考研考博-英语-上海应用技术大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海应用技术大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

______energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,inanearthquake.

问题1选项

A.Accumulated

B.Assembled

C.Gathered

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Accumulated积累；积聚B.Assembled聚集；集合

C.Gathered集合；归拢（分散的东西）D.Collected收集；采集

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据谓语动词mustbereleased（必须被释放）可推知，能量积累到一定程度的时候必须释放出来，所以______energy是指“积累的能量”，accumulate指任何事物量的增加，侧重于连续不断地、一点一滴地聚积，该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

B项指把人或事物聚集在一起；

C项侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集；

D项侧重于指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来；

以上三项都不符合句意。

【句意】地下积累的能量必须以一种或另一种形式释放出来，例如地震。

2.翻译题

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地资源支撑着全球可持续发展，它们还是我们与穷困、食品不安全和气候变化作斗争的关键元素。与其他自然资源复杂地交织在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全链条中（nexus）不可分割的组成部分。由于风沙和水的侵蚀，世界每年失去约240亿吨肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的恶化（degradation）不仅是一个物理或生物化学问题，而且常常与社会经济各方面相联系。贫穷和被边缘化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地恶化的影响，因为通常是他们拥有这些恶化的土地。

（42）为了使贫困的小规模农业耕种社区达到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）极端贫困，我们需要处理与土地恶化相关的一系列复杂问题。土壤和土地恶化既是技术问题，也是管理（governance）问题。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

3.翻译题

1.上周四，世界观察研究学会一年一度的“地球健康体检”报告出炉。2005年，地球的森林砍伐量创历史新高，这是该报告强调的众多环境问题征兆之一。

该驻华盛顿智囊机构在一份题为《地球生命征兆2007-2008》的报告中指出，从肉类消费量的不断增长到亚洲经济发展等各种全球性态势与气候变化这一显著问题都有关系。

“地球声明征兆2007-2008”项目的负责人说，“我认为气候变化是人类有史以来所面临的最严峻的挑战”。

在报告公布前，阿萨多利安在接受记者的电话采访时说，2.“我们可以看到气候变化中出现的众多趋势，比如，粮食生产受到洪涝灾害的影响；以及肉类生产，据统计，家禽饲养过程中所产生的温室气体占温室气体总排放量的20%”。

阿萨多利安说，3.这份报告的主题是，二氧化碳排放及其他生态灾难引起气候变化，“不可持续”的消费模式才是气候变化的罪魁祸首。

【答案】1.Morewoodwasremovedfromforestsin2005thaneverbefore,oneofmanytroublingenvironmentalsignshighlightedonThursdayintheWorldWatchInstitute’sannualcheckoftheplanet’shealth.

2.“Youseemanytrendsinclimatechange,whetherwearetalkingaboutgrainproductionwhichisaffectedbydroughtsandflooding,ormeatproductionaslivestockproductionmakesupabout20percentofgreenhousegasemissions.”

3.Thekeymessageofthereportwasthatunsustainableconsumptionpatternswereresponsibleforclimatechangelinkedtocarbonemissionsandotherecologicalwoes.

4.单选题

Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.

It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.Fromarelationshipperspective,thatcanbeagoodandbadthing.Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink,butwhere’stheintimacyinthatwhenthosefeelingsarealsobeingbroadcasttohundredsofFacebookfriendsandthousandsofTwitterfollowers.

RecentdatafromPewResearchCentersuggeststhatsocialmediaismakingitswayintorelationshipmorethanever,with74%ofcouplessurveyedsayingtheInternethasimpactedtheirrelationshipinagoodway.Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia,with71%ofwomenparticipatingcomparedwith62%ofmen,accordingtothelatestreportfromWomen’sMediaCenter.However,whatpsychologistsandresearchersfindespeciallyinterestingisthat,whilewomenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface,menaremuchlesslikelytodothesame.

EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.However,“whilesociallyapprehensivefemalesshareequallyacross”.

OtherresearchfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatmenareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.

56.Fromthewordsused,itcanbeknownthatthetoneofthefirstparagraph______.

57.Whydoesamanprefertoexpressonlineratherthaninpersonaccordingtothepassage?

58.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutwomenisNOTtrue?

59.Accordingtothepassage,menandwomenremaintheirsocialmediaaccountforthefollowingreasonexcept______.

60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutmen’susingsocialmedia?

问题1选项

A.critical

B.ironic

C.ridicule

D.enthusiastic

问题2选项

A.Socialmediaisthoughttobemorepowerful.

B.Socialmediaisbelievedtobesafeandpeaceful.

C.Helikeshisopiniontobeexposedtomoreaudience.

D.Heisusuallyshyinfrontofanindividualwhiletalking.

问题3选项

A.Theygotnegativelyimpactedbysocialmedia.

B.Theyusesocialmediamoreoftenthanmendo.

C.Theyknowtheirspousesmuchbetterfromsocialmedia.

D.Theyarewillingtousebothsocialmediaandfacetofacetalk.

问题4选项

A.makingcomplaints

B.gettingsupports

C.makingfriends

D.experiencingsocialanxiety

问题5选项

A.Menseldomsharetheiremotionallifeonit.

B.Mentrytogetsupporttohisworkonline.

C.Menarecreativeinwriting,artandthinking.

D.Mentendtomaketheircreativeworkknown.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“从用词可以判断第一段的语气是如何的？”。第一段指出Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.（如果你是一个喜欢社交媒体的女人，你可能会想到这样一个场景：你们一起坐在沙发上默默地看电视。当你花点时间浏览你的推特时，你会发现你的另一半一直在推特上分享关于《纸牌屋》的一系列个人想法——尽管他还没有对你说过一个字）；文中用了一个贬义词“butterfly（追求享乐的人）”，可以推断这段语气是嘲讽，所以C项“讥讽、嘲笑”符合。A项“批判的”不符合题意；B项“讽刺的、反话的”，是指用反话讽刺，文中没有用反话所以不符合题意；D项“热情的”错误。因此C选项正确。

57.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“为什么男士更喜欢在网上表达而不是当面表达？”。第二段提到It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.（男性对自己的想法和感受往往比女性守口如瓶，这并不奇怪，但社交媒体为一些男性创造了一个避风港，他们可以用自己在现实生活中从未有过的方式在网上表达自己），可以推断，男性认为社交媒体是安全的。A项“男性认为社交媒体是有力量的”没有提到；C项“男性喜欢把想法讲给观众听”，文中只是说社交媒体为男性提供了避风港；D项“在一个人面前说话会害羞”，这里只是说了男性与女性相比，男性不爱表达。因此B选项正确。

58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，下列哪一项关于女性的说法是不正确的？”。第三段第三行提到Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia（女性比男性更有可能使用社交媒体），证明B项“她们使用社交媒体比男性更频繁”正确；第二段最后一句Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink（现在，女性可以通过社交媒体来更深入地了解伴侣的想法）可知，C项“通过社交媒体，她们会更加了解自己的伴侣”正确；第三段倒数第二行womenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface（女性也同样愿意与某人面对面地分享她们在数字世界中迸发的想法）可知，D项“她们既乐意在社交媒体也愿意面对面交流”正确；而A项“她们受到社交媒体的负面影响”文章没有提及，只在第四段第二行提到thereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupports（因此，男性和女性更需要表达自己的负面情绪并寻求支持）。因此，该题选A。

59.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“男性和女性保持使用社交媒体的理由是以下除了……选项？”。从第四段EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.（迈阿密大学博士生EvaBuechel研究为什么人们在线分享内容，他发现男性和女性经历社会焦虑，也因此更需要表达自己的负面情绪，寻求支持，同样有可能保持一个博客或社交媒体账户）可以看出，A项“抱怨”、B项“得到支持”、D项“经历社会焦虑”均提到，唯独C项“交朋友”没有提及。所以该题选C。

60.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“关于男性使用社交媒体，从最后一段可以推断出……？”。最后一段讲到menareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.（男性越来越愿意在网上分享他们的创造性工作，如写作、音乐或艺术；在2008年的一项研究中，近三分之二的男性表示他们会在网上发布自己的工作，相比之下，只有一半的女性会在网上发布工作）；可以推断男性更愿意分享自己的工作，A项“男性从来不分享他们的感情生活”没有提到；B项“男性希望在网上得到工作上的支持”也没有提到；C项“男性在写作、艺术和思考方面更有创造性”文中并没有说到，只是说他们愿意分享。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Shehesitatedfora（）ofasecondbeforeacceptinghischallengetoagameoftennis.

问题1选项

A.fiction

B.function

C.friction

D.fraction

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。fiction小说;function功能;friction摩擦;fraction部分。afractionof意为"一小部分,零点几",为固定搭配。句意：在接受他的网球挑战之前,她犹豫了片刻。所以选项D正确。

6.单选题

We’dbetter（）ourwatchesifweallwanttobethereatthesametime.

问题1选项

A.harmonize

B.synchronize

C.symbolize

D.systematize

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我们都想在同样的吋间到达那里，那么我们最好让我们手表的时间一致。

考查动词辨析。harmonize使和谐，以和声唱；synchronize（使）同步，在吋间上一致，同速进行；symbolize象征，用符号表现；systematize使系统化，使组织化。故选B。

7.单选题

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

问题2选项

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

问题3选项

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

问题4选项

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

问题5选项

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他们的志向是什么，几乎在所有事情上都会做得更好。”选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据时间点“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越来越多的研究表明，我们对相貌平平的偏见比以往任何时候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力决定一切。”选项A在文中没有提及；选项C相对于选项B和D来说更加准确，因此本题选C。

3.判断推理题。根据关键词“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新闻周刊》调查了202名企业人事部经理，从人力资源的员工到高级副总裁，以及964名公众，只是为了确认不合格员工想要承认的事情：从招聘到办公室争斗再到晋升，实际上，看上去不错不再是我们认为无价值的或者无用的而不予考虑。”选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项D明显错误；所以只有选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的职业女性已经实现了“平等”：她们在劳动力中占据优势；她们是家庭的经济支柱；她们因为不得不颠覆性别而畏畏缩缩，不管是在会议室还是在海滩上。”也就是说，她们是不愿意颠覆自己的性别的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她们被认为太女性化、不够聪明、不够能干——不仅是男性，她们的女性同龄人也这么认为。”选项C符合原文。

8.单选题

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

问题2选项

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

问题3选项

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

问题4选项

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人类感知的目的是使世界变得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意义的归属是行动的前提和准备。”可知C项“如果世界没有提前被赋予具体意义，那么对于世界的任何反应都是不可能的”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.这是解释者根据过去的经验和普遍的动机而得出的结论。因此，意义的归属始终是一个创造性的过程，通过这个过程，原始的感觉被转化为符合观察者的目标。”答案B

第3题:细节事实题。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每个观察者从不同的角度来看待每一个对象和信息。每个人都会注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D项正确，答案D

第4题:主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到，世界必须被赋予具体的意义。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人们看待事物的视角和观点不同，那么赋予事物的含义也会不同。”可知整篇文章作者的写作目的是表明事物的含义都是人赋予的，是主观的东西。答案B

9.单选题

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30million

participantsofallages.

问题1选项

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娱乐”；symposium“座谈会’；penalty“惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganized,peopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments.“Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate,hesays.“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways“bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturecontexts,”writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisagoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled“JapaneseSchoolgirlWatch”，servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry’smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan’sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan’smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ifyoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:damedesu?—it’snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalking

onamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreason?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat________.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause_______。

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

问题1选项

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpo