考研考博-英语-中国政法大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国政法大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（

）tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】短语辨析。句意:与收入相比，他在假期旅行和奢侈品上的开销太高了。

comparison比较，常用于by/incomparisonwith与...相比较；inproportionto与...成比例；与…相比；association联系，合伙，常用于inassociationwith与..联系；与…合伙；calculation计算。因此B项正确。

2.单选题

Theygaveeachotheragoldringtosymbolizetheirmarriage______.

问题1选项

A.approval

B.commitment

C.consent

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approval“批准（计划、要求等）”；B选项commitment“承诺，保证”；C选项consent“（正式）赞同；批文”；D选项obligation“（已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任”。句意：他们互赠金戒指象征他们婚姻的______。B选项commitment“承诺；保证”在这里比较符合语境，指金戒指象征婚姻的承诺，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.翻译题

计算机病毒系一小撮存心不良的黑客所为，这些人纯属为了搞恶作剧而编造有毒软件。病毒是短行的软件代码，具有以下三个特征：第一，病毒把自己隐藏在合法的文件或程序之中；第二，病毒像细菌那样进行复制以在计算机之间传播；第三，病毒对计算机的所作所为可令你气得发疯。

【答案】Computervirusesarecreatedbyasmallgroupofevilhackerswhowriteharmfulsoftwarejustforthesakeoffun.Thevirusesareshort-linesoftwarecodes,witchhavethefollowingthreefeatures,first,theyhidethemselvesamonglegaldocumentsorprograms;second,theycancopythemselveslikebacteriatobetransferredamongcomputers;third,theireffectonyourcomputerswilldriveyoucrazyandmakeyoumad.

4.单选题

Aconservativemanalways（）hostilitytothechangesthattakeplaceinthecontemporaryworld.

问题1选项

A.cherish

B.embrace

C.embody

D.harbour

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:cherish“珍爱”；B:embrace“包括；拥抱”；C:embody“表现，象征”；D:harbour“隐匿；怀着；包含，藏有”。句意：一个保守的人总是对当今世界发生的变化怀有敌意。根据语境和句意可知D为正确答案。

5.单选题

TheeasternslopesoftheCatskillMountainsare（precipitous）,butthewesternslopesdeclinemoregradually.

问题1选项

A.eroded

B.snowbound

C.heavilyforested

D.extremelysteep

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。precipitous意为“陡峭的，险峻的”；eroded意为“被腐蚀的，毁坏的”；snowbound意为“被雪困住的，被雪封住的”；heavilyforested意为“被密集/高密度的森林覆盖的”；extremelysteep意为“非常陡峭，极其陡峭”。

句意：卡兹基尔山脉的东坡很陡峭，但西坡逐渐下降。

6.单选题

Theshort,smilingmanwhointroducehimselfasthemanagerdeniedthatwehadpaidmorethanotherpeople,thoughhedidadmitthatwehadbeenputina“special”room.

问题1选项

A.whointroducehimself

B.asthemanagerdenied

C.didadmit

D.hadbeenput

E.没有错误

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。时态错误。introduce改为introduced。谓语动词为denied,是一般过去时,因此A项定语从句中的动词Introduce也应该用过去式。

7.单选题

Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because（）goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.

问题1选项

A.neitheryounorIare

B.neitheryounormeis

C.neitheryounorIam

D.neithermenoryouare

【答案】C

【解析】语法题——考查neither...nor...的用法。当neither…nor…连接两个主语时，需要遵循就近原则，即主谓一致，以靠近谓语动词的，做主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准，由此可排除A选项。在英语中一般将“我”放在后面，排除D选项；而B选项中的“me”错在宾语形式，此处需要主语形式“I”。因此C选项正确。句意：这件事再讨论也没用了，因为今天你我都不会达成一致意见的。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

问题1选项

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“节奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［乐］速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

9.单选题

Theweathermanbroadcaststhe（）intemperaturetwiceaday.

问题1选项

A.diversion

B.variation

C.variety

D.modification

【答案】B

【解析】diversion转移,消遣；variation变化,变异；variety多样化；modification修正,改变。句意：天气预报员每天两次播报气温变化。选项B符合句意。

10.写作题

Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whichistoppriority,toeliminateinequalityorpovertyinourcountry?"

Writeaspeechforthedebateandclarifyyourownviewpointtowardswhateveryourpositionwillbe(justoneposition).Butbesurethatyourargumentwillbesupportedwithampleexamplesorevidence.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyourspeech.

Thelengthofyourspeechisexpectedtobebetween250and300words.WriteyourspeechontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

11.单选题

AmongthefirstplanstogrowthelandregionsofEarth______,whichinprehistorictimesgrewtoimmensesize.

问题1选项

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在最初的计划中，地球规模中的陆地区域在史前时期规模增长到巨大。A选项segregation“分离；隔离”；B选项specification“规格；说明书”；C选项spectrum“光谱；频谱；范围”；D选项subscription“捐献；订阅；订金；签署”。根据immensesize可知B选项specification“规格”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Thekeytothesequestionsistheemotionalresponsewecallanxiety.Unlikehungerorthirst,whichbuildanddissipate(驱散)intheimmediatepresent,anxietyisthesortoffeelingthatsneaksuponyoufromthedayaftertomorrow.It’ssupposedtokeepyoufromfeelingtoosafe.Withoutit,fewofuswouldsurvive.

Allanimals,especiallythesmall,scurryingkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswormoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger-andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming(或隐或现)—anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Thereiscertainlyalotofanxietygoingaround.Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobias(恐惧症)togeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans.

Andyet,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastJanuarybyresearchersfromUCLA,lessthan25%ofAmericanswithanxietydisordersreceiveanykindoftreatmentfortheircondition.“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem,”saysJerilynRoss,presidentoftheAnxietyDisordersAssociationofAmerica.“thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”

SigmundFreudwasfascinatedwithanxietyandrecognizedearlyonthatthereismorethanonekind.Heidentifiedtwomajorformsofanxiety:onemorebiologicalinnatureandtheothermoredependentonpsychologicalfactors.Unfortunately,hisfollowersweresoobsessedwithhisideasaboutsexdrivesandunresolvedconflictsthatstudiesofthephysicalbasisofanxietylanguished(减退).

1.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleofthispassage?

2.WhydoestheauthorgivetheexampleoftheterroristattackonSept.11?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhatdoesJerilynRossmeanby“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem...thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”inParagraph5?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.HealingAnxiety.

B.UnderstandingAnxiety.

C.TheOriginofAnxiety.

D.TheHazardsofAnxiety.

问题2选项

A.Toshowthatanxietyseldomreoccurs.

B.Toindicatethatanxietyiseasytoarouse.

C.Toprovethathumanisatrisk.

D.Todemonstratethatmankindismorenervousthananyothertime.

问题3选项

A.Anxietydisorderhasanegativeimpact.

B.Anxietyisoneofthehealthcareissues.

C.Anxietyissupposedtobeavoided.

D.Whatleadstoanxietycanbeambiguous.

问题4选项

A.Theproblemofmentalhealthisneglected.

B.Theproblemofanxietyisneglected.

C.Mentalhealthisahealth-careproblem.

D.Anxietyisamental-healthproblem.

问题5选项

A.SigmundFreud’sideasarewelldevelopedbythefollowers.

B.Sexdrivesandunresolvedconflictscanrelieveanxiety.

C.SigmundFreudidentifiedtypesofanxiety.

D.Moreresearchesshouldbeconductedinphysicalaspectofanxiety.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章讲了焦虑是什么、焦虑的来源、焦虑带来的影响、治疗焦虑的研究和方法，B选项“理解焦虑”正确。A选项“治疗焦虑”，C选项“焦虑的起源”和D选项“焦虑的危害”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此B选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.（但我们生活在一个特别焦虑的时代。）和第二段最后一句Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.（最近一连串恐怖的警告竟然如此迅速地引发了我们许多人以为已经抛在脑后的焦虑。），提出现在的人普遍焦虑的论点后引出911事件的例子进行论证，再点出抛在脑后的焦虑容易再次出现，B选项“表明焦虑是容易引起的”正确，A选项“表示焦虑很少再次发生”错误。C选项“证明人类处于危险之中”：这里的重点是危险引起的焦虑，而且文中没有说类似于911的危险事件非常多，故错误。D选项“证明人类比任何时候都要紧张”：根据第二段第二、三句Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.（自从人类与剑齿虎共享这个星球以来，就一直有这种感觉。但我们生活在一个特别焦虑的时代。），文中没有对比人类在各个时期的焦虑状况，不符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句Withoutit,fewofuswouldsurvive.（没有它，我们很少有人能活下来。），可知焦虑有帮助人存活下来的作用，人类需要适度的焦虑，C选项“应该避免焦虑”不符合文章内容。根据第四段第二句Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.（焦虑症——健康专家称任何持续干扰人生活的焦虑——是美国最常见的精神疾病。），可知焦虑症会干扰人的生活，是一种精神疾病，A选项“焦虑症有负面影响”符合文章内容。根据第五段第二句“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem.”…“thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”（“如果心理健康是医疗保健系统的继子。”……“那么焦虑就是继子的继子。”），可知心理健康属于医疗保健系统，而焦虑属于心理健康，B选项“焦虑是健康保健问题之一”符合文章内容。根据第三段第三、四句Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause…Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.（有时原因很明显……其他时候，我们不知道为什么我们不能停止担忧。），可知有时焦虑的原因很明确，有时焦虑的原因无从得知，D选项“有时说不清楚是什么引起焦虑”符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem.”…“thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”（“如果心理健康是医疗保健系统的继子。”……“那么焦虑就是继子的继子。”），这里运用打比方的方式阐述心理健康、医疗保健系统和焦虑的关系，重点在于后半段焦虑是心理健康的继子，即焦虑属于心理健康，D选项“焦虑是一种心理健康问题”正确，C选项“心理健康是一个保健问题”不是表达的重点。A选项“心理健康问题被忽视了”和B选项“焦虑的问题被忽视了”：这里没有提到这些问题有没有被忽略。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Heidentifiedtwomajorformsofanxiety（他确定了两种主要的焦虑形式），C选项“西格蒙德•弗洛伊德确定了焦虑的类型”正确。根据文章最后一句Unfortunately,hisfollowersweresoobsessedwithhisideasaboutsexdrivesandunresolvedconflictsthatstudiesofthephysicalbasisofanxietylanguished.（不幸的是，他的追随者对他关于性冲动和未解决的冲突的观点过于着迷，以至于对焦虑的生理基础的研究也停滞不前。），可知西格蒙德•弗洛伊德的追随者没有进一步推动他的思想和理论，A选项“西格蒙德•弗洛伊德的思想在追随者中得到了很好的发展”错误；没有明确表示得出B选项“性欲和未解决的冲突可以缓解焦虑”的结论；在焦虑方面的生理研究停滞不前不代表需要进一步研究，D选项“在焦虑的身体方面需要进行更多的研究”错误。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Almost15yearsago,in“TheWorkofNations,”Idescribedathree-tieredworkforcefoundinmostadvancedeconomies.Atthebottomwereworkerswhoofferpersonalservice,mainlyinretailoutlets,restaurants,hotelsandhospitals.Inthemiddlewereproductionworkersinfactoriesoroffices,performingsimple,repetitivetasks.Atthetopwere“symbolicanalysts”,likeengineersorlawyers,whomanipulateinformationtosolveproblems.Educatedtothinkcritically,almostallhaveuniversitydegrees.Theyweretheknowledgeworkersoftheneweconomy.

Ipredictedthatadvancesintechnology,andglobalization,wouldwidenthegapsinincomeandopportunitybetweenthesetiers.WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.Theirincomesindevelopingeconomiesaresoaring,relativetootherworkers’.

Twodifferentgroupsofsymbolicanalystsareemerging:nationalandglobal.Mostsymbolicanalystsstillworkwithinanationaleconomy,manipulatingvariouskindsofsymbolswiththeaidofcomputers.They’reatthecoreoftheirnations’middleclass—accountants,engineers,lawyers,journalistsandotheruniversity-trainedprofessionals.

Yetanewgroupisemergingattheverytop.They’reCEOsandCFOsofglobalcorporations,andpartnersandexecutivesinglobalinvestmentbanks,lawfirmsandconsultancies.Unlikemostnationalsymbolicanalysts,theseglobalsymbolicanalystsconductalmostalltheirworkinEnglish,andsharewithoneanotheranincreasinglysimilarcosmopolitanculture.

There’sagoodeconomicreasonthatthisgroupofglobalsymbolicanalystsemerged.Globalcommerceisnowoccurringonascaleandwithacomplexitythatnocommercialcontractcanadequatelycoverandnosinglelegalsystemcansufficientlyenforce.Hence,globaldealmakersmustrelytoanevergreaterextentonanextendednetworkofpeoplewhomtheytrust.

Thefearsofnationalsymbolicanalystsarepremature.Thedemandfortheirskillsisstillrising,notwithstandingthenewcompetition.TheearningsofuniversitygraduatesintheUnitedStatesandmostadvancedeconomiescontinuetooutpacetheearningsofthosewithonlysecondary-schooldiplomas,andtheearningsofpeoplewithgraduateandprofessionaldegreesarerisingevenfaster.Ifdemandforsymbolicanalystsweredropping,wewouldexpecttheopposite.

YetunlesstheadvancedeconomiesinvestmoreineducationandbasicR&D,theycouldlosetheirgloballeadinscience,engineeringandhigh-value-addedproductionwithinafewdecades.ChinaandIndiaarenowgraduatingmoreengineersandcomputerscientiststhanareemergingfromAmericanandEuropeanuniversities.Atsomepoint,nationalsymbolicanalystsinadvancedeconomieswillloseground.Theirglobalbrethren,meanwhile,willcontinuetodominateglobalcommerce.Theincomeandwealthgapbetweenthemwillwidenintoachasm.Theywilllive,literally,indifferentcultures.

1.Inwhatwayisthepredictionmadebytheauthor15yearsagoflawed?

2.Inwhatwayhasthethreetierschangedshapeindevelopedcountries?

3.Theemergenceoftheglobalsymbolicanalystsismainlyattributabletothe______.

4.Theauthoradvisesadvancedcountrieswanttokeeptheircompetitiveadvantageto______.

5.Theauthorimpliesinthetextthat______.

问题1选项

A.Theincomegapsbetweenthetiersarenotwidening.

B.Advancesintechnologycreateafourthtieronthetop.

C.Theincomegapbetweenthemiddleandtoptiersismadewider.

D.Theknowledgeworkersbecomethelargestgroupoftheworkforce.

问题2选项

A.Thenumberofmanufacturingworkersisonthedecline.

B.Thesymbolicanalystshavebecomethedominantworkforce.

C.Thenumberofpeopleinserviceindustryremainsstable.

D.Thecomputerworkersreceivethelargersalariesthanotherworkers.

问题3选项

A.popularityoftheEnglishlanguage

B.increasedtransnationalbusinesstransaction

C.lackofsuitablelawapplicabletoglobaldealings

D.emergenceofaglobalculture

问题4选项

A.narrowdowntheincomegapsbetweentiersoftheworkforce

B.givenationalsymbolicanalystscons

C.paydueattentiontotheriseofglobalsymbolicanalysts

D.streammoremoneyintoeducationandresearch

问题5选项

A.afour-tieredclassificationismoresuitableforpicturingthepresentworkforce

B.nationalsymbolicanalystswillplayavitalroleintheupcomingglobalization

C.graduatesfromChineseandIndianuniversitieswillbevaluedinadvancedeconomies

D.engineersandcomputerscientistswillplaydifferentrolesindifferentcultures

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Ipredictedthatadvancesintechnology,andglobalization,wouldwidenthegapsinincomeandopportunitybetweenthesetiers.WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.（我预测，技术进步和全球化将扩大这些阶层之间的收入和机会差距。我没有预料到的是，这三层的形状会发生如此巨大的变化。顶层和底层都在增长，而中层在萎缩，比我预期的要快得多。）”，由顶层在增长，中层在萎缩，可推断出中高层阶级的收入差距变得更大了，这是作者没有预测到的，所以C选项“中高层收入差距进一步扩大”符合题意。根据“WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.（我没有预料到的是，这三层的形状会发生如此巨大的变化。）”可知A选项“各阶层之间的收入差距没有扩大”说法错误；B选项“技术的进步创造了比高层更高的第四层”不符合题意；D选项“知识工人成为劳动力的最大群体”，文章提到“Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.（象征性分析师现在占据了发达经济体所有工作岗位的五分之一以上，而15年前这一比例约为15%。）”，并没有说知识工人成为劳动力的最大群体，D选项错误。因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.Theirincomesindevelopingeconomiesaresoaring,relativetootherworkers.（顶层和底层都在增长，而中层在萎缩，比我预期的要快得多。象征性分析师现在占据了发达经济体所有工作岗位的五分之一以上，而15年前这一比例约为15%。相对于其他工人，他们在发展中国家的收入正在飙升。）”，以及结合第一段可知，中层阶级主要是制造业工人，该句中提到中层阶级在萎缩，由此可推断制造业工人的数量在下降，A选项“制造业工人数量在下降”正确；B选项“象征性分析师已经成为主导的劳动力”，文章只提到了他们的比例有所提高，并没有强调他们的主导地位，B选项错误；根据第一段“Atthebottomwereworkerswhoofferpersonalservice,mainlyinretailoutlets,restaurants,hotelsandhospitals.（最底层的是提供个人服务的工人，主要在零售店、餐馆、酒店和医院工作。）”，且第二段提到“Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking...（顶层和底层都在增长，而中层在萎缩……）”可知服务业从业人数增长了，所以C选项“服务业从业人数保持稳定”说法错误；D选项“计算机工人的工资比其他工人高”文章没有提到，因此A选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段“There’sagoodeconomicreasonthatthisgroupofglobalsymbolicanalystsemerged.Globalcommerceisnowoccurringonascaleandwithacomplexitythatnocommercialcontractcanadequatelycoverandnosinglelegalsystemcansufficientlyenforce.Hence,globaldealmakersmustrelytoanevergreaterextentonanextendednetworkofpeoplewhomtheytrust.（这群全球符号分析师的出现有一个很好的经济原因。目前全球商业的规模和复杂性是任何商业合同都无法充分涵盖的，是任何单一的法律体系都无法充分执行的。因此，全球交易商必须在更大程度上依赖于他们所信任的扩大网络。）”，由此可推断出全球符号分析师出现的根本原因是因为缺乏适用于全球交易的法律，所以C选项“缺乏适用于全球交易的法律”正确。A选项“英语语言的普及”；B选项“跨国业务交易的增加”虽然也是一个原因，但不是根本原因；D选项“全球文化的出现”。因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“YetunlesstheadvancedeconomiesinvestmoreineducationandbasicR&D,theycouldlosetheirgloballeadinscience,engineeringandhigh-value-addedproductionwithinafewdecades.（然而，除非发达经济体在教育和基础研发方面加大投资，否则它们可能在几十年内失去在科学、工程和高附加值生产方面的全球领先地位。）”，由此可知作者建议发达国家如果想要保持他们的竞争优势，就必须加大对教育和研究与开发方面的投资，所以D选项“加大对教育和研究的资金投入”符合题意。A选项“缩小劳动阶层之间的收入差距”；B选项“给国家象征分析家一些批评”；C选项“对全球符号分析者的崛起给予应有的关注”。因此D选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“ChinaandIndiaarenowgraduatingmoreengineersandcomputerscientiststhanareemergingfromAmericanandEuropeanuniversities.Atsomepoint,nationalsymbolicanalystsinadvancedeconomieswillloseground.Theirglobalbrethren,meanwhile,willcontinuetodominateglobalcommerce.（现在，中国和印度的工程师和计算机科学家毕业生比美国和欧洲大学毕业生还要多。在某种程度上，发达经济体的国家象征性分析师将失去优势。与此同时，他们的全球兄弟将继续主导全球商业。）”，由此可推断出C选项“中国和印度大学的毕业生将在发达经济体受到重视”符合题意。A选项“四级分类更适合描述目前的劳动力”；B选项“国家象征分析家将在即将到来的全球化中扮演至关重要的角色”；D选项“工程师和计算机科学家将在不同的文化中扮演不同的角色”。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot（）theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.

问题1选项

A.subjectto

B.carryon

C.yieldto

D.aimat

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。subjectto“使……遭受，受制于”；carryon“继续，参与”；yieldto“屈服，服从”；aimat“目的在于……”。句意：他的思想负担是，追求真理的哲学家不应该屈服于尝试优雅写作的诱惑。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.tohavebeencreated

B.tobecreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.beingcreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查被动语态。as在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词，排除A、B，create的动作是过去发生的，应该用过去时态，排除D。句意：不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Thesalesdepartmenthastohavean（）knowledgeofwhatcustomerswantandhowmuchtheywanttopay.

问题1选项

A.implicit

B.intimate

C.abrupt

D.anonymous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“含蓄的、暗示的”；B选项intimate“亲密的”；C选项abrupt“突然的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”，句意为：销售部门必须非常了解顾客想要什么，他们想要付多少钱。anintimateknowledgeof“精通某事”，因此选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Atthepressconference,thePrimeMinister（）thegovernment’srefusaltocompromisewithterrorists.

问题1选项

A.rectified

B.recited

C.rekindled

D.reiterated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。rectify“调整，矫正”；recite“背诵，叙述”；rekindle“复燃”；reiterate“重申，重复”。句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely______myideatoproveyourpoint.

问题1选项

A.revising

B.contradicting

C.distorting

D.distracting

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项revise“修正、复习、校订”；B项contradict“反驳、否定”；C项distort“扭曲、曲解”；D项distract“转移、分心”；句意：我根本没有那样说，你故意曲解我的观点以证明你的论点。因此该题C项正确。

19.单选题

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty______tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

问题1选项

A.thatispossible

B.thatitispossible

C.whetheritispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。uncertainty后面的句子正是作为同位语用来修饰这个先行词，而只有whether可以表示“不确定性”，因此C选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,