考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学陇桥学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学陇桥学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:市长是一位正直的女性，因此值得我们在政治上和经济上给予支持。

考查形近词辨析。intention意图;打算；instinct本能;直觉;integrity诚实正直;完整;完好;intensity强调。根据后半句句意“因此值得我们在政治上和经济上给予支持”可知C符合句意。

2.单选题

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorashestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural,includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

1.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould（）.

2.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices（）.

4.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）.

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

C.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

问题2选项

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

问题3选项

A.havebenefitedmanypeople

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

问题4选项

A.inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.inexaggeratedstatement

D.ascasuallyaspossible

问题5选项

A.UseHumorEffectively

B.VariousKindsofHumor

C.AddHumortoSpeech

D.DifferentHumorStrategies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.（如果你想在你的谈话中使用幽默使人们微笑，你必须知道如何识别共同的经历和问题。）和第三句Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.（根据你的谈话对象，问题会有所不同。），可知幽默最重要的是讨论的问题，并且针对不同的人要用不同的问题，故C选项“向不同的人提出不同的问题”正确。A选项“利用不同类型的观众”和D选项“对听众表示同情”：根据第一段第二、三句，幽默必须与听众相关，是因为有助于同情听众从而亲近听众，策略在于谈论的问题。B选项“取笑那些没有条理的人”：文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。A选项impolitetonewarrivals“对新人无礼”；B选项veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole“非常清楚他们神一样的角色”；C选项entitledtosomeprivileges“有权享有某些特权”；D选项verybusyevenduringlunchhours“即使在午餐时间也很忙”。根据第二段第一句theaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors（所有的听众都对医生有相同的看法）和最后一句“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”（“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时他认为自己是一名医生。”）可知，在护士眼中，医生是神一样的角色，故B选项“非常清楚他们神一样的角色”正确。其他选项不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段第一句it’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood（你就适合对餐厅难以下咽的食物开玩笑），可知对公共服务开玩笑往往幽默效果很不错，故D选项“经常拿来开玩笑”正确，C选项“不合适做幽默主题”错误。A选项“使许多人受益”和B选项“是公众关注的焦点”：文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第四段youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural…inarelaxedandunforcedmanner…makingalight-heartedremark（你必须练习到更自然……用一种轻松和自然的方式……轻松愉快地说话），可知幽默需要传达出自然和随意，故D选项“尽可能随意”正确。A选项“良好措辞”：措辞方面没有提到。B选项“尽可能尴尬”：根据第四段第一句，尴尬需要避免，C选项“陈述夸张”：根据第五段第三句，夸张陈述不是必要条件。因此D选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile（如果你想在谈话间用幽默让人发笑），后文通过原则和各种方法在讲如何恰当地使人发笑，故A选项“有效运用幽默”正确。B选项“各式的幽默”，C选项“为演讲增添幽默”，D选项“不同的幽默策略”是其中的一个方面或者细节，不足以概括全文。因此A选项正确。

3.翻译题

Americanpsychologistsholdthatthereareseveralcomponentstohavinghigh“emotionalintelligence.”Firstisself-awareness,becauseyoucanonlybeincontrolofyourlifeandyourrelationshipsifyouknowyourself.Secondisbeingabletoproperlymanageyouremotions,soyoucancontrolyourfeelingsratherthanlettingthemcontrolyou.Thirdisbeingself-motivated,andbeingabletogetthroughtoughtimesandstartover.Thefourthisbeingreceptivetootherpeople’semotions,whichiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationandhealthyrelationships.Thefifthisbeingabletomanageyourelationships,whichincludesleadershipandprofessionalmanagementskills.

【答案】美国心理学家认为，情商包括以下几个方面的内容：一是认识自己的情绪，只有认识自己，才能成为自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情绪，即能调控自己。三是自我激励，它能够使人走出生命中的低潮，重新出发。四是认识他人的情绪，这是与他人正常交流顺利沟通的基础。五是人际关系的管理，即领导和管理能力。

4.单选题

Baltimorewasfoundedin1729.ForagenerationitseemednodifferentfromadozenothersettlementsspringingupattheheadoftheChesapeakeBay;itsclaimtodistinctionconsistedofablacksmith’sshop,flourmill,andtobaccowarehouse.YetBaltimorewasfatedforamoredynamicfuturethanitsslowbeginningseemedtoportend.SpurredbyanagriculturalrevolutionintheMarylandandPennsylvaniacountrysidesaswellasdramaticdisruptionintheAtlanticeconomy,Baltimoreatmidcenturybegantoboom.By1790ithadrisentobecomethenewrepublic’s,fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston.

