考研考博-英语-南京医科大学康达学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京医科大学康达学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

问题1选项

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

问题2选项

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

问题3选项

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

问题4选项

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

问题5选项

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因为国家的巨大权力被用来促进各种意识形态的目的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”选项A错误；根据第一段的倒数第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不仅仅是文化问题,所以选项B也错误；选项C符合原文,选项D在文中没有提及。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知选项A正确；根据第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知选项B正确；根据第二段的倒数第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知选项D正确,只要选项C在文中未提及。

4.根据原文内容可知。本文的两个关键词是政治和文化,所以选项B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,选项A正确。

2.单选题

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

问题1选项

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析与固定搭配。A选项aview“（~about/onsth）看法，见解”；B选项avision“想象；幻想”；C选项aninsight“对某事的理解”；D选项asight“（看见的或看得见的）事物或景象；一个滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班达总统的医生背景使他____这个国家面临的医疗问题。总统的医生背景使他对医疗问题更了解，原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem，考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……；深入了解……”。B选项vision意为“远见卓识”是不可数，C选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

3.单选题

Britainhas（）trialsofdriverlesscarsinfourEnglishcities,withthegovernmentclaimingthenationwasuniquelyplacedtoleadthedevelopmentofthenewtechnology.

问题1选项

A.launched

B.surged

C.prevailed

D.yielded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项launched表示“发起，开展，启动，发射”；B选项surged表示“汹涌，蜂拥而来”；C选项prevailed表示“流行”；D选项yielded表示“产出，屈服，放弃”。空缺处所缺内容为动词，且需搭配宾语trialsofdriverlesscars，由此可知，只有A选项launched最符合句意，表示“开展无人驾驶试验”。故本题正确答案为A选项。

4.单选题

Wemaintainareflexive,（）affectionforUncleRalph,theboringfellowwithinterminablestoriesofatimeweneverknew.

问题1选项

A.hateful

B.distanced

C.loving

D.glaring

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。hateful“可恨的”；distanced“距离远的”；loving“忠诚的”；glaring“耀眼的，瞪视的”。句意：我们对Ralph叔叔有一种反射式的疏远式的喜爱，这个无聊的家伙一次性没完没了地讲了很多我们不知道的故事。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Janehas（）wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.

问题1选项

A.deservedly

B.exactly

C.despicably

D.diffusely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。deservedly“理所应当地”；exactly“恰好地”；despicably“可鄙地，卑劣地”；diffusely“广泛地，扩散地”。选项A符合题意，简理所应当赢得大家的尊重。

6.单选题

Loomingoverthedebateabouthumaninterferenceintheworld’sborealforestsisanasyetunanswerablequestion:Willtheeffectsofglobalwarmingeventuallydwarfman’simpact?

问题1选项

A.raisetogreaterimportance

B.makemoredifficulttomeasure

C.causetoappearsmall

D.bringtoanabruptend

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词dwarf意为“（使）变矮；使显得矮小；使无足轻重”；A选项“raisetogreaterimportance”意为“提高重要性”；B选项“makemoredifficulttomeasure”意为“使得……更难以测量”；C选项“causetoappearsmall”意为“使……显得不重要”；D选项“bringtoanabruptend”意为“突然结束、停止”。句意：关于人类对世界寒带森林干预的争论迫在眉睫，这是一个至今无法回答的问题：全球变暖的影响最终会使人类的影响变得无关紧要吗？由题干可知，theeffectsofglobalwarming（全球变暖的影响）和man’simpact（人类的影响）是两组不同的影响，题目意在将全球变暖的影响和人类的影响相比较，是否全球变暖会使得人类的影响变得微不足道。由此可知，dwarf在此处最可能是“使无足轻重”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Whoeverhasskillsandknowledgeinthiscountry,Ibelieve,shouldbeproperlytreatedandrewarded（）hiseducationalbackgroundandfamilyorigin.

问题1选项

A.despiteof

B.regardlessof

C.letalone

D.becauseof

【答案】B

【解析】despiteof尽管；regardlessof不管，不顾；letalone更不用说，听任；becauseof因为，由于。句意：我认为，在这个国家无论谁拥有技术和知识，无论他的教育背景和家庭出身如何，都应该得到适当的对待和奖励。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Thesearesignsthatthepresidencywillattempttoputenvironmentalissuesonhighits（

）.

问题1选项

A.legislation

B.trend

C.mainstream

D.agenda

【答案】D

【解析】legislation立法，法律；trend趋势，倾向；mainstream主流；agenda议程，日程表。句意：这些迹象表明，总统将试图把环境问题提上议程。选项D符合句意。

9.翻译题

这个电压为原来的2/5。

【答案】Thisvoltageistwo-fifthoftheoriginalvoltage.

10.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

问题2选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

问题3选项

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

问题4选项

A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling

B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic

C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely

D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

问题5选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:作者不习惯讨价还价。B:亚洲人买东西总是讲价。C:在老挝，讨价还价是安静而和平的。D:作家准备和那个女人讨价还价。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我决定买一条那样的裙子，我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲，讨价还价是一种习俗)。由此得知，B项和D项正确。第五段还指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老挝，讨价还价是以较低的声音，和一种轻松平静的方式进行的)。因此C项正确。只有A项在原文中找不到线索，故选A。

第2题:细节事实题。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(对于我能够说一些她们国家的语言她感到非常高兴，虽然我说的大部分都是一些数字，但是在她看来我是非常清楚这种轻松愉悦的讨价还价的方式的)。由此可知这位姑娘因作者能够说她们国家的语言和懂得相关的讨价还价的方式而感到高兴。后面接着写到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常开心，以至于让我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出价)。因此C项“感到高兴，因为作者知道她们讨价还价的方法”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开)。故选C项“她想做点什么作为补偿”。

第4题:细节事实题。倒数第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我学会了抗拒困难，不知不觉中，我也学会了不被温柔轻松俘获)。由此可见，作者没哭是因为她已经学会让情绪不轻易受到影响，故选A项“她已经学会了保持冷静”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(对于她的这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了……)。因此作者最后还是哭了是因为当她再次打开包装想看一下这些裙子时才发现这位老挝姑娘送了自己五条长长的丝带，因此C项“她没有控制住自己的情绪”正确。

11.单选题

Itisadvisableto________anelectricwirewithrubberinordertosecuresafety.

问题1选项

A.desolate

B.resolute

C.insolate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。desolate“使荒凉，使孤寂”；resolute“坚决的，刚毅的”；insolate“使暴晒”，insulate“隔离，使绝缘”。句意：为了安全起见，最好在电线涂上橡胶以绝缘。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Theillegalimmigrantswerecaughtand（

）bythelocalgovernment.

问题1选项

A.relegated

B.banished

C.deported

D.expatriated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。relegate“降级”；banish“放逐，驱逐”；deport“驱逐出境，放逐”；expatriate“流放，官方法令强迫离开某国或某地”。句意：这些非法移民被抓了，并且被当地政府驱逐出境。此句指的是驱逐出境，故C项正确。

13.单选题

Nobodylikestaxes.

Nowthat’safairlysafestatementtomake.IknowIdon’t.OneofthereasonsImovedbacktotheUSfromCanada,isthatAmericanspayfarfewertaxesthanCanadiansdo.Infact,itseemstobepartoftheAmericandreamtoavoidpayinganytaxes.Wedon’twanttopaythemontheInternet.Manystatesdon’twanttheircitizenstopaystatetaxes.Andahugefederalincometaxcutwasjustpushedthrough.

Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.Braintreehasaproblem.NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5—thelawthatsaysthetowngovernmentcannotraiseeachyear’staxlevymorethan2.5percentabovethepreviousyear’scharges.Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.WhichmeanthatresidenttaxrateswereamongthelowestintheBostonarea.

Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.Especiallyitsschools.Whileeverybodywaspattinghimselforherselfonthebackforkeepingtaxesdown,school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.Theschooldepartmentwants$100milliontofixtheschools.Millionsmorewillbeneededforroadrepairsandfixingthetown’sworseningwaterandsewerlines.

Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear.Andprobablyforthenextfewyearsaswell.Anddon’tforget,thissituationaffectsmorethanjustthetown’sinfrastructure.Realestatepriceswillsufferaswell.Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?

Thereisalessoninallthis—notpayingenoughtaxisjustasbadaspayingtoomuchtax.TherearesomepeopleintheUSwhopointoutthatalltaxmoneyshouldbegivenbacktoindividuals,notthevariousbranchesofgovernment.It’sourmoney,theycry.Inoneway,agreewiththem,itisourmoney.Butthefacttheyconvenientlyforget—orignore—isthatthemoneythegovernmentkeepsis“our”moneyaswell.That’sbecauseitpaysforOURschools,OURroads,OURmilitary,OURcommunitiesinneedofhelpaftereventslikefloodsorotherdisasters.

1.InwhatwaymightpeopleofBraintreethinkdifferentaboutpayingtaxes?

2.WhatmakestheauthorcometotheconclusionthatpeopleinBraintreepaythelowesttaxratesintheBostonareaisthefactthat________.

3.WhatistheallegedproblemthatfacesBraintreeatpresent?

4.Whentheauthorquotesfromhismotherthat“onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong”(thefourthparagraph),hemeansthat________.

5.Withregardtopayingtaxes,theauthorisactuallysayingthat________.

问题1选项

A.Theythinkthegovernment’staxcutplanisimpracticable.

B.Theythinktheyhavebeenpayingtoomanytaxes.

C.Theythinkthetowngovernmentmisusethetaxestheyhavepaid.

D.Theythinkpayingenoughtaxesisnecessarytokeepingthingsgoing.

问题2选项

A.thetownhasneverchangeditstaxationlawinthelast20years

B.thetownhasbeenafast-developingone

C.thetownhasneverfloatedbondstopayitsdebtinthelast20years

D.manymoreschools,roadsandthelikehavebeenbuiltrecently

问题3选项

A.Nooneiswillingtopayanytaxes.

B.Notenoughattentionispaidtoeducations.

C.Thetownnothaveenoughmoneytoexpanditsinfrastructure.

D.Thetowndoesnotcollectenoughtaxestokeepitselfingoodshape.

问题4选项

A.onehastotastethebitterresultifheisblindtoaproblem

B.keepingeverythingingoodorderistooheavyaburdenforasmalltown

C.oneshouldneverkeepanelephantinhislivingroomforlong

D.smalltownshouldnotlevytooheavyataxagainstpeople’swill

问题5选项

A.payingenoughtaxesisthecitizen’sobligation

B.hedoesnotliketaxesandwouldavoidthemifhecould

C.thegovernmentshouldnotabusethetaxes

D.thegovernmentshouldnotlevytooheavyatax

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.（毫无疑问，仍然有人认为我们纳税太多。但是马萨诸塞州布伦特里人可能想法不同。）和第四段第一、二句Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.（但有一个问题。布伦特里正在分崩离析。），可知布伦特里人不认为他们纳税过多，相反因为纳税过少导致问题出现，D选项“他们认为付足够的税是维持生活的必要条件”正确；B选项“他们认为他们已经纳税太多”不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。A选项“他们认为政府的减税计划行不通”和C选项“他们认为市政府滥用他们缴纳的税款”：文中没有提到政府减税和政府滥用税款，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第三句Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.（他们也没有发行任何债券来偿还债务。），可知C选项“在过去的20年里，这个城镇从未发行过债券来偿还债务”正确。A选项“在过去的20年里，这个城镇从未改变过税法”：根据第三段第四句NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5（在过去的20年里，该镇从未通过无视2.5号提案的决议），没有提到关于纳税的所有法规都没有通过，只是关于其中一项没有改变，属于曲解原文。B选项“这个城镇发展很快”：根据第三段倒数第二句Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.（布伦特里还是一个相当繁华的商业小镇。），但这不等同于小镇发展速度很快，属于曲解原文。D选项“最近修建了更多的学校、道路和类似的东西”：根据第四段第四句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded（学校、道路、桥梁等设施的年久失修，并没有得到应有的关注），可知不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第四、五句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.（学校、道路、桥梁等设施的年久失修，并没有得到应有的关注。但即使人们注意到了，也做不了什么，因为镇上没有足够的钱来支付必要的维修费用。），可知问题的根源在于没有钱，而这是因为征税不足，D选项“这个城镇没有征收足够的税来保持良好发展”正确；不修缮学校不是因为不重视教育，而是缺少资金，B选项“对教育不够重视”属于曲解原文；这里提到的不是扩大基础设施，只是对其进行维修，C选项“这个城镇没有足够的钱来扩大它的基础设施”属于曲解原文。A选项“没有人愿意交税”：根据第五段Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear…Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?（天啊，天啊，今年在布伦特里的人们要交某种税了……谁愿意搬到一个学校破败、道路糟糕、水源问题丛生的小镇？），这里暗指人们愿意交税，不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。

因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第六、七句Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.（就像我妈妈常说的，人们只能忽视客厅里的大象这么久了。现在是时候付钱了。），客厅里的大象是非常明显的现象，指的是纳税不足导致的各种问题，而这个问题如果不解决，迟早有一天会严重到不得不解决的独步，A选项“如果一个人对问题视而不见，就会尝到苦果”正确；C选项“一个人不应该把大象长时间放在客厅里”仅仅解释了字面意思，没有解释内涵，属于偷换概念；这里表达的意思是需要增税，D选项“小镇不应该征收违背人们意愿的重税”属于反向干扰。B选项“对于一个小镇来说，保持一切井井有条负担太沉重”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在第一、二段阐述不想纳税的观点，随后举出布伦特因为纳税不够而导致问题的例子，在最后一段总结征税过多和过少都会导致问题，并且强调政府的钱最后用于公民的生活，A选项“缴纳足够的税款是公民的义务”正确；D选项“不应征税过重”文中有提到，但是不是重点，属于曲解原文。B选项“他不喜欢税收，如果可能，他会尽量避免”：作者在开头提出不喜欢征税的观点是为了吸引读者注意和欲扬先抑，这不是作者想要表达的核心观点，属于反向干扰。C选项“不应滥用税收”：文中没有提到政府滥用税收，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

问题1选项

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介词短语辨析。句意：用来做实验的人完全是随机挑选的。at和random搭配意为“任意地，随便地”，因此A选项为正确答案。

15.单选题

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating；however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleum