考研考博-英语-上海电力大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海电力大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thecharitableorganizationsetupa（

）forpeopleescapingfromthewarzone.

问题1选项

A.receipt

B.regiment

C.reign

D.refuge

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项receipt“收据、收入”；B选项regiment“大量的人、统治”；C选项reign“任期、主宰期”；D选项refuge“避难、避难所”，根据句中关键词“warzone交战地带”可联想到refuge“避难、避难所”，句意为：这个慈善组织为逃离战区的人们设立了避难所。故正确答案选D。

2.单选题

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

问题1选项

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句用法。“过去分词+asitis(was)”“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”是一种强调语气的表示原因的结构。由于lying为lie的现在分词，故用“现在分词+asitdoes(did)”这个句型，此句相当于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤矿位于深山深处，所以必须从深谷里运来。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

问题2选项

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

问题3选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题4选项

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱(JulesMichelet)在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词“eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。

4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化——我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。

4.单选题

Youhavetothawthemeatbeforeitcanbecooked.

问题1选项

A.tenderize

B.defrost

C.season

D.braise

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。thaw意为“(结冰后)解冻，融化，融解”；tenderize意为“使嫩，使软化”；defrost意为“（给……）化霜，（使）解冻”；season意为“加调料调味，加作料”；braise意为“炖，焖”。

句意：烹饪肉之前，你得先解冻它。

5.单选题

Whatyousaynowisnot（

）withwhatyousaidlastweek.

问题1选项

A.persistent

B.insistent

C.permanent

D.consistent

【答案】D

【解析】句意:你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不一致。

考查形容词辨析。Persistent坚持的,固执的;insistent坚持的,迫切的;permanent永久的,持久的;consistent始终如一的,持续的。因此D符合句意。

6.单选题

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

问题1选项

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项pompous“自大的，浮夸的，华而不实的”，B项permissible“可允许的，获得准许的”，C项adoptive“采用的，有收养关系的”，D项complacent“自满的，得意的，满足的”。由修饰time的定语从句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝视一个人，而不显得亲密、粗鲁或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允许的”符合句意。句意：对于任何一种社交场合，都有一个允许的时间，你可以在不显得亲密、粗鲁或咄咄逼人的情况下凝视对方。因此，该题选择B项正确。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Handinhandwiththerecentspectacularadvancesinradiotechnology,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthescientificandpublicrespectabilityoftheentiresubjectofextraterrestriallife.AclearsignofthenewattitudeistheVikingmissionstoMarswhicharetoasignificantextentdedicatedtothesearchforlifeonanotherplanet.Butalongwiththeburgeoningdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundantwhyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?Thinkoftheadvancesbyourowntechnologicalcivilizationinthepasttenthousandyearsandimaginesuchadvancescontinuedovermillionsorbillionsofyearsmore.Ifonlyatinyfractionofadvancedcivilizationsaremillionsorbillionsofyearsmoreadvancedthanours,whyhavetheynotproducedartifactsdevicesorevenindustrialpollutionofsuchmagnitudethatwewouldhavedetectedit?

【答案】随着无线电技术的突飞猛进，科学界和公众对外太空生物这一个课题的认识有了极大的提高。这种新态度明显的标志事件就是向火星发射“海盗”号火星探测器。这些发射在很大程度上是致力于去寻找其他星球上的生物。但是随着对这项研究的不断投入，出现了一些带否定意味但是很有趣的声音。近来少数科学家提出了一个奇怪的疑问：如果外太空生物多的话为什么我们没有看到任何相关迹象？想想我们在过去一万年里科技文明的进步。再设想一下，这些进步将持续数百万甚至十亿年的时间。如果有某个地方的文明比我们的文明先进数百万年或者数十亿年，他们为什么不能生产出一些物件，器械装置和我们本应该检测到的大量的工业污染？

8.翻译题

(1)Sciencefictioncanhelptoexplainwhatscienceandscientistareallabouttothenon-scientists.Itisnoaccidentthatseveralhundreduniversitiesandpublicschoolsarenowofferingsciencefictioncoursesanddiscoveringthattheseclassesareameetinggroundforthescientist-engineersandthehumanists.Scienceandfiction.Reasonandemotion.

Theessenceofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.Bytakingthought,mencanmovemountains—andhave.Inthissense,scienceisanutterlyhumanisticpursuit.

Muchofsciencefictioncelebratesthisspirit.(2)Veryfewsciencefictionstoriespicturehumanityasapassivespecies,allowingthetidalforcesofnaturetoflowfreely.Theheroesofsciencefictionstories—thegodsofthenewmythology—strugglemanfullyagainstthedarkness,whetherit’sgeologicaldoomforthewholeplanetortheevilofgraspingpoliticians.Theymaynotalwayswin.Buttheyalwaystry.

Perhaps,however,themostimportantaspectofsciencefiction’sroleinthemodernworldisbestsummedupinasingleword.Change.

Afterall,sciencefictionistheliteratureofchange.Eachandeverystorypreachesfromthesamegospel:tomorrowwillbedifferentfromtoday,violentlydifferentperhaps.

(3)Sciencefictionveryclearlyshowsthatchanges—whethergoodorbad—areaninherentDartoftheuniverse.Resistancetochangeisanarchaic,andnowadaysdangerous,habitofthought.Humanity’smostfruitfulcourseofactionistodeterminehowtoshapethesechanges,howtoinfluencethemandproduceanenvironmentwherethechangesthatoccurarethosewewant.

Perhapsthisistheultimateroleofsciencefiction:toactasaninterpreterofsciencetohumanity.Thisisatwo-edgedweapon,ofcourse.Itisnecessarytowarnaswellasevangelize.(4)Sciencecankillaswellascreate;technologycandeadenthehumanspiritorliftittothefurthermostcornersofourimaginations.Onlyknowledgeablepeoplecanwiselydecidehowtousescienceandtechnologyforhumankind’sbenefit.Intheend,thisistheultimateroleofallart:toshowourselvestoourselves,tohelpustounderstandourownhumanity.

【答案】（1）科幻小说可以帮助解释科学和科学家都是关于非科学家。几百所大学和公立学校现在开设科幻课程，并发现这些课程是科学家、工程师和人文主义者的聚会场所，这并非偶然。

（2）很少有科幻小说把人类描绘成一个被动的物种，任由大自然的潮汐力自由流动。科幻故事中的英雄——新神话中的神——勇敢地与黑暗抗争，无论是对整个地球的地质毁灭，还是贪婪的政客的邪恶。

（3）科幻小说非常清楚地表明，变化——不管是好是坏——是宇宙固有的飞镖。抵制改变是一种过时的、在今天也是危险的思维习惯。人类最富有成效的行动方针是决定如何塑造这些变化，如何影响它们，并产生一种环境，在这种环境中发生的变化是我们所希望的。

（4）科学可以创造，也可以杀人；技术可以麻木人类的精神，也可以把它提升到我们想象的最遥远的角落。只有有知识的人才能明智地决定如何利用科学技术造福人类。最后，这是所有艺术的终极角色：向自己展示我们自己，帮助我们理解我们自己的人性。

9.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

10.不定项选择题

ApaperpublishedinNatureinJulyfoundthatEstonia(爱沙尼亚)hadoneofthehighestratesofforestlossinEurope.TherehadbeenarapidincreaseinforestharvestingacrossmanyEuropeancountries,theauthorsofthestudyfound,whichseemedbroadlylinkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts.

Worldwide,astheareacoveredbyforestshasdecreasedbymorethan440millionacressince1990,treeplantationshaveincreasedbymorethan300millionacres.Forestsareincreasinglybeingconvertedintoindustrialtreefields—andtinyEstoniahasbecomeapointedcasestudyinthisglobaltransformation.ThelossofforestscutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition.

TheEstonianCulturalAssociationlists80sacredsitesthathavebeenclearedbyindustrialloggers.Theyhavemapped1,200additionalsites,manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection,puttingthematriskofbeinglogged.Manyofthesitesareinold-growthforests,whichmakeupabout2percentofEstonia’sremainingforestcover.

Thereisdebateabouttheaccuracyofthemap;theEstonianHeritageConservationAgencyhasnotadoptedit.ButattheheartofEstonianculture,liestheideaoftheforestasanactivepresence,athinghumansdonotcreatebutrather“getoutofthewayof”.Therespectfornaturehereispowerful.

Asforeigninvestmentandlogisticalsupportpouredin,Estoniansdrivingthecountry’shighwaysbegantoseeharvestermachinesontheedgeoftheforests,pullingtreesoutlikegrass.Intheirplacehavecomeevenlyspacedrowsofpineandspruceplantedfortheglobalmarket,areplacementoftheforestwithsomethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable,asEstonianecologistAskoLohmushassaid.

9.Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.

10.TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.

11.WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?

12.Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.

问题1选项

A.reduceddeforestation

B.risingneedoftimber

C.deterioratingenvironment

D.attackingofinsects

问题2选项

A.thenationaleconomy

B.theworkingopportunities

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforces

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritage

问题3选项

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremained

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.

问题4选项

A.theyareenvironmentallyadapted

B.theyareeconomicallyefficient

C.theyrequirelesslandandwater

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiod

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】9.【选项释义】

Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.根据这项研究，欧洲的森林损失似乎与____有关。

A.reduceddeforestationA.减少森林砍伐

B.risingneedoftimberB.木材需求上升

C.deterioratingenvironmentC.环境恶化

D.attackingofinsectsD.昆虫的攻击

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词forestlossinEurope定位到原文第一段最后一句，该句提到“许多欧洲国家的森林采伐迅速增加，这似乎与对木材产品日益增长的需求密切相关（linkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts）。”由此可知，B选项“木材需求上升”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“减少森林砍伐”，原文并未提及，根据常识判断可知，减少森林砍伐有利于保护森林，而不是造成森林损失，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“环境恶化”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“昆虫的攻击”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

10.【选项释义】

TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.森林损失对爱沙尼亚（Estonia）的影响主要体现在____。

A.thenationaleconomyA.国民经济

B.theworkingopportunitiesB.工作机会

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforcesC.政治力量的平衡

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritageD.历史文化遗产

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词forestloss和Estonia定位到原文第二段。本段最后一句提到“森林的消失深深影响着爱沙尼亚的历史和传统（cutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition）。”由此可知，森林损失对爱沙尼亚的影响主要体现在D选项“历史文化遗产”上。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“国民经济”，原文虽然提到森林损失与木材需求上升有关，但因此认为森林损失对爱沙尼亚的影响主要体现在国民经济上，理由并不充分，该选项属于过度推理；

B选项“工作机会”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“政治力量的平衡”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

11.【选项释义】

WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?爱沙尼亚文化协会为什么会担心？

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.A.因为有一千多处地址被毁。

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremainedB.因为保留下来的原始森林远少于十分之一。

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.C.因为大部分森林没有得到官方的保护。

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.D.因为许多伐木工由于森林损失而失去了工作。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词EstoniaCulturalAssociation定位到原文第三段。本段第二句提到“他们又绘制了1200个地点，其中很多都没有正式的保护措施（manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection），使它们面临被砍伐的风险。”由此可知，大部分的森林还没有受到正式的保护，面临被砍伐的风险，C选项“因为大部分森林没有得到官方的保护”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“因为有一千多处地址被毁”，可定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“爱沙尼亚文化协会列出了80个被工业伐木工清除的圣地。”由此可知，被毁的地址是80个，而不是一千多处，原文一千多处是他们另外绘制的一些地址，不是被毁的森林地址，该选项属于张冠李戴；

B选项“因为保留下来的原始森林远少于十分之一”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，该句提到“许多遗址位于原始森林中，这些森林大约占爱沙尼亚剩余森林覆盖面积的2%”，由此可知，原文是说，爱沙尼亚现存的原始森林，占森林覆盖面积的2%，而不是说只有2%的原始森林保留下来了，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“因为许多伐木工由于森林损失而失去了工作”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

12.【选项释义】

Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.种植松树和云杉的原因是____。

A.theyareenvironmentallyadaptedA.它们能适应环境

B.theyareeconomicallyefficientB.它们有经济效益

C.theyrequirelesslandandwaterC.它们需要更少的土地和水

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiodD.它们生长周期更短

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词pinesandspruces定位到原文最后一段。本段最后一句提到“爱沙尼亚生态学家AskoLohmus说，取而代之的是为全球市场种植的一排排均匀分布的松树和云杉，是更简单、更有利可图的森林（somethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable）。”由此可知，种植松树和云杉主要是为了谋取更多的经济利益，B选项“它们有经济效益”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们能适应环境”，原文虽然提到了它们更简单，但是无从得知是否是更能适应环境，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“它们需要更少的土地和水”，原文虽然提到了它们更简单，但是无从得知是否是因为它们需要更少的土地和水，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“它们生长周期更短”，原文虽然提到了它们更简单，但是无从得知是否是因为它们生长周期更短，该选项属于无中生有。

11.不定项选择题

ThisdictionaryisforpeoplewhowanttousemodernEnglish.ItoffersaccurateanddetailedinformationonthewaymodernEnglishisusedinallkindsofcommunication.ItisausefulguidetowritingandspeakingEnglishaswellasanaidtoreadingandunderstanding.

Thisdictionarylooksratherlikemostothersifyoudon’tlooktooclosely.Actuallyitisquitenewanddifferent.Thetechniquesusedtocompileitarenewandadvancedcomputertechnology.Fortheuser,thekindofinformationisdifferent,thequalityofinformationisdifferent,andthepresentationoftheinformationisdifferent.

Forthefirsttime,adictionaryhasbeencompiledbythethoroughexaminationofarepresentativegroupofEnglishtexts,spokenandwritten,runningtomanymillionsofwords.Thismeansthatinadditiontoallthetoolsoftheconventionaldictionarymakers—widereadingandexperienceofEnglish,otherdictionariesandofcourseeyesandears—thisdictionaryisbasedonhard,measurableevidence.Nomajorusesaremissed,andthenumberoftimesauseoccurshasastronginfluenceonthewaytheentriesareorganized.Equally,thelargegroupoftexts,calledthecorpus,givesusreasonablegroundsforomittingmanyusesandword-formsthatdonotoccurinit.Itisdifficultforaconventionaldictionary,intheabsenceofevidence,todecidewhattoleaveout,andalotofquitemisleadinginformationisthuspreservedinthetraditionoflexicography.

Thisdictionarymakesabreakwithsuchtraditions.Wehavegonebacktobasicsandcollectedmanymillionsofwords,andputthemintoaverylargecomputer,thedictionaryteamhashaddailyaccesstoabout20millionwords,withmanymoreinspecializedstores.Thewordscamefrombooks,magazines,newspapers,pamphlets,leaflets,conversation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Thesourcesaregratefullyacknowledgedonpagexxii.TheaimwastoprovideafairrepresentationofcontemporaryEnglish.

Nosetoftexts,howeverlarge,canbefullyreliedon;allthetimetheinformationfromthetextshasbeenanalyzedandappraisedbyateamoflexicographers,whoseprofessionalknowledgehasalsobeenusedwhereverthereisonlyasmallamountofevidenceoftheusageofawordorphrase.

Thequalityofinformationinthisdictionaryisdifferentfromothers.Withourtextualevidenceitispossibletobepreciseabouttheshapeofphrasesandtheextentoftheirvariation;therelativeimportanceofdifferentsensesofaword;andthetypicalenvironmentinwhichawordorphraseis