考研考博-英语-中国医科大学临床医药学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国医科大学临床医药学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

劳动仲裁类似于中世纪手工业行会的调停话动，它是多步骤申述体制之最终结果。

尽管信托关系可以口头创立，但却一般是经书面文件形式确认。

破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。

因股东大会不够法定人数，故该决议被认定无效。

【答案】Laborarbitration,similartothemediationactivitiesinthemedievalcraftguilds,isthefinalresultofmulti-steprepresentationsystem.

Atrustmaybecreatedorally,butusuallyissetupinawrittenform.

Anactthatisdestructivetotheenvironmentmaybecriminalizedbystatue.

Theresolutionwasinvalidbecausetheshareholder'smeetingwasnotquorate.

2.单选题

Toomanypeoplebelievethattoachievegreatthingswemustmakebrutalsacrifices,thattosucceedinworkwemustfocussingle-mindedly,atthe（

）ofeverythingelseinlife.

问题1选项

A.heart

B.beginning

C.mercy

D.expense

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof意为“以……为代价”。

句意：太多的人相信为了成就大事我们必须做出残酷的牺牲，为了在工作中取得成功，我们必须一心一意，以牺牲生活中的其他一切为代价。

3.单选题

8.

问题1选项

A.$60.

B.$40.

C.$360.

D.$30.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ok.Sothatwouldbe800dollarsplus60dollarsinovertime,right?

W:Right,somypaycheckshouldbe860dollars,butonly830dollarswereputintomyaccount.

M:Sorryaboutthat.I’llrecordthemistaketodayandwirethemoneyintoyouraccountfirstthingtomorrowmorning.

Q:Howmuchwillthemanwireintothewoman'saccount?

【解析】计算题。本应打入女士账户860美元，但实际只有830美元，因此还应打入30美元。

4.单选题

Toomuch（

）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

问题1选项

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“揭露，揭发”；B选项“展示”；C选项“联系，接触”；D选项“暴露”。句意：太多（）在X光线上会导致晒伤，癌症以及身体其他部位的损伤。答案选D，暴露在X-光里。C选项一般表用邮件或者电话联系或接触，所以不能选。

5.单选题

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too"shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscoiningatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay.holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospect,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.

Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses.”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree."saysJohnDeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.

Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.

1.By“EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet’’(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans（）.

2.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?

3.Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange’’(Lines3,Paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout（）.

4.Whycanmanypeoplesee‘‘silverlinings”totheeconomicslowdown?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness.

B.Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork.

C.Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.

D.Speroisnotinadesperatesituation.

问题2选项

A.Optimistic

B.Confused

C.Carefree

D.Panicked.

问题3选项

A.goldmarket.

B.realestate.

C.stockexchange

D.ventureinvestment.

问题4选项

A.Theywouldbenefitincertainways.

B.Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.

C.Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom

D.Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.

问题5选项

A.Anewboom,onthehorizon.

B.Tightenthebelt，thesingleremedy.

C.Cautionallright,panicnot

D.Themoreventures,themorechances.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12toS50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.这位47岁的美甲师也没有像她想的那样修剪、填充或抛光那么多的指甲。她的大多数客户每周花费12至50美元，但上个月，两位老客户突然不再光顾。因此，斯珀罗开始缩减开支，在迪拉德位于克利夫兰郊区的家附近的中档百货商店购物，而不是去内曼•马库斯(NeimanMarcus)。由此段内容可知虽然Ellen的生意没以前好了，但Ellen的生活状况并没有陷入绝望的境地。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospect,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.但是现在还没有发出警报。消费者似乎只是担心，并没有惊慌失措，许多人说，他们对经济的长期前景仍持乐观态度，尽管他们采取了一些适度的紧缩措施。可知消费者对经济形势保持乐观态度，故A项正确。

3.判断推理题。由第三段Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses.”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree."在大多数地区，房价保持稳定。在曼哈顿，“新的淘金热在400万到1000万美元之间发生，主要是由华尔街的奖金推动的。”经纪人芭芭拉•科克伦说。在旧金山，房价仍在上涨，尽管疯狂的高出价已经平息。现在，你可能只会收到两三个offer，而不是20到30个。可知400万到1000万美元是指房价，整段都是围绕房价问题展开的，故B项正确。

