考研考博-英语-华东理工大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东理工大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudeoilhaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephoneusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,itsoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oilimportingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshiftedhavebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.

Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%.

1.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis____.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif____.

3.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries____.

4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthepassagethat____.

5.Fromthepassagewecanseethatthewriterseems____.

问题1选项

A.globalinflation

B.reductioninsupply

C.fastgrowthineconomy

D.Iraq’simpositionofexports

问题2选项

A.priceofcrudeoilrises

B.commoditypricesrise

C.consumptionrises

D.oiltaxesrise

问题3选项

A.heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive

B.incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices

C.manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed

D.oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP

问题4选项

A.oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow

B.inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks

C.energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices

D.thepriceriseofcrudeoilleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry

问题5选项

A.optimistic

B.sensitive

C.gloomy

D.scared

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis____.最近油价上涨的主要原因是____。

A.globalinflationA.全球通货膨胀

B.reductioninsupplyB.供应减少

C.fastgrowthineconomyC.经济快速增长

D.Iraq’simpositionofexportsD.伊拉克征收出口关税

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】本题询问是近期石油上涨的主要原因。根据题干关键词thelatestriseofoilprice定位到原文第一段第二句，该句提到“自三月份石油输出国家组织（OPEC）同意减产（supply-cuts）以来，原油价格已从去年十二月的不到十美元一桶跃升至近二十六美元一桶。”由此可知，最近石油价格上涨的原因是“石油减产”，B选项“供应减少”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“全球通货膨胀”，可定位到原文第一段倒数第二句，该句提到“之前的两次冲击都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球经济下滑。”由此可知，原文提到“通货膨胀”是指前两次石油价格上涨导致的后果，并不是本次油价上涨的原因，该选项属于张冠李戴；

C选项“经济快速增长”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，该句提到“不断增强的经济增长，可能会在短期内进一步推高油价（couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm）。”由此可知，“经济增长”只是原文提到的短期内可能推动油价上涨的因素，不是“近期石油上涨的主要原因”，该选项属于本末倒置；

D选项“伊拉克征收出口关税”，可定位到原文第二段第一句，该句提到“本周，当伊拉克暂停石油出口时，油价又被推高（anotherpushup）了。”由此可知，原文提到的推动油价升高的原因是“伊拉克暂停石油出口”，并未提到“征收出口关税”，该选项属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif____.从文章中可以推断，如果____，汽油零售价格将大幅上涨。

A.priceofcrudeoilrisesA.原油价格上涨

B.commoditypricesriseB.商品价格上涨

C.consumptionrisesC.消费上升

D.oiltaxesriseD.石油税上涨

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词retailpriceofpetrol定位到原文第三段最后一句，该句提到“在欧洲，税收（taxes）占零售价格（theretailprice）的五分之四，所以即使原油价格（thepriceofcrudeoil）发生很大的变化，对零售价的影响也比过去小。”由此可知，原油价格上涨对汽油零售价的影响很小，而税收占零售价格的比重非常大，如果税收上涨的话，零售价格也会大幅上涨。因此，D选项“石油税上涨”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“原油价格上涨”，原文提到“原油价格上涨对汽油零售价的影响很小”，该选项属于曲解原文；

B选项“商品价格上涨”，可定位到原文最后一段第一句，该句提到“与上世纪70年代的油价上涨不同，本次油价上涨并不是在总体商品价格上涨（generalcommodity-priceinflation）和全球需求过剩的背景下发生的。”由此可知，原文提到“商品价格上涨”是上世纪石油价格上涨的背景，并不能由此推出，商品价格上涨会带来石油价格大幅上涨，该选项属于过度推理；

C选项“消费上升”，可定位到原文第四段，本段第一、二句提到“发达经济体对石油的依赖也比过去少了，因此对油价的波动也不那么敏感了。节约能源、改用其他燃料以及能源密集型重工业重要性的下降，都减少了石油消费（oilconsumption）。”由此可知，原文提到“石油消费”是在说发达经济体的石油消费减少了，因此对石油的依赖程度降低了；并没有提到“石油消费上升”会提高油价，该选项属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries____.《经济展望》的评估表明，在富裕国家____。