AlthoughtheBaltimoreoftheJeffersonianarelooked“utterlyunlikethecolonialvillagefromwhichithademerged,thetwosharedmorethanmightbeapparentatfirstglance.”Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.Despitetheestablishmentofnewgovernmentsatthestatelevelin1776,nationallevelin1788,andmunicipallevelin1797,thesamefesteringissuescontinuedtoconvulseitspolitics.IfBaltimorehadbecomericherandbigger,itsoccupationalstructure,wealthdistributionandresidentialpatternswouldhavewithstoodthepressuresofgrowthandlookedaboutthesamein1790asin1812.Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.

1.InwhatyearwasBaltimoreestablished?

2.Whichofthefollowingwasnotoneofthenation’sthreelargestcitiesin1790?

3.Inline13,theword“sparked”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Whatlevelofgovernmentwasestablishedin1788?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBaltimoreof1812canbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.1729.

B.1750.

C.1776.

D.1788.

问题2选项

A.Philadelphia.

B.Boston.

C.NewYork.

D.Baltimore.

问题3选项

A.Burned

B.Flickered.

C.Ledto.

D.Discharged.

问题4选项

A.Municipal.

B.Country.

C.State.

D.National.

问题5选项

A.Itdidnottakethewaythecitydidin1790.

B.Itdidnothavemanyfactories.

C.Itwasnotanenjoyableplaceinwhichtolive.

D.Itcouldnotgrowanylarger.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一句话指出Baltimore成立于1729。选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段最后一句提到fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston，选项D符合题意。

spark所在的句子是Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.根据前后问，3.可推断spark在句中有“导致”的意思，所以选项C符合题意。

4.文章第二段nationallevelin1788提到是在1788年建立了国家政府，选项D符合题意。

5.文章指出在狂热的城市化进程中，Baltimore在十分安定的状态下度过。1812年的Baltimore和1729年一样，是个“前工业化的城镇”（Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.）。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Nomatterhowangryhewas,hewouldnever（

）toviolence.

问题1选项

A.resolve

B.resign

C.exert

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“决心做，溶解”；B选项“离职，委托”；C选项“运用，施加影响”；D选项“凭借，诉诸”。句意：无论他有多生气，他都绝不会（）武力。这里根据句子，词义应该选诉诸，所以答案选D。

6.单选题

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

问题1选项

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。takeprecedence优先，具有/获得优先权。句意：应该首先讨论这个问题，因为它优先于所有问题。prosperity繁荣，成功；presumption放肆，傲慢；probalility概率，几率。答案A。

7.单选题

Amongallsocietieslegalmarriageisusuallyaccompaniedbysomekindofceremonythatexpressgroup（）oftheunion.

问题1选项

A.opinion

B.consistency

C.insistence

D.approval

【答案】D

【解析】opinion观点,主张；consistency一致性,相容性；insistence坚持,强调；approval批准,认可,赞同。句意：在所有社会中,合法的婚姻通常伴随着某种仪式,表达群体对婚姻的认可。选项D符合语境。

8.翻译题

Canmanbecreditedwithchoosingtherightpathwhenheknowsonlyone?Canhebecongratulatedforhiswisedecisionwhenonlyonejudgmentispossible?Ifheknowsnothingofvice,ishetobepraisedforadheringtovirtue?

Fromthedaywhenthefirstmantastedtheforbiddenfruit,hehasbeenstrugglingwiththechoicebetweengoodandevil,butwithouthisfullawarenessofthepleasingtasteofthatapple,orevenofitsexistence,wouldhebeworthyofpraisedforforbearingtoeatit?

Wisdomconsistsofthedeliberateexerciseofjudgment;knowledgecomesinthediscriminationbetweenthoseknownalternatives.Weighingthesealternativesisthewayofmaturity.Onlythendoesmanhavethestrengthtofollowhischoicewithoutwavering,sincethatchoiceisbasedfirmlyonknowledgeratherthanonanuncertain,dangerouslyshallowfoundationofignorance.

