“空间；太空”。本句表示，上面大气层的行星电离层的高度下降了，应选择height。因此B选项符合题意。

（7）考查动词辨析。“thequietspellontheSun”与“someofthewanningeffects”之间的关系用mask“掩盖”更合适。因此D选项符合题意。

（8）考查固定搭配。evenif“即使；虽然”；whatif“假使……将会怎样”。C和D选项不与if搭配。根据句意“即使这个最小值抵消了温室效应……”，可知A选项符合题意。

（9）考查词语辨析。空格中词用来修饰前面的hit，应为副词。而选项中只有hard“猛烈地”和heavy“大量地；笨重地”。句中as“像……一样”表明空格中词语与havestswereruinedincoldmiserablesummers表示相同意思，因此A选项符合题意。

（10）考查语义。上文提到了“太阳的静止”期间发生了种种事件，句末由转折词but引导，说明句中提到“这是否归罪于太阳的静止”这一点应是“尚不明确的”，因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项ensure“保证，确保（侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果）；使安全”；B选项guarantee“保证；担保（指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保证）”；C选项assure“保证；担保（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心，从而有达到目的的保证感）；使确信；弄清楚”；D选项fulfill“履行；实现；满足；使结束”。句意：为了___反对暴政的自由，我们的先辈制定了这些规则。本句侧重表达“确保达到反对暴政的自由这一目的”。因此C选项正确。

4.翻译题

Companiesnowrealizethatvirusesaren’t“urbanmyth”,andcanbeaseriousimpactontheiroperations.Theyinvestinanti-virussoftwareonthedesktops,serversandemailgatewaysandevenputinplaceprocedurestoensuretheiranti-virusisup-to-datewiththeverylatestdetectionroutines.Anti-virussoftwaredetectsmostofthevirusesyourusersarelikelytoencounter—oftenwithouttheuserevenknowing.However,anti-virussoftwaremustbeupdatedregularly,preferablydailyinanylargecompany.Eventhen,averynewviruscaninfectyourusers.WiththerapidtransmissionoffilesthroughnetworksandtheInternet,aviruscanspreadaconsiderabledistancebeforeitcanbeidentifiedandprotectedagainst.

【答案】

各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。

5.单选题

Massmediaasacarrierandavenueofmessage（

）hasmoreandmoreimportantfunctionandforceinmodemsociety.

问题1选项

A.prognosis

B.promulgate

C.proclamation

D.prolongation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词和动词词义辨析。prognosis预知；promulgate传播；proclamation宣布；prolongation延伸。句意：大众媒体作为信息发布的载体与渠道，在现代社会中发挥着越来越重要的作用。根据句意可知，C项符合题意。

6.单选题

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda（）coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。perpetual“永久的，不断的”；permanent“固定的，永恒的，不变的”；chronic“慢性的，长期的”；sustained“持续的，持久的”。句意：这位老妇人患了慢性咳嗽，不能在短时间内完全治好。C项符合题意。

7.单选题

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

问题1选项

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的,小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。

8.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】计算题。男士说飞机上现有乘客100个，女士说还有132个空位。因此飞机总共可以容纳232个乘客。

9.翻译题

现在我们正面临着一项严峻的挑战：全球变暖。地球气候持续恶化，正在演变成一场事关紧要的战争，而从任何一个方面来看，美国正在输掉这场战争。美国每年释放的温室气体约占全球总量的25%，并声称它不打算采取任何减排措施。困难还在于，即使绝大多数人认为气候变化是个全球性的紧急事件，如何解决这个问题很难达成共识。工业界提出自己的方案，可惜这些方案通常解决不了什么问题。环保主义者也献策，可惜他们的方案往往过于天真，以至于会严重阻碍美国社会和经济的发展。但是一个宏大而有效的方案到底是什么样的呢？如何才能让我们同时拥有安全的环境和良好的经济增长？

然而，只要我们能制定出可行的战略，将短期措施和长远目标结合起来，将务实精神和雄心壮志结合起来，我们就能做到既不损害经济，又帮助遏制气候变化带来的最坏影响，并保证我们的后代在这个世界上能生存下来。要实现这个目标，最需要的是决心和意志。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowweareconfrontedwithaformidablechallenge:globalwarming.TheglobalclimategoesondeterioratingandisevolvingintoacrucialwartheUnitedStatesislosingfromanyperspective.Everyyear,theUnitedStatesemitsnearly25%oftheglobalgreenhousegasesandclaimsthatithasnointentionoftakinganyemission-reductionmeasures.Thedifficultyalsoliesinthefactthateventheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleconsidertheclimatechangetobeaglobalemergency,itisverydifficulttofindacommomgroundastohowtosolvethoseproblems.Theindustrialworldhascomeupwithschemes,whichunfortunatelyarenotsolutionstoproblems.Environmentalistsalsosuggestwaysandmeans,butregrettablytheirschemesaresonaivethattheymayhinderthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Butwhatonearthisagrandandeffectiveschemelike?Howcanwepossessbothasafeenvironmentandafantasticeconomicgrowth?

However,aslongasweworkoutfeasibletactics,combineshort-termmeasureswithlong-termgoals,integratepracticalspiritwithambition,wecannotonlyprotecteconomybutalsohelpholdbacktheworsteffectscausedbyclimatechangesandensurethatourdescendentssurviveintheworld.Torealizethisgoal,whatweneedmostisdeterminationandwill.

10.单选题

Themost（

）featureofthebuildingisitsenormousdome-shapedroof.

问题1选项

A.distinctive

B.instinctive

C.definite

D.infinite

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词辨析。distinctive“与众不同的”；instinctive“本能的”；definite“明确的”；infinite“无限的”。句意：这栋建筑的最与众不同的特点就是它那巨大的圆形屋顶。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Theamountofheatproducedbythiselectricalapparatusis（）atwillbyturningasmallhandle.

问题1选项

A.variable

B.various

C.different

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:variable“可变的”；B:various“各种各样的”；C:different“不同的”；D:diverse“不同的”。句意：由这个电子设备产生的热量是可变的--任意转动一个小的操按钮即可。根据句意，判断出A为正确答案。

12.写作题

Directions:Humanidentity,theideathatdefineseachandeveryoneofus,couldbefacinganunprecedentedcrisis.Itisacrisisthatwouldthreatenlong-heldnotionsofwhoweare,whatwedoandhowwebehave.Accordingtoneuroscientists,thiscrisiscouldreshapethewaywethink,welearnandweinteractwitheachother,alterwhatmakesushappy,andmodifyourcapacityforreachingourfullpotentialasindividuals.Itiscausedbyonesimplefact:Weareexcessivelyreliantontheuseoftheinformationtechnology.Likewise,thewaywetraditionallylearnandteachinclassroomsisunderthreatfromthemoderntechnologyandfailstoattractthepost-1990s,whohavebeennegativelystereotypedasaselfishgrouporlabeledasIphonefansorWechat-(orQQ-)addictedkids.

WhatdoyouthinkofthepossiblechangesthatcouldbemadeintheChinesetertiaryeducationtobeadaptedtothelearningneedsofthepost-1990sintheneweraofinformationtechnology?Writeacompositionofabout250wordsexpressingyourownopinions.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Note:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.,yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】略

13.单选题

Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.