A.heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensiveA.重工业变得更加能源密集型

B.incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilpricesB.收入损失主要是原油价格波动造成的

C.manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezedC.制造业受到严重挤压

D.oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDPD.石油价格变化对GDP没有显著影响

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词EconomicOutlook定位到原文第四段第五句，该句提到“经济合作与发展组织在其最新的《经济展望》中估计，与1998年13美元一桶的平均油价相比，其全年平均油价为22美元一桶，这将使富裕经济体的石油进口支出仅增加GDP的0.25-0.5%。”由此可知，石油价格的增长，仅仅增加GDP的0.25-0.5%，这种影响是非常小的，因此，D选项“石油价格变化对GDP没有显著影响”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“重工业变得更加能源密集型”，可定位到原文第四段最后一句，该句提到“进口石油的新兴经济体（oilimportingemergingeconomies）——它们的重工业已经转移到这些国家——已经变得更加能源密集”，由此可知，新兴经济体的重工业变得更加能源密集型，而不是富裕国家，该选项属于张冠李戴；

B选项“收入损失主要是原油价格波动造成的”，可定位到原文第四段第五、六句，这两句提到，石油价格上涨“仅使石油进口支出增加GDP的0.25-0.5%”，“这还不到1974年或1980年收入损失（incomeloss）的四分之一。”由此可知，原油价格波动对收入损失的影响很小，因此，收入损失不可能主要是原油价格波动造成的，该选项表述错误，属于反向干扰；

C选项“制造业受到严重挤压”，可定位到原文第四段最后一句，该句提到“进口石油的新兴经济体——它们的重工业已经转移到这些国家——已经变得更加能源密集，因此可能会受到更严重的挤压（bemoreseriouslysqueezed）。”由此可知，该选项表述的是新兴经济体的情况，而不是富裕国家的情况，该选项属于张冠李戴。

第4题:【选项释义】

Wecandrawaconclusionfromthepassagethat____.我们可以从文章中总结出____。

A.oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnowA.油价冲击现在不那么令人震惊了

B.inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocksB.通货膨胀似乎与石油价格冲击无关

C.energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilpricesC.节约能源可以压低油价

D.thepriceriseofcrudeoilleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustryD.原油价格的上涨导致重工业的萎缩

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本文的行文结构为“提出问题——给出结论——进行论证”。原文第三段第一句点明作者的观点，“我们有充分的理由预计，现在的经济后果不会像上世纪70年代那么严重（belesssevere）”，第三至五段分别给出一个理由进行论证。由此推断，A选项“油价冲击现在不那么令人震惊了”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“通货膨胀似乎与石油价格冲击无关”，可定位到原文第一段第四句，该句提到“之前的两次冲击都导致了两位数的通货膨胀（resultedindouble-digitinflation）和全球经济下滑。”由此可知，通货膨胀与石油价格冲击有关，该选项表述错误，属于反向干扰；

C选项“节约能源可以压低油价”，可定位到原文第四段第二句，该句提到“节约能源减少了石油消费（havereducedoilconsumption）。”由此可知，原文提到节约能源可以减少石油消费，并没有说能降低油价，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“原油价格的上涨导致重工业的萎缩”，原文并没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

第5题:【选项释义】

Fromthepassagewecanseethatthewriterseems____.从文章中我们可以看到，作者似乎是____。

A.optimisticA.乐观的

B.sensitiveB.敏感的

C.gloomyC.悲观的

D.scaredD.害怕的

【答案】A

【考查点】观点态度题

【解题思路】本文的行文结构为“提出问题——给出结论——进行论证”。原文第三段第一句点明作者的观点，“我们有充分的理由预计，现在的经济后果不会像上世纪70年代那么严重（belesssevere）”，由此可知，作者的态度还是非常乐观的，A选项“乐观的”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】B选项“敏感的”、C选项“悲观的”、D选项“害怕的”，不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

2.单选题

Theunpleasanttasteofthemedicineprescribedbyafamousdoctor（）inhis

mouthforhours.