4.判断推理题。由最后一段“Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.潜在的购房者会为更低的利率而欢呼。雇主们不会介意就业市场少一点泡沫。许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，投资者现在认为股市波动是持续繁荣的必要因素。用餐者可能也看到了好处。要在曼哈顿炙手可热的新阿兰杜卡斯(AlainDucasse)餐厅订到位子是不可能的，现在不是这样了。可知经济衰退也能带来一些好处。故A项正确。

5.推理判断题。本文开篇用事例引出经济滑坡的话题，随后表明人们对经济下滑仍然保持乐观态度，最后指出，人们可从中可以得到不少好处。C项的“适度谨慎是必要的，无需惊慌”与本文相符，故C项正确。

6.单选题

Sheexpressedherstrongdeterminationthatnothingcould

hertogiveuphercareerasateacher.

问题1选项

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.attract

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。induce“诱导，引起”；deduce“推论；推断”；reduce“减少”；attract“吸引”。Inducesb.todosth.“诱导某人做某事”。句意：她表达了自己坚定的决心，任何事都不可能诱使她放弃教师这个职业。

7.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

问题1选项

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。

8.单选题

InAustria,wherefertilefarmlandislimited,crops（）.

问题1选项

A.areonthesidesofmountainsoftengrown

B.oftenareonthesidesofmountainsgrown

C.aregrownonthesidesoftenofmountains

D.areoftengrownonthesidesofmountains

【答案】D

【解析】考查句型结构辨析。often作为副词修饰动词，因此可排除B选项、D选项。onthesidesofmountains，介词短语充当状语，应当放在句尾，所以排除A选项。句意：在奥地利，肥沃的农田有限，农作物通常种植在山的两侧。因此答案为D选项。

9.单选题

Hishumorousremark（

）thetensionatthemeeting.

问题1选项

A.released

B.replaced

C.relieved

D.retained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他幽默的言辞缓和了会议上的紧张气氛。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Release释放,放出,发泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve缓和,解除,减轻;retain保持。由关键词thetension(紧张局势)可知C符合句意。

10.单选题

Thecurrentgeneralslacknessofthemarkethaspreventedusfrom（）neworderswithyou.

问题1选项

A.placing

B.putting

C.arranging

D.providing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意和选项可知本题考查固定搭配placeorderwithsb.“向某人发出订单”，因此选项B、C、D均不符合题意，选项A为正确选项。句意：目前市场普遍不景气，使我们无法向贵方下新订单。

11.单选题

Onlywhenfacedwithoverwhelmingevidenceofbeingtreateddifferentlythanthemenwhosurroundedme（），briefly,withthenotionthatIwasdifferentingender-relatedwaysfrommymalecolleagues.

问题1选项

A.thatIdealt

B.Idealt

C.thenIdealt

D.didIdeal

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法知识。only位于句首时，引导的句子为部分倒装结构。only后紧跟的是when引导的时间状语从句，因此使用正常语序，主句则需要倒装。D选项符合题意

12.单选题

Agoodteachermustknowhowto（）hisideastothestudents,asgenerallyagreedbyeducationalexperts.

问题1选项

A.display

B.transmit

C.convey

D.illuminate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词性及搭配。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何把他的想法传达给学生。传达思想，想法等用convey，选项C正确。

13.单选题

Hefeelsthatheisnotyet（）totravelabroad.

问题1选项

A.toostrong

B.enoughstrong

C.sostrong

D.strongenough

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词的用法。A选项too…to…表示“太……而不能……”，不符合句意，排除A；B选项enough在修饰形容词和副词时应该放在它们的后面，排除B；C选项so应该与that连用，表示“太……以至于……”，不符合句意，排除C；D选项strongenough表示“足够强壮”。句意：他觉得自己身体还不够强壮，不能出国旅行。因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Iteliminatesthecomplicated（

）,donothavetospendtimearoundfriends,youjustneedtositathomeandcaneasilybecompleted.