【答案】【参考译文】当知道仅有一条路可以走的时候，一个人做出的抉择还能被称为正确吗？当眼前只有一个选择时，那个人所作的决定还能算是明智的吗？如果他根本不懂什么叫罪恶，那他又是否该为坚守道义而受到称赞？

自从人类第一次偷尝禁果之后，就一直在善与恶之间的选择上作斗争，但是如果他对那禁果的可口味道，甚至于连它的存在都不知道，那他会因为克制自己不吃它而被称赞吗？

智慧的获取得益于一次次慎重的评判，而知识则来源于对已知的选择进行鉴别。权衡这些选择才是成熟之道。只有这样，一个人才能有力量毫不动摇地坚持自己的选择，因为这种选择是基于知识，而不是不确定的，非常肤浅的愚昧无知。

9.单选题

Governmenttodayplaysanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（

）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

问题1选项

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope“范围，眼界，视野”；range“范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain“领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Idisagreewiththeabhorrentwayyouuseotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.loathsome

B.wholesome

C.disgusted

D.ghastly

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项loathsome“令人厌恶的，讨厌的”，B项wholesome“健全的，有益健康的”，C项disgusted“憎恶的，反感的”，D项ghastly“可怕的，惨白的”。句意：我不同意你可恶地利用别人。根据句意可知，abhorrent在句中表示“可恶的”。因此，该题选择A项。

11.单选题

Ourbossistakingeveryonetotheballettonight,andIneedtomakesuremynewdress（）fortheoccasion.

问题1选项

A.hasbeencleaned

B.shouldhavebeencleaned

C.isbeingcleaned

D.hasbeencleaning

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。

12.单选题

StudiesofthegravityfieldoftheEarthindicate______yieldwhenunusualweightisplacedonthem.

问题1选项

A.althoughitscrustandmantle

B.itscrustandmantleto

C.thatitscrustandmantle

D.foritscrustandmantleto

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。indicate是谓语，后面接一个宾语从句作宾语，A、B、D选项不符合语法，因此错误。句意：对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。因此C项正确。

13.单选题

______energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,inanearthquake.

问题1选项

A.Accumulated

B.Assembled

C.Gathered

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Accumulated积累；积聚B.Assembled聚集；集合

C.Gathered集合；归拢（分散的东西）D.Collected收集；采集

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据谓语动词mustbereleased（必须被释放）可推知，能量积累到一定程度的时候必须释放出来，所以______energy是指“积累的能量”，accumulate指任何事物量的增加，侧重于连续不断地、一点一滴地聚积，该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

B项指把人或事物聚集在一起；

C项侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集；

D项侧重于指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来；

以上三项都不符合句意。

【句意】地下积累的能量必须以一种或另一种形式释放出来，例如地震。

14.单选题

Wedevelopedahighdegreeoftrustandaconsiderablepersonal（）.

问题1选项

A.support

B.rapport

C.export

D.apport

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项support“支持；帮助”；B选项rapport“密切关系，交往”；C选项export“输出，出口”；D选项apport“物体显形；幻想”。句意：我们发展了高度的互相信任和不错的私人密切关系。因此B符合题意。

15.单选题

Somecinema-goersinLeipzigevenconfessedthatthefilmhadmadethemfeelemotionalandslightly（

）fortheirrecentpast.

问题1选项

A.nostalgic

B.instinctive

C.intuitive

D.mirthful

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。A选项“乡愁的，怀旧的”；B选项“本能的，天生的，直觉的”;C选项“直觉的”;D选项“愉快的，高兴的”；根据关键词emotional和theirrecentpast以及句意‘莱比锡的一些电影观众甚至承认，这部电影触动了他们的情感，有点怀念他们的过去’确定A选项正确。

16.单选题

TheFordFoundationisoneoftheworld'swealthiestphilanthropicorganizations.

问题1选项

A.profligate

B.governmental

C.humanitarian

D.multinational

【答案】C

【解析】福特基金会是世界上最富有的慈善组织之一。philanthropic意为“博爱的，仁慈的”。profligate放荡的；governmental政府的，政治的；humanitarian人道主义的，博爱的；multinational多国的。选项C与之意思相近。

17.单选题

Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.Inturn,thesepolemicshaveelicitedacorrespondingbacklashfromindustry.Thesadeffectofthispolarizationisthatitisnowevenmoredifficultforindustrythanitwasahundredyearsagotorespondappropriatelytoimpactanalysesthatdemandaction.