问题1选项

A.rests

B.waited

C.prolonged

D.lingered

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。rests休息；waited等待；prolonged延长；lingered逗留。句意：那位名医开的药的讨厌味道在他嘴里（）了好几个小时。因此D选项符合句意。

3.单选题

Theoceanbottomeventodayislargelyunexplored:untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep-oceanfloorwascompletely（

），hiddenbeneathwateraveragingover3,600metersdeep.

问题1选项

A.inevitable

B.indefinite

C.incomparable

D.inaccessible

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词辨析。“inevitable”不可避免的；“indefinite”不确定的；“incomparable”不可比拟的；“inaccessible”难到达的，难接近的。句意：海洋底部甚至时至今日仍然有大部分未被探索：直到大约一个世纪以前深海底部完全无法到达的局面才得以改变，这些区域都深藏在平均深度在海面3600米以下的深海处。选项D符合句意。

4.翻译题

Traditionally,thewomanhasheldalowpositioninamarriagepartnership.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowash,stitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewoman,whichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseeofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdaily,yearlongcohabitation.Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterests(andfriendship)aswellasmutuallysharedones,iftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities.Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests-beingamusing,discussingwithpassionandpoint-andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Onceamanconfessed,“ThegreatquestionIhavenotbeenabletoansweris:Whatdoesawomanwant?”Manyhusbandswonderthesamethingtoday.

【答案】从传统上讲，女性在婚姻关系中处于较低的地位。丈夫出门时，她就得洗洗涮涮，缝缝补补。今天的趋势是解放妇女，这最终可能会巩固婚姻。也许婚姻中友谊的最大障碍是夫妻经常见面。通常意义上的友谊不会受到每天、常年的同居生活的压力的考验。如果夫妇们不想要各自性格中更有吸引力的那些部分失去新鲜感，那么除了共同的兴趣外，他们还需要有各自的兴趣（和友谊）。已婚夫妇在来客人时很可能会竭尽全力地接待客人——幽默风趣，谈话时充满激情，——但是在客人走后陷入沉闷、疲惫的沉默。有一次一个男人坦白说：“我一直不能回答的一个大问题是：女人想要什么？”如今，许多丈夫都对同样的事情感到疑惑。

5.单选题

Inthefilmwesawlastnight,thehero（）hiswifetodeathwithhissword.

问题1选项

A.throat

B.thrust

C.trust

D.thread

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近异义动词辨析。A选项throat“用嗓音说”；B选项thrust“插入，猛刺”；C选项trust“信任”；D选项thread“通过，穿线于”。句意：在我们昨晚看的电影中，英雄用剑刺死了他的妻子。选项B符合语境。

6.单选题

Therobbersbrokeintothebank,（

）theclerkswithrevolversandforcedthemtogivemoneyjustastheywereabouttoknockoff.

问题1选项

A.shot

B.frightened

C.amused

D.menaced

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Shot“射击”；frightened“惊恐，使害怕”；amused“逗乐，使发笑”；menaced“威胁，恐吓”。句意：歹徒冲进银行，在银行职员打算按警报器的时候用枪威胁他们，强迫他们把钱拿出来。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Iseemtohavereachedarathergloomyconclusion,butIthinkthatsomethingcheerfulmaystillbe______fromit.

问题1选项

A.derived

B.extracted

C.abstracted

D.adapted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项derive“源自，获得”，B项extract“提取，抽取”，C项abstract“摘要，抽象化”，D项adapt“适应”。根据关键词conclusion“结论”可知，空格部分对应“获得”更符合语境。句意：我似乎得出了一个相当悲观的结论，但我认为仍可能从中得到一些令人高兴的东西。因此，该题选择A项正确。

8.单选题

LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.（1）.

Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.

（2）.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.

（3）.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecovered

withahomysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.

（4）.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.

（5）.

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.

问题1选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题2选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题3选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题4选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

问题5选项

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:F

第3题:E

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】（1）空前指出许多动物灭绝了，而接下来第二段指出，我们可以根据石头推测已灭绝的动物形状。前后为对立的两种情况,而B项开头的nevertheless正好表示转折，意思是：尽管如此，我们对它们了解很多，因为它们的骨头和贝壳是作为化石保存在岩石中的。从它们我们可以看出它们的大小和形状，它们走路的方式，它们吃的食物种类。该选项起到了衔接第一段和第二段的作用。

（2）此空时衔接第二段和第三段,选项F的最后一句与空白后的第一句密切相关。空白后第一句讲：我们所知道的几乎所有化石都是被保存在了由于水的作用而形成的岩石中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水边的动物。选项F提到：becarriedawaybystreamsintolakesorthesea,getcoveredbymud等，都是在讲水的作用形成化石；而最后一句“直到其骨头或外壳嵌进石头并被保存下来”，空格后也有一个preserved与之对应。因此F为此处正确答案。F意为：动物死后，其身体、骨骼或外壳通常会被溪流带走，流入湖泊或海洋，并被泥土覆盖。如果这只动物生活在海里，它的身体可能会下沉并被泥土覆盖。越来越多的泥土会落在上面，直到骨头或贝壳被嵌入并保存下来。

（3）53空后一句:还有像螃蟹一样的生物，其身体表面是一层角状物。紧接着后面部分介绍了这类动物的外貌特征。空后一句有一个“also”，由此推测空格处应该是关于另一种海洋生物。选项E提到starlilies这种海洋生物。E意为：最早被发现的动物都是非常简单的动物，生活在海里。后来的形态更为复杂，其中包括海百合、星鱼的关系，星鱼有长长的手臂，被一根长茎附在海床或岩石上。

（4）空格处后一句为:Ofthese,theammonitesare…shell…animal,说明ammonites是前面所提某种动物中的一个例子，它们的特点是“有壳"。据此推测此处应为A项。A意为：有壳的水生动物在化石中的历史很久了，而且已知的有很多不同的种类。

（5）55空上段主要讲的是有壳水生动物。下段第一句讲：大约7500万年前，爬行动物时代结束了。由此可知，要填入的文字应该既承接上段提到的有壳水生动物，又能够引出下文的爬行动物这样的内容。只有选项C中有相关的词gaverisetothereptiles。C意为：第一批真正有脊椎的动物是鱼类，最早出现在3.75亿年前的岩石中。大约3亿年前，两栖动物出现了，它们能够在陆地和水中生活。它们是巨大的，有时长达8英尺，其中许多生活在我们的煤层或岩层形成的沼泽水池中。两栖动物产生了爬行动物，在近1.5亿年的时间里，这些爬行动物是陆地、海洋和空中的主要生命形式。

9.单选题

Thereexistsomeproposals,likecreatingaseriesoflasersthatwouldsweepthetrashbackintoouratmosphere,whereitwouldmostlybumup.

问题1选项

A.particles

B.garbage

C.dust

D.ashes

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.particles颗粒，微粒B.garbage垃圾；废物

C.dust沙土，尘土；灰尘D.ashes灰烬

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】trash的意思为“废物，垃圾”，这里指把垃圾扫到大气层，garbage与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】有人提出了一些建议，比如制造一系列激光，把垃圾扫回来，扫到我们的大气层，大部分垃圾在大气层都会燃烧。

10.单选题

Thedeclineofmarriage:Forricher,forsmarterThetraditionalfamilyisnowthepreserveofaminority.Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves.Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton.Millionsmorehavewallowedinthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriageafterrevelationsthathefatheredasonwithamaid.AndthetumescenttweetsofcongressmanAnthonyWeinerhavestirredupendlessspeculationaboutthehealthofhisownyear-oldmarriageandtheforbearanceofhisnewlypregnantwife.

LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates.DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf(45%)ofallhouseholds.

TheiconicAmericanfamily,withmom,dadandkidsunderoneroof,isfading.Inever,statethenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsaregrowingfasterthanthosecomprisedofmarriedpeoplewithchildren,findsthe2010census.Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%.Andthetrendhasapotentclassdimension.Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent.

Therebarelywasamarriagegapin1960:onlyfourpercentagepointsseparatedtheweddedwaysofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduates(76%ve