问题1选项

A.engagement

B.date

C.itinerary

D.appointment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。engagement约会；date日期itinerary路线，旅程；appointment任命。句意：它除去了繁琐的行程安排，不必花时间和朋友在一起，你只需要坐在家里就可以轻松完成。根据空格后的内容可知，空格处应填C。

15.单选题

WeareundertakingasurveytoevaluatetheextenttowhichtheeducationalsystemthatexistsinChinatodayanswerstheneedsofsociety.

问题1选项

A.areundertaking

B.theextenttowhich

C.answers

D.ofsociety

E.没有问题

【答案】E

16.单选题

Heseeshisstudentsstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidioms,clichesandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.

问题1选项

A.thoughtless

B.ridiculous

C.puzzling

D.undesirable

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thoughtless粗心大意的；欠考虑的B.ridiculous愚蠢的；荒谬的

C.puzzling令人迷惑的D.undesirable不受欢迎的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】bewilder作动词时，表示“使糊涂，使迷惑”，加上-ing则作形容词，表示“令人糊涂的，令人迷惑的”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】他看到他的学生在努力学习，因为他们认为他们已经掌握的语言现在似乎包含了令人困惑的各种成语、陈词滥调和在不同语境中具有不同含义的公认短语。

17.单选题

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate（波动）persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto（

）.

2.Soundisproducedby

（

）.

3.Decibelis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

问题2选项

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

问题3选项

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

问题4选项

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

问题5选项

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题干关键词Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”（马赫被定义为“在被考虑的媒介中，火箭或飞机的速度与声速的比率”）可知选A。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules（声音是由物体的振动产生的，并通过分子的物质介质向外辐射的压力的交替增加和减少而传播）可知A选项“物体通过空气的振动”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词decibel定位到文章倒数第二段中，由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.（强度，或响度，是这些辐射波的压力强度，以分贝为单位）可知C选项“测量声音强度的单位”符合题意。

4.推理判读题。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.（它在其他温度和不同的介质中变化）”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound（声音的速度）”，然后介绍了在不同介质中传播的速度不同，因此B选项“声音以不同的速度在不同的温度和不同的介质中传播”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。A选项仅适合文章第一段的主题；C选项仅适合第四段和第五段的主题；D选项仅适合第六段的主题。文章首段与尾段都提到了声音的速度，中间也有提到，因此B选项“声音的速度”符合题意。

18.填空题

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文语境。根据Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并没有像气候模型预测的那样变暖）中的predicted可知此处应该是predictions.句意：《自然》杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，小型火山爆发可能是全球变暖速度没有跟上之前预测的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个形容词。选项中能与atmosphere搭配的形容词是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（对地球表面和低层大气的温度的影响）符合句意。

68.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个程度副词修饰little表示“相当小”。根据句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在过去，研究人员观察到温室气体水平的增加和全球变暖，但在过去的15年里，地球表面的温度几乎没有显示出相当小的变暖迹象），可知应该填入relatively程度副词。

69.考查句子结构和语法。前面有不定冠词a和形容词clear,此处应该填入一个单数名词，选项里面只有signal符合。句意：我们所展示的是，即使没有任何计算机模型计算，也有明确的信号表明，这些早期的火山活动对温度和大气反射的阳光产生了影响。

70.

考查句子结构和语态。根据hasbeenlargely…by判断，这里是一个被动语态，需要填动词的过去分词，选项里面只有ignored是过去分词。句意：到目前为止，这种降温效应在很大程度上一直被气候科学家所忽视。

19.单选题

It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

问题1选项

A.acquire

B.result

C.obtain

D.derive

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项acquire表示“获得，取得”；B选项result表示“结果，导致”；C选项obtain表示“获得，取得”；D选项derive表示“源于，得自”。根据句意可知，很多流行的英语表达实际上来自圣经。因此，本题选择D项最符合句意。

20.单选题

Alltheories（

）frompracticeandinturnservepractice.

问题1选项

A.originate

B.restrain

C.modify

D.reflect

【答案】A

【解析】originatefrom为常用词组,表示“起源于,来源于”。句意:一切理论都来源于实践,反过来又为实践服务。选项A符合句意。

21.翻译题

Virtualhighschools,whichallowstudentstotakeclassesviaPC,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative,particularlyforon-the-goathletes.UniversityofMiamiOnlineHighSchool(UMOHS)hasmorethan400studentsenrolled,56%ofwhomareathletes.Accreditedbythe100-year-oldSouthernAssociationofCollegesandSchools,UMOHSoffershonorsandadvanced-placementclasses.Allcoursematerialisonlinealongwithassignmentsandduedates.Forhelp,saysprincipalHowardLiebman,“Astudentmaye-mail,instantmessageorcalltheteacher.”

Dallas'momLoriBannonturnedtoanotheronlineschool.LaurelSpringsinOjai,Calif,Bannon,WhohasamedicaldegreefromHarvard,didn’twanttocompromisetheeducationofherdaughterLindsay,13,anelitegymnastwhospendseighthoursadayinthegym.“Regularschoolwasnotanoption,”saysBannon,“butIwantedtomakesureshecouldgobackatgradelevelifshequitgymnastics.”LaurelSprings'enrollmenthasincreased35%ayearforthepastfouryearsto1,800students.Atleast25%areeitherathletesorchildentertainers.

Educatorsaresplitonthemeritsofsuchschools.PaulOrehovec,anenrollmentofficerfortheUniversityofMiami,admits,“Iwassomewhatofaskeptic,butwhenIlookedintotheirprogramsandaccreditation,Iwasexcited.UMOHSisthefirstonlineschooltobegrantedmembershipintheNationalHonorSociety.”KevinRoy,Elite’sdirectorofeducation,seespitfallsandpotentialinvirtualschools.“Youwillneverhavethatwonderfulteacherwhoinspiresyouforlife,”saysRoy.“Butthevirtualschooloffersendlesspossibilities.Idon’tknowwhereeducation’simaginationwilltakethis.”

【答案】虚拟高中允许学生通过电脑上学，现在已经成为了一个日渐流行的教育方式，那些忙碌的运动员们尤其钟爱这种选择。迈阿密网络学校已招收400多名学生，其中56%是运动员。该校已获得拥有100年历史的南部大学和中学联合会的批准，提供荣誉和预修课程，授课过程与作业练习都在线上进行，并标注截止时间。校长霍华德·利伯曼说，如果需要帮助，学生可以通过电子邮件，即时短信或电话联系老师。

达拉斯的母亲洛丽·班农选择了另一所网络学校——加州奥凯市的劳雷尔·斯普林斯。班农拥有哈佛大学的医学学位，她不想让自己13岁的女儿林赛的教育受到影响。林赛是一名优秀的体操运动员，她每天在体育馆要待上8个小时。班农说:“我并非想让她接受常规学校教育，我只是想确保她在结束体操生涯后能跟上正常的学习。”在过去四年，劳雷尔·斯普林斯的入学率年增长为35%，学生人数达到了1800。其中至少25%的学生是运动员或演员。

教育工作者对这些学校的优缺点看法不一。迈阿密网络学校的招生官保罗·奥赫维克承认，“对此我曾经有点怀疑。但当我查看他们的项目和资格认证时，我很兴奋。迈阿密网络学校是第一所被授予国家荣誉协会会员资格的网络学校。”精英教育总监教育主管凯文•罗伊看到了虚拟学校的缺陷和潜力。罗伊说:“你永远也不会有一个能激励你一生的好老师。但虚拟学校提供了无限的可能性。我不知道教育的想象力会把这种可能性发挥到哪种地步。”

22.单选题

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,taste,andcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy.However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationformtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticallocus,initself,turnedouttohavelittleexplanatoryvalue.Studiesshowedthatsensationsasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture,andpressureapparentlymayarisetothroughactivationof

thesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitationitisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogeneousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Toma