考研考博-英语-信阳师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-信阳师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Lightislessvitaltoanimalsthanitistoplants;（）mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit.

问题1选项

A.forinstance

B.indeed

C.thatis

D.therefore

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词和词组辨析。A选项forinstance“例如”；B选项indeed“的确；事实上；甚至”；C选项thatis“即；就是说；换言之”；D选项therefore“因此；所以”。句意：光对动物的重要性不如对植物；事实上，大多数动物倾向于回避光明，而不是欢迎它。空格后的内容“mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit大多数动物倾向于避开光明而不是欢迎它”是对空格前句子的进一步说明，因此“事实上”符合语境，因此B选项正确。

2.不定项选择题

Anyhopeofafountainofyouthtostoppeoplefromgettingolderisalongwayoff,withsciencejustbeginningtounderstandthecomplexgenetic,physicalandhormonalcausesofaging.Butexpertssaidtherewereinterestingtargetsforstudy,includinggenesinvolvedinAlzheimer'sdisease,thehormoneDHEAandtheroleofexercisesinkeepingpeopleyoung.

StevenLambertsandcolleaguesnotedthatlevelsofDHEAweremuchlowerinolderpeople.OnestudyinadultsshowedtakingDHEAtablets“inducedaremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeinginbothmenandwomenwithouthavinganeffectonsex”.OtherstudiesonratsshowedgivingthemDHEAcouldpreventobesityanddiabetes.Buttheysaidmuchmorestudywasneeded.

CableFinchandRudophTanzisaiditwasconceivablethatgeneticengineeringexperimentscouldtransfergenesfromonespeciestoanothertoalterlifespan.However,itseemsunlikelythatafewgenesdeterminethe25folddifferenceinlifespansbetweenratsandhumans.Aninstructiveexampleisthe10-folddifferenceinlifespansoffemaleworkerbeesandqueensofthesamegenotype,whichshowmuchsloweragingduringlifespansofmanyactiveyearsofeggproduction.Thedifference—whatthebeeswerefedasjuveniles.

OneinterestinggeneticcandidatewastheAPOEgene,mutationsofwhicharelinkedwithAlzheimer'sdisease.Oneversionofthisgenedoesseemtobelinkedwithlonglife,althoughmanymorestudiesareneeded.

Forthosewhodonotwanttowait,Lamberts'teamsaidexercisecanbekeytopreventingthefrailtythatagingbrings.Lossofmusclestrengthisanimportantfactorintheprocessoffrailty.Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowedasedentarylifestylegreatlycontributestothis.Supervisedresistanceexercisetrainingcoulddoublemusclestrengthandsignificantlyincreasegaitvelocityandstair-climbingpower.Thisdemonstratesthatfrailtyintheelderlyisnotanirreversibleeffectofaginganddiseaseandcanbereducedandperhapsevenprevented.

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer'sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto（）.

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould（）.

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby（）.

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(inPara.5),thelastword“this”refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenes

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofaging

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodies

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouth

问题2选项

A.certainlymakepeopleyounger

B.helpyoulosesomeweight

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdrive

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrength

问题3选项

A.transferringcertaingenes

B.differentstrainsbetweenspecies

C.natureofone'slifelongwork

D.thedietonetakes

问题4选项

A.exercisetraining

B.preventionoffrailty

C.lossofmusclestrength

D.processofcuringthedisease.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer’sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto______.1.将阿尔茨海默病作为研究对象的具体目的是______。

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenesA.找到一种解码所有人类基因的方法

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofagingB.找出导致衰老的遗传原因

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodiesC.在人体中找到青春的源泉

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouthD.探讨运动在保持青春中的作用

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段的内容“一个有趣的候选基因是APOE基因，这种基因的突变与阿尔茨海默病有关。这种基因的一个版本似乎确实与长寿有关，尽管还需要更多的研究。”，从中可知，APOE基因与长寿有关，而该基因的变异与Alzheimer疾病有关。说明阿尔茨海默病会造成衰老。所以阿尔茨海默病是为了找出衰老的基因，B项符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“找到一种解码所有人类基因的方法”中的all太夸张，曲解原文；

C项“在人体中找到青春的源泉”表述错误，研究阿尔茨海默病是为了找出导致衰老的基因，而不是保持青春的基因，曲解原文；

D项“探讨运动在保持青春中的作用”与阿尔茨海默病研究无关，张冠李戴。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould______.2.第二段暗示服用脱氢表雄酮片剂______。

A.certainlymakepeopleyoungerA.当然让人更年轻

B.helpyoulosesomeweightB.帮助你减肥

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdriveC.不会增加性欲

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrengthD.会像增强身体力量一样对健康没有什么影响

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至文章第二段，第二句提到“一项针对成年人的研究表明，服用脱氢表雄酮片可以显著提高男性和女性的身体和生理健康水平（aremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeing），但不会对性生活产生影响（withouthavinganeffectonsex）”，从中可知，服用脱氢表雄酮片对男女身心健康都有极大的促进，但是对性生活没什么影响，C项“不会增加性欲”符合原文。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“当然让人更年轻”没有体现，无中生有；

B项“帮助你减肥”，第二段提到的是“注射脱氢表雄酮可以预防肥胖和糖尿病”，预防肥胖不代表可以帮助减肥，该项曲解原文；

D项“会像增强身体力量一样对健康没有什么影响”与原文不符，文中提到服用脱氢表雄酮片可以显著提高身体健康，该项曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby______.3.在芬奇和坦齐引用的例子中，寿命最有可能受到______的影响。

A.transferringcertaingenesA.某些基因转移

B.differentstrainsbetweenspeciesB.物种间的不同菌株

C.natureofone’slifelongworkC.一生工作性质

D.thedietonetakesD.饮食

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段列举的工蜂和蜂王的例子可知，蜂王在积极地大量产卵期间，生命老化得较慢；这也就是说寿命受到终身工作的影响。C项“一生工作性质”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“某些基因转移”是基因工程的实验，与题干无关，张冠李戴；

B项“物种间的不同菌株”没有提到，无中生有；

D项“饮食”，第二段最后一句提到“区别在于，蜜蜂幼年时吃的是什么”，根据常识，蜂王幼年时只吃蜂王浆，而工蜂幼年时吃花粉等其他蜜蜂食物，所以“蜜蜂幼年时吃的是什么”决定了它们在以后的工作职业将是什么，归根到底寿命的长短还是受到终身工作的影响，该项只是解释蜂王和工蜂的区别，与题干无关，张冠李戴。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(Para.5),thelastword“this”refersto______.4.在第五段的“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”中，最后一个单词“this”指的是______。

A.exercisetrainingA.运动训练

B.preventionoffrailtyB.预防衰弱

C.lossofmusclestrengthC.肌力丧失

D.processofcuringthediseaseD.治疗疾病的过程

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先，根据题干定位至第五段第三句“一项针对老年人的家庭研究表明，久坐的生活方式在很大程度上对此（this）起了极大作用”，结合上文“肌肉力量的丧失（Lossofmusclestrength）是衰弱过程中的一个重要因素”，从中可知，this指的就是上文提到的“肌肉力量的丧失（Lossofmusclestrength）”，故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“运动训练”、B项“预防衰弱”和D项“治疗疾病的过程”不符合上下文连接，曲解原文。

3.单选题

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thevehiclesaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes—andsometimesconsiderablylonger—asdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems—andthenpayatthecashtill.Withpaymentbythecreditcardmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecarthiefwithagoldenopportunity.

InanexclusiveAAsurvey,carriedoutatabusygarageonamainroadoutofLondon,300motoristswerequestionedoverthreedaysoftheholidayperiod.Twenty-fourpercentadmittedthatthey“always”or“sometimes”leavethekeysintheircar.Thismeansthatnationwide,amillioncarsdailybecomeeasytargetsfortheopportunistthief.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokeninto,vandalizedorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenceswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.WhenAAengineerssurveyedontowncentercarparklastyear,tenpercentofthecarscheckedwereunlocked,afigurebackedbyaHomeOfficenationalsurveythatfound12percentofdriverssometimeslefttheircarsunlocked.TheAArecommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensun-rooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspotsawayfromstreetlights—justtheplacesthieves’love.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon’tlikeaudiences.Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals.AManchesterProbationaryServiceresearchproject,whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.Neverleaveanydocumentsshowingyourhomeaddressinthecar.Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

2.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionleavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals?

3.ThecartheftisduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

4.Inordertopreventcartheft,peoplearerecommendedto

（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theuseofcreditcardsmayincreasetheriskofcartheft.

B.Itisadvisedthatthedriverstakecarkeyswiththem.

C.Mostcarsarestolenbyprofessionalthieves.

D.TheAAadvisesthatmotoristsleavetheircarslocked.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstparagraph.

B.Thesecondparagraph.

C.Thethirdparagraph.

D.Thelastparagraph.

问题3选项

A.people'scarelessness

B.unawarenessofsafeparking

C.coatleftonthecarseat

D.poorqualityofacarlock

问题4选项

A.parkcarsinquietplaces

B.useagarageandlockit

C.leaveasparecarkeyathome

D.becomeamemberofAA

问题5选项

A.analyzetheriseofthecartheftinBritain

B.reportthesurveyresultsbyAA

C.suggestthewaystoinvestigatecartheft

D.comparecarcrimewithothertypesofcrime

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcarcrimeiscommittedbytheopportunist.（虽然有高度职业犯罪涉及汽车盗窃，几乎90%的汽车犯罪是由机会主义者干的）可知只有少数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的，因此C选项“大多数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的”说法不正确。

2.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Leavingvaluablesinviewisaninvitationtothecriminals（把贵重物品放在显眼的地方是对罪犯的一种诱惑）可知选D。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness（我们自己的粗心大意给那些业余小偷助了一臂之力）可知与A选项“人的粗心”相符；由第五段中的TheHomeOfficehasfoundlittleawarenessamongdrivesaboutsafeparking（内政部发现，驾车者对安全停车的意识很低）可知与B“未意识到安全停车”相符；由第五段中的whichinterviewedalmost100carthieveslastyear,foundmanywouldinvestigateacoatthrownonaseat.（这个研究项目去年采访了近100名偷车贼，发现许多偷车贼会翻看一件扔在座位上的外套）可知与C选项“留在汽车座椅上的外套”相符，故排除A、B、C选项，因此选D，汽车锁的质量问题并没有在文中提及。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Ifyouhaveagarage,useitandlockit—agaragecarisatsubstantiallylessrisk.（如果你有一个车库，使用它并锁上它——停在车库里风险要小得多）可知B选项“用车库把它锁上”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文，可知本文主要分析了英国汽车盗窃案上升的原因：驾驶员的粗心大意；安全停车意识低；将值钱物品放到显眼处；外套扔在车座上等等，因此选A。

4.单选题

Itwasunfortunatethat,aftersotrouble-freeanarrival,heshouldstumbleinthedarkashewasrisingandseverelytwisthisankleonapieceofrock.Afterthefirstshockthepainbecamebearable,andhegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute,cuttingtheshorttwigsthathecouldfeelaroundhislegs,andspreadingthemontopoftheneedles.Hehadgreatdoubtsaboutwhetheritwouldstayburied,buttherewasverylittleelsethathecoulddoaboutit.

Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.Misthunginsoftsheetsacrossthefields.Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch,whosepointedtowerpointedhighintothecoldwinterairtowelcomethemorning.

“Ican’tgonofarther,”JohnHardingthought.“Someoneisboundtofindme,butwhatcanIdo?ImustgetarestbeforeIgoon.They’lllookformefirstupthereonthemountainwheretheplanecrashed.Ibetthey’reoutlookingforitalreadyandtheyareboundtofindtheparachuteintheend.Ican’tbelievetheywon’t.Sothey’llknowI’mnotdeadandmustbesomewhere.They’llthinkI’mhidingupthereinthetreesandrockssothey’lllookformethere.SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.”

Farabovehimonthemountainsidehecouldhearthefaintechoofvoices,startlinghimafterthegreatsilence.Lookinguphesawlightslikelittlepinpointsmovingacrossthefaceofthemountaininthegraylight.Buttheroadwasdeserted,andhestruggledalong,stillalmostinvisibleinthefirstlight,easinghisachingfootwheneverhecould,avoidingstonesandroughplaces,andlimpingquietlyandpainfullytowardsthevillage.Hereachedthechurchatlast.Agreatneedforpeacealmostdrewhiminside,butheknewthatwouldnotdo.Instead,helimpedalongitswallstowardsaveryoldbuildingstandingashortdistancefromthechurchdoors.Itseemedtohavebeenthereforever,asifithadgrownoutofthehillinside.Ithadthesameairoftimelessnessasthechurch.JohnHardingpushedopentheheavywoodendoorandslippedinside.

1.ItisknownfromthepassagethatJohnHardingwas_______.

2.JohnHardingfoundithardtohidehisparachutebecause_______.

3.Inspiteofhisbadankle,JohnHardingwasableto_______.

4.WhenJohnHardinggotoutoftheforest,hesawthat_______.

5.JohnHardingdecidedtogodowntothevillage_______.

问题1选项

A.anescapedprisoner

B.acriminalontherunfromthepolice

C.aspywhohadbeenhidingintheforest

D.anairmanwhohadlandedinanenemycountryarea

问题2选项

A.hegothisankletwistedseverely

B.thetreesdidnotgiveverygoodcover

C.theearthwasnotsoftandtherewaslittlelight

D.thepineneedleslaytoothickontheground

问题3选项

A.carryonwalkingfairlyrapidly

B.walkinadirectionthatwaslesssteep

C.bearthepainwithoutchangingdirection

D.findoutwherehehadlanded

问题4选项

A.itwasbeginningtogetmuchlighter

B.washingwashangingonthelinesinthevillage

C.thefieldswerefullofsleepingcows

D.sometreeshadbeenclearednearthevillage

问题5选项

A.tofindadoctortoseetohisankle

B.tobenearthefrontier

C.toavoidthesearchparty

D.tofindshelterinabuilding

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“...hegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.（……他收起降落伞，跛着脚走入树林，尽可能将降落伞藏好。）”可以推断出约翰•哈丁是一个降落在敌国区域的飞行员。所以D选项“一名降落在敌国地区的飞行员”正确。A选项“一个逃犯”和B选项“一个正在被警察追捕的罪犯”说法不正确，罪犯有降落伞的可能性极低；C选项“一个藏在森林里的间谍”也不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.（地面很坚硬，天又一片漆黑，这使他几乎不可能很好地完成这件事。）”，该句中的“这件事”指的就是藏降落伞，因此C选项“地面坚硬，而且几乎没有光”正确。A选项“他的脚踝严重扭伤了”是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因；关于B选项“树木没有很好的遮蔽”，文章提到“Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute...（堆在地上的松针有几英尺厚，所以他只需用松针盖在降落伞的上部……）”，由此可知松针足够遮盖住降落伞了，因此B选项错误；D选项“地上的松针太厚了”，说法错误，这正好给了降落伞一个很好的掩盖，因此C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.（他一瘸一拐地离开降落伞，绕道走了一段路，然后穿过树林往下走。他必须弄清楚自己在哪里，然后决定下一步该做什么。但他的脚踝迅速肿胀，走下坡很快就超出了他的能力范围。他走得越来越慢，在斜坡上横着走很长一段路，这就意味着他要多走几步，但不那么痛苦了。）”，由此可知C选项“忍受痛苦而不改变方向地向前走”正确。A选项“继续相当快地走”文中提到“Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly...（他走得越来越慢）”，由此可知A选项不正确；B选项“朝着不那么陡峭的方向走”说法错误，文中只提到他换了一个姿势，但是并没有更换方向；D选项“找出他降落的地方”说法错误，题干问的是“尽管脚踝受伤，约翰•哈丁依然能够……”，文章并没有提到他已经找到了自己降落的地方，只提到他想要弄清楚，因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.（当他走出树林到达山谷时，天已经破晓了）”，由此可知A选项“天开始变亮了”符合题意。B选项“村子里的绳子上挂着刚洗的衣服”文章没有提到；C选项“田野里到处都是睡觉的牛”说法错误，文章只提到了“Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch...（在村庄的教堂周围小农舍和农场建筑物像沉睡的牛群一样聚在一起……）”，并没有说到田野里到处都是沉睡的牛群；D选项“村庄附近的一些树被清除了”文章没有提到，因此A选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段的最后一句话“SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.（所以我要去村子里。运气好的话，到晚上我的脚就能走到边境了。）”，由此可知约翰•哈丁决定去村子主要是想去边境，因此B选项“靠近边境”正确。A选项“找医生治疗他的脚踝”和C选项“避开搜索队”以及D选项“在建筑中寻找庇护”都不符合题意，因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility(多才多艺).”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin).

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume_______

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat_______

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB_______.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentireinthelastparagraphto______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas______.

问题1选项

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

问题2选项

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

问题3选项

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors’mistake

问题4选项

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

问题5选项

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段开头“Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.（人们为什么要购买不断增补的《全国名人传记辞典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些评论家一样认为这本辞典不好。但是，它的价格高达65英镑，而且，你买了其他卷册了吗？你需要22卷基础册，加上每两年出版的增订卷，要买齐整套书就要买31册。）”，由此可知这本辞典每两年都要出增补卷，除非你全部都买了，否则购买最新一卷就没有意义，所以C选项“除非你收藏了所有的书”正确。A选项“因为它不值这个价”也是原因之一，却不是主要原因；B选项“相比之前的版本，它收录的词条更少”与原文意思不符；D选项“除非增订版名人传记缩短出版时间”在文章中没有提及。因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.（关于录取谁的问题，这是读者提出的问题，并且他们还将提出这样的问题。）”；“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest...Crippenisout.（罪犯的入选让人担心……但是Crippen却没有当作值得一提的人物收录其中）”；和第四段“ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.（令人惊讶的是，麦克斯•米勒被排除在名单之外，而这些名字实在不太容易记住。从中世纪开始，很多生平不详的艺术家和建筑师就有意识被收录其中。）”，由此可知D选项“编辑在选录人选上没有合理的依据”正确。A选项“编辑们有明确的规则要遵守”文章没有提到；B选项“条目中有太多的罪犯”说法错误，虽然文中有提到条目中有收录罪犯，但那只是作者为了阐述编辑们选录人选没有依据的一个例子，所以B选项错误；C选项“编辑们显然偏爱捐助者”可定位到文章第三段“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.（罪犯的入选让人担心，他们受到的关注不亚于捐助者。）”，此处是为了强调人们对罪犯入选的关注不亚于捐助者，并不是强调编辑们偏爱捐助者，C选项不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).（约翰•格罗斯显然也有类似的焦虑，因为他抱怨说，虽然凶手Christie上榜，但Crippen出局了。有人可能会回答说，绞死Evans而不是在失踪人口的条目上的Christie是不公正的。但后来克里朋被认为是第一个被电报抓获的杀人犯，他曾试图乘船逃往美国。）”。作者举出Crippen的例子，正是为了说明Crippen应该被收录进名人传记，结果却没有，作者自己也没有找出原因，因此C选项“原因不明”正确。A选项“因为他逃到了美国”说法错误，根据第三段最后一句话可知他只是试图逃到美国，并没有成功；B选项“因为死刑已被废除”和D选项“因为编辑的错误”文章均未提到，因此C选项正确。

4.判断推理题。作者在最后一段提到了辞典中包括的几个生平不详，而且是他认为被莫名其妙地收录辞典的人，用以说明他在第四段提到的观点，即编辑在收录人选时没有合理的依据。所以B选项“强调他的观点”正确。A选项“举例说明DNB的一些特征”不符合段意；C选项“打动读者的内容”和D选项“强调中世纪的人”都与文章意思不符，因此B选项正确。

5.观点态度题。结合文章，可知作者全文都在批评名人传记一书，如第一段作者说道“除非你全部都买了，否则购买最新一卷就没有意义”，由此表示他觉得没有必要购买此书；又如后面作者提到该辞典的编辑在收录人选时没有合理的依据等等，都在表示作者对该书充满讽刺与批评。A选项“称赞的”；B选项“支持的”；C选项“讽刺的”；D选项“充满仇恨的”。由此可知C选项更符合题意。

6.问答题

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

7.单选题

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals,seemtobe_______，andther