问题1选项

A.premise

B.pretext

C.foundation

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提，假定”；B选项pretext“借口，托词”；C选项foundation“地基，基础”；D选项presentation“提交，展示”。根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。句意：从火星上有生命这一前提出发，这位科学家继续深入他的论点。

14.填空题

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

【答案】1.xi

2.vii

3.v

4.i

5.ix

6.ii

7.x

【解析】1.根据文章第一段，“Thehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.”，人类文明史与我们学会如何运用水资源的历史交织在一起。第一段最后列举了罗马帝国时期对水资源的控制，建立了发达的水利系统，给罗马人提供了充足的水。可判断出A段的主要内容为古代的供水系统。选项xi符合题意。

2.根据文章第三段，“morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday”，超过10亿人缺乏干净的饮用水，约25亿人没有足够的卫生净水设备。据估计，每天1万至2万名儿童死于与水有关的可预防疾病。可判断出C段的主要内容为水和健康之间的关联。选项vii符合题意。

3.根据文章第四段，“Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.”，超过20%的淡水鱼物种现在受到威胁或濒临灭绝，因为大坝和取水破坏了它们赖以生存的自由流动的河流生态系统。本段还列举了更多因为修建水利系统而带来的环境影响，可判断D段的主要内容为环境问题。选项v符合题意。

4.根据文章第五段，“Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities”，一些水资源专家现在要求以更明智的方式使用现有的基础设施，而不是建设新的设施，下文继续强调了专家们在观念上和措施上提出的转变。可判断出E段的主要内容为科学家们呼吁对政策进行改变。选项i符合题意。

5.根据文章第六段，“Fortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted…inafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.”，出乎意料的是，对水的需求并没有像一些人预测的那样迅速增长。在世界上的一些地方，对水的需求实际上已经下降。可判断出F段主要提到了人们对水的需求出现了令人惊讶的下降趋势。选项ix符合题意。

6.根据文章第七段，“Whatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.”，如何解释对水资源的需求下降（上一段已提及）的这一显著的转变？两个因素：人们已经知道如何更有效地用水，并且正在重新考虑他们用水的优先次序。可判断出G段主要对上一段提到的水资源需求下降的解释。选项ii符合题意。

7.根据文章第八段，“Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.”，与过去相比，这些项目必须按照更高的标准建造，必须考虑到当地居民及其环境影响。可判断出人们对水资源基础设施的建设提出了更高的标准。选项x符合题意。

15.单选题

Astheartistwas（）topollen,heseldomwentintothecountrytosketchthenaturalbeautyinspring.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.allergic

C.fragile

D.unchallenged

【答案】B

【解析】形容词搭配题。destructive破坏的，毁灭性的；allergic过敏的，beallergictosth.指对某物过敏；fragile脆的，易碎的；unchallenged不回避的。句意：由于艺术家对花粉过敏，所以他春天很少去乡下写生。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Iamnot（）withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.compatible

C.considerate

D.complied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的”；B选项compatible“兼容的，能共处的”；C选项considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”；D选项complied（comply的过去分词形式）“遵照，顺从”。根据句意可知，因为我无处可去所以不得不和室友住在一起，由but可知，我和室友应该是无法和谐共处。becompatiblewith为固定搭配，意为“适合，一致”。所以选项B正确。

17.案例题

Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainingalotofattentionfromthematerialworldthatitsseriouspractitionersaretryingtoescape.

Yogapractitionersaretryingtokeepthemselvesawayfromthematerialworld.

Andnowonder.Americanswhopracticeyogaareoftenwell-educated,havehigher-than-averagehouseholdincomeandarewillingtospendabitmoreonso-called"green"purchasesseenasbenefitingtheenvironmentorsociety.

"It'skindofgrowingoutofthecrunchystageofyogatotheStarbucksstage,"saidBillHarper,publisherofYogaJournal."Fromthevideosandtheclothesandthetoesocks...peoplearepursuingthismarketwithavengeance."

Aglancethroughrecentissuesofhismonthlymagazine,whosereadershiphasdoubledinthepastfouryearsto325,000,illustratesthepoint.Therearefour-coloradsfromthelikesofAsicsathleticshoes,EileenfisherapparelandFordMotorCo.YogaJournalisnowlicensingaRussianeditionandpreparingtoexpandinotherinternationalmarkets.

