考研考博-英语-上海海事大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海海事大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

问题2选项

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

问题3选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

问题4选项

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

问题5选项

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：第一段主要是关于_______。A选项“人类经历的内在价值”，B选项“非人类动物经历的内在价值”，C选项“生态系统作为一个整体的内在价值”，D选项“一个关于内在价值本质的古老伦理问题”,前三个选项在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要问题的所在，而第四个选项，在第二句话中就点了出来，前三个选项是第四个选项的展开说明，故D是正确答案。

2.推理判断题。题干：我们不欠后代任何东西________。根据关键词“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句话Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（从伦理学的社会契约观点或道德自我主义者的角度来看，答案似乎是：什么都不亏欠。），可知，B选项“伦理学的社会契约观点”，是正确的。文章并没有提及作者个人观点，所以A选项“在作者的观点看来”排除。从文章第二段第五句话Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多数伦理理论确实考虑到了后代的利益。举例来说，功利主义者不会认为，后代成员还不存在这一事实，是我们对后代利益的考虑少于我们对自己利益考虑的任何理由。），所以C选项“功利主义者”排除。环境保护主义者也认为，我们应该为后代考虑，所以D选线项“环境保护主义者”排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：我们采取的人口政策被认为是_______。根据关键词“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句话明确指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，问题会变得越来越复杂），所以本题的正确答案是C选项。

4.细节推理题。题干：根据文章，最适宜的人口数量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合适的人口数量的问题。用两个问句提出对这一问题的两种可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口规模上，平均福利水平会尽可能高吗？或者是总福利的规模——平均乘以人口的数量——尽可能大？)，并在结尾的最后一句话中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（这一问题仍是应用伦理学中最令人不解的谜之一。），其意就是仍有待于将来解决，所以C选项“这是一个只能留到将来解决哲学问题”是正确答案。A选项“最适宜的人口数量指平均福利水平尽可能高的人口规模”，B选项“最适宜的人口数量指福利总额最大的人口规模”，A，B选项都是文章提出的问题，未被证实，所以不正确，D选项“最适宜的人口数量是一个困难的哲学问题，德里克•帕菲特在《理性与人》中成功地解决了这个问题”德里克•帕菲特只是在书中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并没有解决，所以D选项不正确，综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：最适合文章的标题应该是________。本文主要讨论的并不是环境问题，而是由环境问题而引出的道德问题，A选项“应用道德中的谜”是最后一段提到的，B选项是“我们对下一代的责任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想内容。所以本题的正确答案应该是C选项“环境伦理”。

2.单选题

Fiveminutesearlier,（

）wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.

问题1选项

A.or

B.but

C.and

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:早来五分钟的话,我们就能赶上末班车了。

连词辨析。前后句意为顺承关系。C项and为顺承关系连词。故选C。

3.单选题

Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.Thereallybigquestion,however,iswhetherthisisjustacyclicalblip,orthestartofatrulyhistoriclong-termtrend.

BothviewpointswillhavetheirsupportersinDavos.ThosewhopredictthecontinuingdominanceofthewesternworldwillarguethattheUSeconomyisalreadybeginningtorecoverandthatithasconsistentlysurprisedskepticswithitstechnologicalprowessandeconomicresilience.

AsforEurope,somebelievethattheeurozonecrisishasalreadypeaked.Theyarguethatmarketconfidenceisreturning,thattheGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealthandthattheEuropeanUnionisbeginningtoputinplacethereformsthatwillmakeEUmoreresilientandunifiedinfuture.

Optimismaboutwesternstrengthisoftencombinedwithcertainskepticismaboutthe"Asianmiracle".TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.SessionsonIndiawillhearcautionsabouteverythingfromcorruptiontowatershortageandarmedrebellionsinthecountryside.

Ingeneral,however,optimismaboutAsiaandpessimismaboutthewestislikelytobetheprevailingmood.EventhoughtheUSeconomyisnowgrowing,anapparentbudgetdeficitandarisingnational'debtpresentapictureofbotheconomicandpoliticalweakness.Similarly,thethreatofsovereign-debtcrisescontinuestohoverovertheEU—anditspoliticalresponsehassofarbeenanythingbutconvincing.

Theconventionalwisdomisthataprofoundshiftofeconomicandpoliticalpowerfromwesttoeastisindeedunderway.Thenextquestioniswhetherthetransitionwillbesmoothorturbulent.

Onceagain,bothsidesoftheargumentwillbeaired.Theoptimistswillarguethattheworldisalreadymovingtowardsanewphaseinthestoryofglobalization.TheybelievethatUSangeraboutallegedChinesecurrencymanipulationandmercantilismwillbeblunted,asChinaallowsitscurrencytoappreciateandastheChinesecomermarketbeanstofulfillitspotential.TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.Accordingtotheoptimisticscenario,thewesternworldwillabandonanyflirtationwithprotectionism,asitincreasinglyrealizesthatthegrowthmarketsforthewest'slargecompanieslieincountriessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil.ThecurrentsurgeinEuropeancarsalestoChinacouldbecitedasanencouragingexampleofthistrend.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.ThethemeoftheDavosEconomicForumwouldbe（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheGermaneconomyis（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasadragonChina'seconomicgrowthinthepassage?

5.TheChina-USrelationshipwillbeaverychallengingonebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

问题2选项

A.currentproblemsinworld'seconomicrecovery

B.therestructuringofworldeconomyinthepost-crisisera

C.continueddominanceofthewestintheworldeconomy

D.theneedtoaddressthelatestdevelopmentsintheworldeconomy

问题3选项

A.inverygoodshape

B.recoveringgradually

C.experiencingsomeproblems

D.undergoingreforms

问题4选项

A.ageingpopulation

B.highinflation

C.resourceshortages

D.China-USrelations

问题5选项

A.itishardtobalancethedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowers

B.itembodiesalltheproblemsbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers

C.itispartofthestoryofglobalization

D.theUSisangryaboutChina'seconomicandfinancialpractices

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.作者态度题。纵观全文，作者在文章中只是客观地讲述和分析了世界各国的经济与政治情况，作者并没有过多的发表自己的个人看法，所以在讨论文章中的一些问题的时候，应该是中立的态度。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知随着全球政治和商业精英齐聚达沃斯，占主导地位的经济和政治趋势是明显的。在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。接下来的文章讲述了不同国家的发展情况及整个世界的经济发展态势。可推断出它的主题应该是危机过后世界经济结构的调整。选项B符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第三段，“theGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealth”，可知作为欧元区核心的德国，经济状况是好的。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.”，可知中国不断上升的通胀，以及环境恶化和社会老龄化对中国构成的长期风险。所以中美关系在文中没有提及。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。即西方和亚洲强国的经济实力存在差异。根据文章最后一段，“TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.”，可知中美关系被视为发达国家与新兴大国之间新关系的缩影。即中美之间的关系反映了发达国家与新兴国家之间的财富差距。可推断出中美关系具有挑战性的原因在于很难平衡西方和亚洲强国的发展差距。选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于没有具体证据可供利用，为探寻戏剧的起源，人们首先只能凭推测。

2.对于很多人而言，罗马至多不过是对希腊更大规模地模仿和延续，希腊是发明者，而罗马则是研究和发展的分支。

3.大多数时候，仅仅是因为无法核实身份，这些惹是生非的个体躲在一个个假名字后面，保护自己不受其行为的影响。

4.园林不只是房屋的补充。园林满足了更高层次的生活需求，而这种功能只有艺术才能实现。

5.更进一步说，也有人认为这个问题与乐观与悲观的争论无关，我们必须转变看待和思考问题的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

5.单选题

Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto（

）onsomereading.

问题1选项

A.catchup

B.clearup

C.makeup

D.pickup

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:下周就要考试了，我要利用周末时间好好看看书。

catchupon弥补不足、吸收，精通;clearup收拾，整理;makeup伪造，化妆;pickup提高（速度），加快（节奏）。因此D项符合句意。

6.单选题

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods(11televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13）,ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh—（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworks'wages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

问题1选项

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.this

问题2选项

A.raise

B.increase

C.decrease

D.lower

问题3选项

A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.spending

问题4选项

A.pay

B.offer

C.fight

D.finance

问题5选项

A.away

B.off

C.on

D.out

问题6选项

A.offset

B.compensate

C.exchange

D.accomplish

问题7选项

A.extend

B.expand

C.spend

D.explore

问题8选项

A.meet

B.respond

C.spend

D.return

问题9选项

A.automatically

B.exceedingly

C.timely

D.excessively

问题10选项

A.Forfearthat

B.Whether

C.If

D.Though

问题11选项

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.except

问题12选项

A.supply

B.satisfy

C.plenty

D.comply

问题13选项

A.Furthermore

B.Otherwise

C.Nevertheless

D.However

问题14选项

A.interesting

B.uninteresting

C.interested

D.interest

问题15选项

A.beincreased

B.increased

C.shouldincrease

D.increase

问题16选项

A.protest

B.restrict

C.impose

D.cover

问题17选项

A.controller

B.manager

C.consumer

D.employer

问题18选项

A.By

B.At

C.On

D.In

问题19选项

A.create

B.invent

C.result

D.discover

问题20选项

A.productive

B.insufficient

C.excessive

D.processing

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:D

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词，先行词是economiccondition，介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that，因此选项C符合题意。

2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反，所以选项B符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney应该与purchasingpower意思相近，因此选项C符合题意。

4.考查动词词义辨析。pay“支付”；offer“提供”；fight“与……打仗”;finance“负担经费”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的钱），可知前面是花钱在战争上，因此financeawar符合题意。

5.考查词组辨析。carryaway“运走，使失去自制力”;carryoff“夺去，夺得”；carryon“继续，参与”；carryout“实施”。与socialprogram搭配的动词词组是carryout，所以选项D符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。offset“抵消；补偿”;compensate“补偿，赔偿”；exchange“交换”；accomplish“完成，实现”。offsetdeficit“弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配，选项A符合题意。

7.考查动词词义辨析。extend“延伸”；expand“扩张”；spend“度过，花费”；explore“探索”。根据后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在扩大纸币供应，因此选项B符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配，选项A符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。automatically“自动地”；exceedingly“非常；极其”；timely“及时地”；excessively“过分地”。空格处所在句子的大意是：货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项A符合题意。

10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用将来时态可知空格处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句，因此选项C符合题意。

11.考查介词词义辨析。televisionandcomputers属于populargoods，前者是对后者具体的举例说明，因此选项B符合题意。

12.考查词义辨析。supply“供给，提供”；satisfy“满足，说服”；plenty“足够的”；comply“遵守，遵从”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工厂会以更高的价格生产更多的产品”，to表目的，“为了满足需求”，选项B符合题意。

13.考查逻辑关系。根据ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人们认为快销产品的价格正在上涨），可知与前句是一个递进的关系，因此选项A符合题意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，选项A符合题意。

15.考查虚拟语气。demand后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语一般要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages与动词increase之间是被动关系，因此要用被动式，选项A符合题意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付费用”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。

17.考查名词词义辨析。controller“控制器”；manager“经理，管理人员”；consumer“消费者，用户”；employer“老板，雇主”。空格处所在句子的大意是：生产方为满足要求会将生产成本加在消费者身上，因此选项C符合题意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起来，总之”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。

19.考查动词词义辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有这些因素都可能导致通货膨胀问题），四个选项中A与C都有“导致”的意思，但是result通常与介词in连用，因此选项A符合题意。

20.考查词义辨析。productive“能生产的”；insufficient“不足的”；excessive“过多的”；processing“加工”。文章讲述了导致通货膨胀的三个因素，第二段第二句话Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Weexpecthimto（

）hispromise.

问题1选项

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们希望他能够履行诺言。

考查短语辨析。carryoff夺去，获得;carryout贯彻,执行;carrythrough贯彻,完成;carryabout随身携带。故B符合句意。

8.单选题

Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpeasantcommunicationswereoralinnatureinasocietythatwasstilllargely______.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.contradictory

C.illiterate

D.momentous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项explicit“（说话）清晰的，明确的”；B选项contradictory“相互矛盾的”；C选项illiterate“文盲的，不识字的”；D选项momentous“关键的，重要的”。句意：绝大多数的农民交流都是口头的，当时的社会很大程度上是______。在当时那个社会，大多数农民用口头交流，而不用文字，C选项illiterate“文盲的，不识字的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

AlltheplanetsinthesolarsystemexceptMercuryandVenushavenaturalsatellites,（）objectsthatrevolvearoundtheplanets.

问题1选项

A.which

B.ofwhich

C.whichare

D.andwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。后面的从句中缺少主谓，故C项符合题意。句意：太阳系中除水星和金星外的所有行星都有天然卫星，它们是那些围绕行星旋转的物体。

10.单选题

Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat（）byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.

问题1选项

A.is

B.been

C.be

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】语法题——考查独立主格结构。前半句“Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth”已经是个完整的句子，后半句没有关联词，所以不可能再出现动词，排除A和C，而“小麦”和be之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词being。句意：农业是这个国家财富的主要来源，小麦是迄今为止最大的谷类作物。因此D选项正确。

11.翻译题

中国人最懂得消遣。中国人从前的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏，意味着作者人格的高低，所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画，都代表了一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是随着美妙的琴声，进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。

【答案】TheChinesehavethebestpastime.Inthepast,Chinesescholarsusedtoplaythepiano,chess,calligraphyandpaintingintheirsparetime.IntheeyesofTheChinesepeople,thequalityofworksofartmeanstheleveloftheauthor’spersonality,soplayingthepiano,playingchess,writingandpaintingallrepresentaperson’scultivation.Playingthepianoisnottobeamusician,butwiththewonderfulsound,intoavastworld,purifytheirownmind.

12.单选题

Theconceptofthepatient[A]asfirstandforemostanindividualwillbereplacedbyageneric“patient”[B]whoevenmoregeneric“qualityoflife”isdeterminednotbyindividualqualitiesandrelationships[C]butbyaflowchart.Insteadofdying[D]surroundedbyfriendsandfamily,wewillbesurroundedbypaper—andlawyers.

问题1选项

A.asfirstandforemost

B.who

C.butby

D.surrounded

【答案】B

【解析】考查关系词用法。B选项处who引导定语从句修饰先行词patient，但关系词后又有名词“qualityoflife”，因此关系词应该在从句中充当定语的成分，应把who改为whose。

13.单选题

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

问题1选项

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。pioneer“先锋”；premature“早产的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“过去”。句意：由于先前的约会，Lora上周六不能参加我的生日派对。C项符合题意。

14.单选题

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

问题1选项

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理学家认为态度是对事物或事件的一种倾向，它决定了人们对不同刺激的反应方式。predisposition意为“倾向”。priorinclinations倾向，爱好；prescriptions医药处方；precautions预防措施，预警；principalcommitments主要承诺。选项A与之意思相近。

15.单选题

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

问题1选项

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

问题2选项

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

问题3选项

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

问题4选项

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

问题5选项

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

问题6选项

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

问题7选项

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:B

【解析】1.由题干中的单词factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.