考研考博-英语-临汾职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-临汾职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Therewassnoweverywhere,sothattheshapeofthingswasdifficultto（）.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.authorize

C.justify

D.rationalize

【答案】A

【解析】identify识别，认同；authorize授权给，许可，批准；justify替……辩护，证明合法；nationalize使合理化。句意：到处都是雪，所以东西的形状很难辨认。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

问题1选项

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

问题2选项

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

问题3选项

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

问题4选项

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

问题5选项

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.文章主旨题。浏览全文，本文的主题人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主题句为原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡罗是一位热情的政治活动家，在她的艺术中，她不仅寻求探索自己的根源，而且还支持墨西哥争取独立的政治和文化身份的斗争。）”其中的关键词为herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。从而得出本题答案。

32.

细节推断题。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication体现了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political与选项B重现；notonly...butalso...体现了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic为互相补充的关系。从而得出本题答案。

33.事实细节题。根据题干关键词theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句。“InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世纪，人们对墨西哥文化和历史的兴趣重新燃起，到20世纪初，墨西哥原住民主义的倾向从对阿兹特克墨西哥的强烈反西班牙理想化，到强调当代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的关键。）”从而得出本题答案。

34.语义题。根据题干信息定位到第二段最后一句。“Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思为“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根据原文中的traditional,ideal判断得出本题答案。

35.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词Kahlo’sattitude,theeconomicdevelopmentofMexico可以定位到最后一段第一句，“KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.”第一句中提到了Kahlo’sattitude，她支持plannedeconomicdevelopment，接着but转折，不能以culturalidentity为代价。从而得出本题答案。

3.单选题

It’snicetohaveclosefriendsandfamilyyoucan（

），butitliftsahugeweightoffyourshoulderswhenyouknowthatyoucouldsurviveonyourownifyouhadto.

问题1选项

A.copewith

B.counton

C.conformto

D.committo

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。copewith“处理，应付”；counton“指望，依赖”；conformto“符合，遵照”；committo“交付，致力于”。句意为：有亲密的朋友和家人可以依靠固然很好，但是当你知道在不得已的情况下，你可以独立生活，那时你便会卸下一身重担。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall（）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

问题1选项

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项orrather“更准确说，倒不如说”，B项ratherthan“而不是”，C项butrather“而宁可说是”，D项otherthan“除了，不同于”。根据关键词drug（药物）和sugarpills（糖丸）可知，空格前后表转折，只有C项表示转折。句意：有时病人遭受严重的疼痛可以通过“药物”来缓解，这些“药物”根本不是药物，而是不含任何活性化学元素的糖丸。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.单选题

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

问题1选项

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

问题1选项

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...为固定搭配，意为“对...表现出兴趣”。所以选项D正确。

7.问答题

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seedandfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandproviding,flood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(杂交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatimpactdidthedecliningdemandforAmericanfarmproductshaveonAmericanfarmproducts?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatworsenedAmericanfarmers’financialsituationin1930s?

3.WhywastheFederalFarmBoardestablishedin1929?

4.WhatwasplannedintheAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoraisefarmprices?

5.WhywastheAgriculturalAdjustmentActdeclaredunconstitutional?

【答案】答：

1.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.

2.GreatDepression.

3.Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

4.Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction.

5.Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers.

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干意思是“对美国农产品需求的下降对美国农产品产生了什么影响？”。文章第一段提到Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.（随着欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复过来，并开始实施紧缩计划以减少进口，20世纪20年代对美国农产品的需求下降了；结果是农产品价格急剧下降），因此答案为Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices（结果是农产品价格急剧下降）。

2.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，是什么恶化了20世纪30年代美国农民的财政状况？”。第一段最后一句提到ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.（从1929年开始并延续到1939年的大萧条使这些发展更加恶化），由此可知答案为GreatDepression（经济大萧条）。

3.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么联邦农业委员会成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到itrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.（代表了为农民提供更大经济稳定性的第一个国家性的承诺），由此可知答案为Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers（为农民提供更大的经济稳定性）。

4.推理判断题。题干意思是“农业调整法案中有什么提高农产品价格的计划？”。第三段第三句和第四句提到ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.（这项法律赋予农业部长权力，通过与农民签订自愿协议减少产量，这些农民得到报酬，不再使用他们的土地；故意的农产品短缺是为了提高价格而计划的），由此可知，通过与农民签订自愿协议，给予农民补贴减少土地使用权，降低农产品产量可以提高农产品价格；即缩小生产规模。因此答案为Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction（鼓励农民缩小生产规模）。

5.细节推理题。题干意思是“为什么《农业调整法案》被宣布为违宪？”。第三段第五句提到ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.（最高法院宣布这项法律是违反宪法的，因为全民的税收都被用来为一个特殊群体服务），由此可知，《农业调整法案》被宣布为违宪是因为它以损害别人的利益来使农民受益；故答案为Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers（这项法律以损害他人利益为代价使农民受益）。

8.单选题

ItisinterestingtoreflectforamomentuponthedifferencesintheareasofmoralfeelingandstandardsinthepeoplesofJapanandtheUnitedStates.TheAmericansdividetheseareassomewhatrigidlyintospiritandflesh,thetwobeinginoppositioninthelifeofahumanbeing.Ideally,spiritshouldprevailbutalltoooftenitisthefleshthatdoesprevail.TheJapanesemakenosuchdivision,atleastbetweenoneasgoodandtheotherasevil.Theybelievethatapersonhastwosouls,eachnecessary.Oneisthe"gentle"soul,theotheristhe"rough"soul.Sometimesthepersonuseshisgentlesoul,sometimeshemustusehisroughsoul.Hedoesnotfavorhisgentlesoul,neitherdoeshefighthisroughsoul.Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.Happyendings,eitherinlifeorinfiction,areneithernecessarynorexpected,sincethefulfillmentofdutyprovidesthesatisfyingend,whateverthetragedyitinflicts.Anddutyincludesaperson'sobligationstothosewhohaveconferredbenefitsuponhimandtohimselfasanindividualofhonor.Hedevelopsthroughthisdoublesenseofdutyaself-disciplinewhichisatoncepermissiveandrigid,dependingupontheareainwhichitisfunctioning.

Theprocessofacquiringthisself-disciplinebeginsinchildhood.Indeed,onemaysayitbeginsatbirth—howearlytheJapanesechildisgivenhisownidentity!IfIweretodefineinawordtheattitudeoftheJapanesetowardtheirchildrenIwouldputitinonesuccinctword.Love?Yes,abundanceoflove,warmlyexpressedfrom.themomentheisputtohismother'sbreast.Foramotherthisnursingofherchildisimportantpsychologically.

Rewardsarefrequent,abitofcandybestowedattherightmoment,aninexpensivetoy.Astimecomestoenterschool,however,disciplinebecomesfirmer.Tobringshametothefamilyisthegreatestshameforthechild.

WhatisthesecretoftheJapaneseteachingofself-discipline?Itlies,Ithink,inthefactthattheaimofallteachingistheestablishmentofhabit.Rulesarerepeatedoverandover,andcontinuallypracticeduntilobediencebecomesinstinctive.Thisrepetitionisenhancedbytheexpectationoftheelders.Theyexpectachildtoobeyandtolearnthroughobedience.Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.

Now,farawayfromthatwarmJapanesehome,IreflectuponwhatIlearnedthere.What,Iwonder,willtaketheplaceofthewebofloveanddisciplinewhichforsomanycenturieshassurroundedthelifeandthinkingofthepeopleofJapan?

1.AccordingtoJapanesebeliefachildisborn（）.

2.ThetrainingoftheJapanesechildcanbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Intheteachingofself-disciplinetheJapaneseemphasize（）.

4.TheJapaneseideaofvirtueis（）.

5.TotheJapanese,theaimofexistenceis（）.

问题1选项

A.basicallygood

B.amoral,neithergoodnorevil

C.withtwosoulswhichareincombatwithoneanother

D.insin

问题2选项

A.asystemofrewardsandpunishments

B.frequentdiscipliningwhichbecomesmoreinexorablysevereasthechildgrowsolder

C.benevolentandindulgentduringtheearlyyears,butsomewhatmoresevereasthechildgrowsolder

D.almostentirelypsychological

问题3选项

A.dutytoone'sfamilyandrelations

B.earlytoilettrainingcombinedwithrestrictivemovement

C.heavyexternalcontrolincludingbothverbalandphysicalpunishment

D.apermissiveatmospherealmostuntilpuberty

问题4选项

A.sublimatingthe"rough"soultopermitascendancyofthe"gentle"soul

B.fulfillingone'sobligationstoothers

C.doinggoodandavoidingevil

D.beingfriendlyandcourteoustoallpeople

问题5选项

A.thepursuitofhappiness

B.rewardintheafterlife

C.ahappyendingtoone'sactivities

D.fulfillingone'sduty

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段“Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.”日本哲学家坚持认为,人性本身是好的,一个人不需要与自己的任何一部分作斗争。他只需要学习如何在适当的时候恰当地使用每一个灵魂。所以选项A符合原文。

2.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.”这种要求一开始是温和的,根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整,随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了,可以肯定的说是越来越无情了。选项C符合原文。

3.本题与上一题意思相近,这种要求一开始是温和的,根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整,随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了,可以肯定的说是越来越无情了。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第一段中提到的“VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.”可知选项B符合原文。

5.根据第一段的后半部分的内容可知,对于日本人来说,存在的目的就是履行职责。所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane’stake-off.

问题1选项

A.simultaneously

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项simultaneously“同时地”；B选项instantaneously“突如其来地，即刻”；C选项spontaneously“自然地，自发地”；D选项conscientiously“凭良心地，认真地”。当虚拟条件句中的谓语含有were，had，should时，可省略连词if，将were，had，should置于句首。Hadtheexplosionbrokenout=Iftheexplosionhadbrokenout（如果爆炸突然发生），由“爆炸发生”与“飞机上的乘客死亡”可推测这两个动词应是同时发生的，因此选A。句意：如果爆炸突然发生，飞机上的乘客就会被杀死，因为爆炸发生的时间和飞机起飞的时间是同一时间。

10.不定项选择题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthatherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses―thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbytrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handing,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshallnotknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectandbecausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby_____factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

问题2选项

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

问题3选项

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

问题4选项

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

问题5选项

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三段倒数第一、二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong（我们倾向于认为是社会的影响造成了这些差异。但我们可能错了），第二步寻找上下文线索，文章后面的解释可以知道我们倾向于认为社会因素导致两性之间的思维和行为方式不同，但是研究表明这些是因为大脑结构导致的，所以C选项“科学研究的结果无法支持大众的信念”正确；

A选项“生物学家正在进行心理学家已经放弃的研究”，定位到第一段第四句话Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield…（现在生物学家们已经进入了这个雷区……），这里只是说生物学家开始探究男女之间的差异，但是没有说到心理学家已经放弃这个领域了，A选项属于无中生有，所以不选；

B选项“大脑的差异表明了两性之间的优越性”，定位到最后一段最后一句Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse（但他们匆忙地指出，不同并不等同于更好或更差），B选项的表述错误，这里属于反向干扰，所以不选；

D选项“两性之间大脑结构的差异早已为人所知”，定位到第三段第三句Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen（这是首次发现女性和男性大脑结构上的差异），从这里可知D选项表述错误，属于反向干扰，所以不选。

第2题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段倒数第二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我们倾向于认为是社会的影响造成了这些差异）。第二步，综合理解，由这里可知答案选D选项“社会”；

A选项“生物”，文中第一段有提到生物学家和心理学家都在研究两性之间的不同，但是主题不是人们的心理认知，这里属于曲解原文。

B选项“心理”；同A选项。

C选项“身体的”，文中完全没有提到生理这个因素，属于无中生有。

第3题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段第一句Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但在这个基础上解释男女技能的实际差异并不那么容易）由这里可知答案选A选项“男人和女人的技能”；

B选项“学习科目”，定位到第五段第二句话Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.（在世界各地的学校里，女孩在“语言科目”上往往比男孩好，而男孩在