Unliketoday’sadversaries,earlierecologicalreformerssharedwithadvocatesofindustrialgrowthaconfidenceintimelycorrectiveaction.GeorgeP.Marsh’spioneeringconservationtractManandNature(1864)elicitedwideacclaimwithoutembittereddenials.ManandNaturecastigatedEarth’sdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.Tothecontrary,theygenerallyagreedwithhim.

Why?Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens;theydisputednotthedesirabilityofconqueringnaturebutthebunglingwayinwhichtheconquestwascarriedout.Blamewasnotpersonalized.Marshdenouncedgeneralgreedratherthanparticularentrepreneurs,andthemediadidnothoundmalefactors.Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.Self-interestunderwrotemostprescribedreforms.Marsh’semphasisonfuturestewardshipwasthenawidelyacceptedideal(ifnotpractice).HisecologicaladmonitionswereinkeepingwiththeEnlightenmentpremisethathumanity’smissionwastosubdueandtransformnature.

Notuntilthe1960sdidagloomierperspectivegainpopularground.FredericClements’equilibriummodelofecologydevelopedinthe1930sseemedconsistentwithmountingenvironmentaldisasters.Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.

Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.

61.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?

62.Theauthorreferstotheequilibriummodelofecologyasan“ecologicalmystique”(line1,lastparagraph)mostlikelyinordertodowhichoneofthefollowing?

63.WhichoneofthefollowingpracticesismostclearlyanapplicationofFredericClements’equilibriummodelofecology?

64.ThepassagesuggeststheGeorgeP.Marshandtoday’secologicalreformerswouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatements?

65.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichoneofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentshouldmotivateactiontopreventfurtherdamage.

B.TheecologicalmystiqueidentifiedwithFredericClementshasbecomeareligiousconvictionamongecologicalreformers.

C.Theviewsofecologistsandindustrialgrowthadvocatesconcerningtheenvironmenthaveonlyrecentlybecomepolarized.

D.GeorgeP.Marsh’sideasaboutconservationandstewardshiphaveheavilyinfluencedthepresentdebateovertheenvironment.

问题2选项

A.Expressappreciationforhowplantsandanimalsattainmaximumdiversityandstabilitywhenleftalone.

B.Pointoutthattheequilibriummodelofecologyhasrecentlybeensupportedbyempiricalscientificresearch.

C.Underscorethefervorwithwhichtwentieth-centuryreformersadheretotheequilibriummodel.

D.Indicatethattheideasoftwentieth-centuryecologicalreformersareoftensotheoreticalastobedifficulttounderstand.

问题3选项

A.Introducingaspeciesintoanenvironmenttowhichitisnotnativetohelpcontrolthespreadofanotherspeciesthatnolongerhasanynaturalpredators.

B.Settingareasoflandasidetobemaintainedaswildernessfromwhichtheuseorextractionofnaturalresourcesisprohibited.

C.Usingscientificmethodstoincreasesthestabilityofplantsandanimalsinareaswherespeciesareindangerofbecomingextinct.

D.Developingincentivesforindustriestotakecorrectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.

问题4选项

A.Regulatingindustriesinordertoprotecttheenvironmentdoesnotconflictwiththeself-interestofthoseindustries.

B.Solvingtheenvironmentalcrisisdoesnotrequiredrasticandcostlyremedies.

C.Environmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressareequallyimportantgoals.

D.HumandespoliationoftheEarthhascausedwidespreadenvironmentaldamage.

问题5选项

A.Outliningthebackgroundanddevelopmentofconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebate.

B.Explaininghowconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateareequallyvalid.

C.Determiningwhichoftwoconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateismorepersuasive.

D.Providingexamplesofpossiblesolutionstoacurrentcrisis.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“下列哪个选项最准确地陈述了文章的主要思想？”。文章第一段中指出Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.（新出现的是观点的极端两极分化；越来越多的证据表明人类有能力不可逆转地破坏环境，再加上人们怀疑政府、工业甚至科学在防止环境破坏方面可能无能为力，这引起了环保主义者的指责性辩论），由此可知A项“越来越多的证据表明人类有能力破坏环境，应促使采取行动防止进一步的破坏”正确。B项“弗雷德里克•克莱门茨(FredericClements)所推崇的生态神秘感，已成为生态改革者的一种宗教信仰”，最后一段第一句提到Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.（生态平衡模式变成了一种生态的神秘性：环境干扰现在是荒野崇拜的禁忌），由此可知不是一种宗教信仰，B项错误；C项“生态学家和工业发展提倡者在环境问题上的观点只在最近才变得两极化”，only（只有）一词用的不恰当，C项错误；D项“GeorgeP.Marsh关于环境保护和管理的观点严重影响了目前关于环境的辩论”这只是一个例子，并不是通篇文章的主要意思，D项不选。因此该题选A。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者将生态学的平衡模型称为’生态的奥秘’(最后一段第一行)最有可能是为了做以下哪一种？”。根据题干定位到文章最后一段environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.（环境干扰现在是荒野崇拜的禁忌；自然就像一件未完工的织物，由人类的聪明才智加以完善，已经被技术所贬低和危及的自然形象所替代；启蒙运动的自然观认为，理性的管理者构建了一个更加美好的环境；与之相反，20世纪改革者的自然观要求减少人类的干预，以恢复环境的稳定。），由此可知，作者在这里指出有些改革太过于理论化而很难理解，所以D项“表明20世纪生态改革者的思想往往理论性太强，难以理解”正确。A项“对动植物在不受干扰的情况下如何获得最大程度的多样性和稳定性表示赞赏”，根据第四段最后一句Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimaxtechnologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（掠夺阻碍了这一高潮或缩短了这一有益的高潮的持续时间；技术并没有改善自然，而是破坏了它）可知，作者是对这一掠夺表示反对，对自然表示惋惜，A项内容理解错误；B项“指出生态学的平衡模型最近得到了实证科学研究的支持”，文中没有提到；C项“强调20世纪改革者对均衡模型的狂热”，文中内容没有提到改革者对均衡模型的狂热，C项不选。因此该题选D。

63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“以下哪一个实践是弗雷德里克•克莱门茨的生态平衡模型最明显地的应用？”。文章第四段中指出Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（从这个观点来看，大自然最少改变的时候是最富有成效的；未受干扰的动植物群落逐渐获得了最大的多样性和稳定性；掠夺阻碍了这一高潮或缩短了这一有益的高潮的持续时间：技术并没有改善自然，而是破坏了它。），由此可以推断B项“把一些土地划出来作为荒野加以维护，禁止使用或开采自然资源”是这一生态平衡模型的应用；A项“将一个物种引入非本地物种的环境，以帮助控制另一个不再有天敌的物种的传播”，将物种引入其他环境算是对自然的一种干扰，和生态平衡模型内容不符合；C项“在物种濒临灭绝的地区，用科学的方法来增加动植物的稳定性”和D项“制定企业激励，采取纠正措施保护环境”也是人为的干扰，都不符合这一平衡模型的内容。因此该题选B。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“文章表明，GeorgeP.Marsh和今天的生态改革者最有可能同意下列哪一种说法？”。根据第二段最后两句话ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.（但没有企业家或实业家试图反驳马什的指控，他认为砍伐森林或屠杀野生动物在经济上是必要的，也没有人认为他的生态警告是歇斯底里的）可知A项“为了保护环境而规范工业与这些工业的自身利益并不冲突”有提到；根据文章第三段第四句Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.（此外，纠正措施似乎不需要牺牲，不需要严厉的补救措施）可知B项“解决环境危机不需要激烈和昂贵的补救措施”有提到；根据文章第三段第一句Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens（马什和他的追随者把环境改善和经济发展视为既定事实）可知C项“环境改善和经济发展是同样重要的目标”也有提到；D项“人类对地球的掠夺造成了广泛的环境破坏”，根据文章第二段第三句ManandNaturecastigatedEarthsdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”（《人与自然》谴责了地球的掠夺者，因为他们肆无忌惮的贪婪，宣称人类“已经使地球表面像月球表面一样遭到了彻底的毁灭）和文章末段最后一句twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenv