考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

问题1选项

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

问题2选项

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

问题3选项

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

问题4选项

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

问题5选项

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，可知是“新保护主义”的出现以及产生的结果。A选项“新保护主义的定义”过于片面，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“新旧保护主义的区别”也是讲述了一个方面，也可排除。D选项“福利国家的意义”也不符合题意，可排除，因此C选项“西方新保护主义的兴起”正确。

2.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻译为：几乎所有政府活动都会影响国际经济关系。A选项“真诚地；真正地”，B选项“真正地”，C选项“几乎”，D选项“尤其”。根据“政府的一切活动都会影响国际经济关系”，这句话太过于绝对，可排除A、B选项，D选项与题意不符，也可排除，由此可知C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后两段，中文翻译：福利国家的胜利在北欧几乎已经完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬兰、丹麦和荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活几乎所有方面的干预都被认为是正常的。在英国，这只是稍微有点不真实。在法国，政府传统上在经济生活中扮演着非常积极的角色，并将继续这样做。只有西德胆敢逆着西欧过度干预主义的潮流而动。它也是最成功的西欧经济体。福利国家在美国和西欧都取得了重大进展。社会保障、失业保险、最低工资法和租金管制现在都是美国社会的传统福利要素。A选项“儿童可以接受免费教育”不符合上述列表。B选项“最低工资法”、C“失业者投保”、D选项“租房有规定”均符合美国传统福利要素。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“福利国家的经济比非福利国家发展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B选项“20世纪30年代，保护主义开始兴起”。与句中“在20世纪30年代，保护主义是对市场分配资源和收入以使社会满意的能力的一种深刻怀疑的表现”不符，也可排除。C选项“所谓新保护主义，主要是因为它是最新的”，理解错误，不符合题意，也可排除。D选项“在北欧，政府在经济生活中扮演着比英国更积极的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻译：在瑞典、挪威、芬兰、丹麦和荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活

几乎所有方面的干预都被认为是正常的。在英国，这只是稍微有点不真实。可推测，英国对于经济的干涉较少。因此可知D选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文，A选项“新的保护主义是什么时候出现的？”，文章第一段对“新保护主义的兴起”一笔带过，可排除A选项。B选项“为什么新的保护主义在北欧国家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C选项“政府为什么要干预经济生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻译：新保护主义指的是政府对私营经济的整体干预如何影响国际贸易。因此C选项正确。D选项“美国政府在经济生活中的作用是否比英国政府更为积极？”理解片面，可排除。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。

2.单选题

WhenthepeopleatthefrontdeskofthehotelneartheoilfiledheardthatmycolleagueandIwerefromChina,theyletuspayahigherpriceforourroomsthanlocalpeople.

问题1选项

A.thepeopleatthefrontdesk

B.neartheoilfiled

C.letuspay

D.forourroomsthanlocalpeople

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。let改为make。letsb.do侧重表示“允许做某事”,而句中侧重表示"让做某事，使做某事"。makesb.do使做某事。

3.单选题

Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolencecallsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.

Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceasedwomansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”

Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldhaveturnedoutanyworse?

Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.

Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsoffeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence.Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.

1.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywoman?

2.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause（

）.

3.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause

（

）.

4.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para.4)probablymeansthat

（

）.

5.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylivedoutanaturallife.

B.Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.

C.Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.

D.Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.

问题2选项

A.hewantedtoconsolethetwofamilies

B.hewasanofficialfromthecommunity

C.hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceased

D.hewaspriestofthelocalchurch

问题3选项

A.theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgrief

B.theybelievethattheywereresponsible

C.theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofevents

D.theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection

问题4选项

A.everythingintheworldispredetermined

B.theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways

C.there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld

D.wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworld

问题5选项

A.everybodyisattheircommand

B.lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmystery

C.everystoryshouldhaveahappyending

D.theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappens

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.細节事实题。根据文章第一段的OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife(那是在一月，我连着为两位年迈的老人主持葬礼,正如圣经中所说，这两位老人都是在经历了漫长和完整的人生之后的身体正常耗尽)可知选项A“两位老人终其天年”与文章意思相符。

2.判断推理题。题目是问“作者需要为两位老人办理丧事的原因有可能是什么。选项A:因为作者想安慰这两个家，B:因为作者是那个社区的公务人员，C:因为作者对死者怀有无限同情和D:因为作者是当地教堂的牧师，并且根据原文Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”as...中的关键词officiate“主持宗教仪式”和onsuccessivedays“连续”可知极有可能的原因是选项D。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirloved定位至第三段:Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.,而后面紧接着说到原因:Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter(当他们的行动计划引起了坏的结果时，他们就会相信如果当初采取不同的行动计划，如将母亲留在家里以及将计划延期，那么结果就会好很多)，由此可知人们通常会对至亲的去世感到内疚是因为他们认为自己对于至亲的去世负有贵任，即选项B。

4.语义题。第四段主要是对我们常常会感到自责的原因之一的介绍，根据这—段中的Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.“一方面是因为我们非常相信世界自有其道理，也就是说世间的一切都有某发生存在的原因”可知theworldmakessense意思是世间的一切都有其发生存在的原因，故答案选项为C。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一句话Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.“通常，我们都没有从那个婴儿时期形成的观念中摆脱出来，即一切事件都发生都取决于我们自身的意念”，故答案选项为D“他们自身的意念是导致一切发生的根本原因”。

4.单选题

ReadthefollowingResearchFundingOpportunities.

DepartmentofAgricultureAgricultureandFoodResearchInitiativeCompetitiveGrantsProgram(AFRI)

Deadline:variesbyprogramarea

Synopsis:TheFoodandAgriculturalScienceEnhancement(FASE)Grantscomponentofthisprogramincludesfundingfornewinvestigators.Anewinvestigatorisdefinedasanindividualwhoisbeginninghis/hercareer,doesnothaveanextensivescientificpublicationrecord,andhaslessthanfouryearspostgraduate,career-trackexperience.ThenewinvestigatormaynothavereceivedcompetitivelyawardedFederalresearchfundswiththeexceptionofpre-orpostdoctoralresearchgrantsorUSDANRIorAFRISeedGrants.

DepartmentofDefenseYoungInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNavalResearch(YIP)

Deadline:earlyJanuary

Synopsis:TheprogramsupportsacademicscientistsandengineerswhohavereceivedPh.D.orequivalentdegreeswithinthelastsixyears.TheobjectivesaretoattractoutstandingfacultymemberstotheDepartmentoftheNavy’sresearchprogram,tosupporttheirresearch,andtoencouragetheirteachingandresearchcareers.Proposalsmayrequestupto$170,000peryearforthreeyears.ONRresearchareasareavailablehere.

NewInvestigatorAwards,CongressionallyDirectedMedicalResearchPrograms(CDMRP)

Deadline:variesbyprogram

Synopsis:Fundingprogramareasvaryandmayinclude:FoodAllergies,LungCancer,MultipleSclerosis,PeerReviewedCancer,Orthopaedic,SpinalCordInjury,AmyotrophicLateralSclerosis,Autism,BoneMarrowFailure,BreastCancer,DeploymentRelatedMedical,GulfWarIllness,Minority&UnderservedPopulations,Neurofibromatosis,OvarianCancer,PeerReviewedMedical,ProstateCancer,PsychologicalHealth/TraumaticBrainInjury,TuberousSclerosisComplex.Someoftheseprogramareas,suchasPeerReviewedCancer,ProstateCancer,andTraumaticBrainInjuryhaveincludedNewInvestigatorAwards.

DepartmentofEnergyOutstandingJuniorInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNuclearPhysics(OJIP)

Deadline:SeptemberorOctoberforletterofintent,NovemberorDecemberforapplication

Synopsis:Applicationsshouldbefromtenure-trackfacultywhoarecurrentlyinvolvedinexperimentalortheoreticalnuclearphysicsresearchandteaching,theU.S.NuclearDataProgramoracceleratorphysicsresearchandteachingrelatedtonuclearphysicsprojects.ApplicantsmustbenomorethantenyearsbeyondthePh.D.atthedeadlinefortheapplication.

PlasmaPhysicsJuniorFacultyAwardProgram,FusionEnergySciencesProgram(FESP)

Deadline:AugustorSeptember(programcancelledforFY2010)

Synopsis:Applicationsinanyareaofbasicplasmaphysicsresearcharewelcomedandencouraged.Theproposedresearchmustfocusonfundamentalplasmaphysicsissues,asopposedtoapplicationsofplasmaphysics.

NationalScienceFoundationFacultyEarlyCareerDevelopment(FECD)Program,NSF

Deadline:July

Synopsis:Theintentoftheprogramistoprovidestablesupportatasufficientlevelanddurationtoenableawardeestodevelopcareersasoutstandingresearchersandeducatorswhoeffectivelyintegrateteaching,learninganddiscovery.TheminimumFECDawardsizeis$140,000foraten-yearperiodforalldirectoratesexceptBIO.ForproposalssubmittedtotheBIOdirectorate,theminimumawardsizeis$500,000overfiveyears.

ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology(RIGBP),NSFDirectorateforBiologicalSciences

Deadline:secondMondayinJanuary

Synopsis:ThesegrantsareintendedtoincreasethediversityofresearcherswhoapplyforandreceiveBIOfundingtoinitiateresearchprogramsearlyintheircareers.Currently,AfricanAmericans,Hispanics,NativeAmericans,AlaskaNatives,andNativeHawaiiansandotherPacificIslandersareunder-representedinbiology.

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?

问题1选项

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.

问题2选项

A.Ph.D.graduates.

B.Researchersinenergyscience.

C.D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.

D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.Permanentteachingstaff.D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.

问题3选项

A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.

D.FECD.

问题4选项

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoples

B.encouragingminorityresearchers

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminorities

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareas

问题5选项

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.

C.Thesupportisgenerous.

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】36.【选项释义】

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?36.根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.A.AFRI种子基金受助人仍可申请AFRI竞争性基金计划。

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.B.国防部对YIP的财政支助总额可达17万美元。

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.C.CDMRP由美国国防部和美国国立卫生研究院联合提供。

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.D.要申请OJIP，你必须在9月或10月提交最终提案。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二部分对YIP的描述，从倒数第二句“提案可能要求每年高达17万美元（requestupto$170,000peryear），为期三年”可知，国防部对YIP的财政支出高达17万美元，B项表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项定位第三部分对OJIP的描述，其中提到“意向书申请截止日期为9月或10月，申请截止日期为11月或12月”，可知，9月或10月只是提交意向书的截止日期，该项曲解原文。

37.【选项释义】

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?37.谁有资格参加OJIP？

A.Ph.D.graduates.A.博士毕业生。

B.Researchersinenergyscience.B.能源科学研究人员。

C.Permanentteachingstaff.C.终身教学人员。

D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.D.具有博士学位的高级职员。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干汇总的OJIP，定位至文章第三部分对OJIP的描述，Synopsis中的第一句有提到“申请者必须是目前从事实验或理论核物理研究和教学、美国核数据计划或与核物理项目相关的加速器物理研究和教学的终身教职人员（tenure-trackfaculty）”，综合理解可知，申请者必须是终身教职人员。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项在该部分没提到，属于无中生有。

38.【选项释义】

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?38.在所有的项目中，哪个项目提供的奖励时间最长、金额最大？

A.FESP.A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.C.YIP.

D.FECD.D.FECD.

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位至文章最后一个部分对FECD的描述，Synopsis中的最后两句提到“除BIO外，所有董事的最低FECD奖励金额为10年140,000美元。对于提交给BIO董事会的提议书，5年内的最低资助金额为50万美元。”，从中可知，FECD项目的奖金时间是10年，且最低有14万美元，对于提交给BIO董事会的提议书，时间是5年，且最低为50万美元；综合理解可知，FECD提供的奖金时间最长，金额最大。故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项都没有提到奖金的金额及资助时间，属于无中生有；

C选项定位第二部分对YIP的描述，Synopsis中倒数第二句提到“提案可能要求每年高达17万美元，为期三年”，从中可知，YIP项目的奖金资助并不是时间最长的，该项属于曲解原文。

39.【选项释义】

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.39.我们了解到RIGBP是为______而设计的。

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoplesA.帮助欠发达人群而设计的

B.encouragingminorityresearchersB.鼓励少数民族研究人员

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminoritiesC.提高少数民族的意识

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareasD.研究少数民族地区的生物学

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位至文章最后一个部分对RIGBP项目的描述，根据Synopsis的描述：“这些资助旨在增加申请和接受BIO资助并在职业生涯早期启动研究项目的研究人员的多样性。”，从中我们可知，RIGBP的目的是为了增加研究人员的多样性；而且RIGBP的全称是“扩大生物学参与的研究启动基金（ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology）”，从BroadenParticipationinBiology（扩大生物学参与）综合理解可知，RIGBP主要是为了鼓励研究人员参与，B项与之相符。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的欠发达人群并不等于少数民族地区的研究人员，属于曲解原文；

C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项表述与原文不符，属于曲解原文。

40.【选项释义】

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?40.以上所有项目的共同特点是什么？

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.A.截止日期都定在9月以后。

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.B.它们是给新研究人员的。

C.Thesupportisgenerous.C.支持是慷慨的。

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.D.支持的领域是特定的。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章中讨论到的5个项目所涉及和涵盖的领域都各不相同，所以它们各自支持的领域都是特定的，这是它们的共同特征。所以，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项只有OJIP项目是确定在9月以后，其他项目都不是，该项曲解原文；

B选项与原文不符，原文提到的是包括新研究人员在内的，该项曲解原文；

C选项在文中提到的关于资助奖金的金额，只有YIP和FECD有提到，其他项目并不知道，该项曲解原文。

5.单选题

Afterdoingoddjobsforaweek,hegota（

）positionasanoffice-boy.

问题1选项

A.permanent

B.sufficient

C.transparent

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。permanent“永久的；不变的”；sufficient“足够的，充分的”；transparent“透明的”；universal“普遍的”。句意：做了一个星期临时工后，他得到了一份办公室固定的工作。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

______theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,theelementaryfunctionsoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

问题1选项

A.Whatever

B.Eventhough

C.Inspiteof

D.Regardless

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子逻辑。由题干可知，这里需要的是一个表示转折的连词，A项whatever“无论如何”词性不对；C项inspiteof“尽管，不管”一般是主观上故意去忽视，有时往往是好的条件，因素，或他人的建议，很可能导致不好的结果，和题意不符；D项regardless“不管”必须后面接of才能连接从句；所以选择B项eventhough“即使。句意：历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋，但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。因此，该题正确答案为B。

7.填空题

Ourinitialfieldworksite（1）outtobecompletelyunsuitable.Ourteam（2）overaweektherebeforewerecognizedthatwe（3）neverfindthequalityoffossilswewere（4）forinthatspot.

【答案】1.turned;

2.worked;

3.would;

4.looking

【解析】1.固定搭配。turnouttobe被发现是，结果是。而且此处应为过去式turned。

2.语义题。第二空填不及物动词,因此worked符合句意。

3.语法分析。第三空填would表示过去将来时。

4.固定搭配。wewerefor是定语从句修饰thequalityoffossils,那么第四空可填现在分词looking,构成lookfor“寻找”。

8.翻译题

1.科学家认为，出生在夏天将赋予你开朗的性情，而出生在冬天则可能给你的快乐蒙上永久的阴影。实验表明，出生的季节会极大地影响人体生物钟运转的速度。冬天出生的人体内的生物钟运转得太慢，从而可能对健康和性格产生影响。这一离奇有趣的理论来自一项对老鼠的研究，该研究把刚出生的老鼠暴露在不等量的光线下长达数月。

2.有些老鼠被放置在夏天的光照条件下，每天有16小时的“白天”和8个小时的“黑夜”。其他老鼠则只有8个小时的“白天”，和冬天昼短夜长的光照条件类似。在这些老鼠断奶后，它们被放置在相同的光照周期中长达数周，或转换到相反的光照环境。最后，科学家把它们都放置到黑暗中，观察它们的反应。

3.根据《自然神经科学》杂志的报道，那些在夏天的光照条件下成长起来的老鼠像往常一样作息，而那些在缺少光线的环境中成长起来的老鼠在应对这一变化时却显得吃力。研究者道格拉斯•麦克马洪教授说：“在冬天的光照周期中成长起来的老鼠对于季节的变化表现出夸大的反应，这和得了季节性情感抑郁症的人类病患的反应极其相似。”

【答案】1.Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadowoveryourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

2.Someratsweregivensummerconditionsof16hoursoflightandeighthoursofdarknessperday.Othershadonlyeighthoursofdailylight,tomimictheshortdaysofwinter.

3.Thoserearedinsummerconditionskepttoadailyroutine,butthosebroughtupinlittlelightstruggledtocopewiththechange,thejournalNatureNeurosciencereports.

9.单选题

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.

问题1选项

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。vacant“空虚的；空的”；barren“贫瘠的；不生育的”;weird“怪异的”；wasteful“浪费的”。句意：十年时间他们把荒山变成了绿色林地。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

AsmanyasoneinfourU.S.workersmaybechronicallyangryonthejob,withangryemployeesalsomorelikelytobebored,havelowenergyandfeel"stuck"intheirposts,accordingtoareportTuesday.Employeesaremostlikelytobeangeredbyabossorsupervisorbyafellowemployeeorbyothersintheworkplacenotbeingproductive,bytightdeadlinesorbyheavyworkloads,saidDonaldGibson,aprofessorattheYaleSchoolofManagement.

"Aturbulenteconomicenvironmentthathasproduced,ontheonehand,productivityandgrowthand,ontheother,wrenchingchangeanduncertainty,hasbuffetedtheworkplace,"thereportsaiD."Whileamajorityofemployeesarerespondingtotheseconditionswithreportsofworkplacesatisfactionthereremainasubstantialportionwhoaredissatisfied,evenangry,atwork,"itaddeD."Mostvisibly,angerislinkedtoworkplaceaggression,whichappearstobeincreasing:Weareweeklyconfrontedwithstoriesofworkerstakingaggressive,evenviolent,actionparticularlyagainstsupervisors."Thesurveyfoundthat25percentofthosecontactedsaidtheywereatleastsomewhatangryatworkonacontinuingbasis.Angryemployeestendtohavelessenergyandinterestinthejob,andtendalsotobebored,accordingtoGibson.Andangryemployeestendtofeel"stuck"inthejoB.Thestudydidnotspeculateonwhatpercentageofangryworkersarelikelytoresorttoviolence.Itdidfindthattheyfeellessloyaltoanemployer.TherehavebeenanumberofworkplaceshootingsintheUnitedStatesovertheyears,mostrecentlyrampagesinGeorgiaandAlabamawhichleft12dead.

1.What'sthemeaningof"stuck"inLine2ParA.1?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theangryworkersaremorelikelytodothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseforanger?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Whichisbestfitforthetitle?

问题1选项

A.Attracted

B.Trapped

C.Puzzled

D.Irritated

问题2选项

A.quittheirjobs

B.feelboredom

C.havelessloyalty