Americansspendsome$2.95billionayearonyogaclasses,equipment,clothing,holidays,videosandmore,accordingtoastudycommissionedbythemagazine,fuelledinpartbyageingbabyboomersseekinglessaggressivewaystostayfit.

Roughly16.5millionpeoplewerepractisingyogaintheUnitedStatesearlylastyear,instudios,gymsorathome,up43percentfrom2002,thestudyfound.

EstablishedsellersofyogagearsuchasHuggerMuggerandGaiamhavebeenfloodedwithcompetitioninthemarketforyogamats,incense,clothingandfancyaccoutrementsrangingfromdesigneryogabagstoeyepillows.

Vancouver,BritishColumbia-basedLululemonAthletica,forone,hasseensalesofitsyogaapparelriseto$100millionsinceCanadianentrepreneurChipWilsonfoundedthecompanyin1998.Customersaresnappingupitstrendypantsandtopstoweartoclassand,increasingly,tothesupermarketorouttodinner.

Anotherexpandingbusiness,Exhale,marketsitselfasa"mindbodyspa'',withtonylocationsinLosAngeles,NewYorkandotherurbanareasthatcombineyogaclasseswithfacials,massageandalternativetreatmentssuchasacupuncture.

Somequestionhowalltheconsumptionischangingadisciplinewithastrongspiritualfoundation.

"We'vetakenthisancienttradition,science,andartofyogaoutofacultureandareligionandworldviewandwe'vetriedtotransplanttotheothersideoftheplanet,"saidJudithHansonLasater,alongtimeyogainstructorandauthorwhoholdsadoctorateinEast-Westpsychology."Ibelievethere'snotacompletematch-up."

Evenso,severalentrepreneursstressedthattheyareabletoadheretoyoga'shealingprincipleswhilealsoturningaprofit.

1.Usethreewordstodescribethepracticeofyoga.（）

2.Thelargeconsumptionofyogarelatedproductsshowsthatyogahasdevelopedinto（）.

3.Whydobabyboomersgoforyogapractice?

4.GiveanexampletoshowthattheyogaclothingofLululemonAthleticaisinfashion.

（）

5.HowdoesExhalepromoteitsyogaClasses?【答案】1.Postures,breathingandmeditation.

2.Abigmarket.

3.Becausetheywanttoseeklessaggressivewaystostayfit.

4.Customersaresnappingupitstrendypantsandtopstoweartoclassand,increasingly,tothesupermarketorouttodinner.

5.Exhalemarketsitselfasa“mindbodyspa",withtonylocationsinLosAngeles,NewYorkandotherurbanareasthatcombineyogaclasseswithfacials,massageandalternativetreatmentssuchasacupuncture.

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,...”瑜伽,一种古老的体式、呼吸和冥想的练习。

2.根据第四段的内容可知,瑜伽相关用品的大量消费表明瑜伽发展成为了一个巨大的市场。

3.根据第六段的最后一句“...fuelledinpartbyageingbabyboomersseekinglessaggressivewaystostayfit.”因为他们寻求不那么激进的健身方式。

4.根据关键词“LululemonAthletica”定位到倒数第五段,根据最后一句话可找到答案。

5.根据原文倒数第四段可找到答案。

18.单选题

Theroleofgovernmentinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,（1）,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationand（2）ofnaturalresources.Awhole（3）ofpolicies,fromfarm-pricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)（4）noeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-fold（5）:acleanerenvironmentandmoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecourageto（6）thevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,not（7）Antarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesin（8）fromlandalreadyin（9）,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,anda（10）intheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

Alltheseactivitiesmayhave（11）environmentalimpact.Forexample,landclearingforagriculturesisthelargestsingle（12）ofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmay（13）watersuppliers:moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiods（14）exacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofnon-cultureandtheuseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythe（15）ofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhich（16）someinsuranceagainstpestsordiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUni