考研考博-英语-南昌工程学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌工程学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

His______mannerismsirritatedmanyofuswhohadknownhimbeforehispromotion.

问题1选项

A.aesthetic

B.adverse

C.adroit

D.affected

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项aesthetic表示“美的，美学的，审美的”，B项adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敌对的”，C项adroit表示“敏捷的，灵巧的”，D项affected表示“受到影响的，（人或行为）做作的，假装的”。根据irritatedmanyofus（激怒了我们很多人）可知，“做作的”符合语境。句意：他装模作样的举止激怒了我们中很多在他升职前就认识他的人。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.单选题

Theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytosuccumbtofatigueinstressfuljobs.

问题1选项

A.sustain

B.yield

C.endure

D.expose

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们更好地利用时间，并且在有压力的工作中也不会……疲劳。sustain“维持（生命、生存）”；yield“屈服，投降”；endure“忍耐”；expose“揭露”。根据“fatigueinstressfuljobs”可以推测划线单词的意思是“屈服”，选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Thefounders,aswasthecaseofalmostalltheirsuccessors,werelongonexhortationandrhetoricregardingthevalueofciviceducation,buttheyleftittothetextbookwriterstodistilltheessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren.

问题1选项

A.infuse

B.disseminate

C.extract

D.demonstrate

【答案】C

【解析】划线词的宾语是theessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren，从那些价值观中……本质。A选项infuse“灌输；浸渍”；B选项disseminate“宣传；散步”；C选项extract“提取；提炼”；D选项demonstrate“证明；展示”。联系句意可知“从那些价值观中提取本质”逻辑通顺，因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）consent,itcan（）FERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

问题1选项

A.verify

B.vilify

C.violate

D.vibrate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项verify表示“核实，查证”；B选项vilify表示“诽谤，中伤，轻视”；C选项violate表示“违反，侵犯”；D选项vibrate表示“振动，颤动，摇摆”。由句意可知，如果学校在没有得到学生（或家长）同意的情况下公布学生的姓名和考试成绩，它就违反了联邦法律。因此，violate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。

5.单选题

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

问题2选项

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

问题3选项

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

问题4选项

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

问题5选项

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一个观点是人们的态度决定了他们的行为。所以可推断接下来的例子都是用来进一步证明这个观点。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知认知失调是指个体在两种或两种以上的态度之间或行为与态度之间所感知到的任何不一致。可推断dissonance涉及到不一致的问题。所以告诉孩子用牙线但自己却不用，就体现了这种认知的不一致。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他们会通过改变态度，或者改变行为，或者为这种差异找合理的解释来解决不一致的问题。所以C项“发展合理化的不一致”文章没有提及。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。文章第三段首先提到了人们解决不一致性问题的方法，下文举出了烟草公司高管的例子，可推断作者用实例来进一步说明人们减少不一致性的具体方法。选项B符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回报伴随着高失调，减少不一致的内在张力。所以高回报是可以降低人们减少不一致的欲望。选项A符合题意。同时可排除B选项。根据文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知当态度或行为很重要，或者当他们认为这种不一致是由他们能够控制的事情造成时，个人会更有动力去减少这种不协调。可排除C选项。D选项提到如果人们能使自己的行为合理化，他们就有可能获得更高的回报，在文中并未提及。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.

问题1选项

A.accomplished

B.expired

C.fulfilled

D.terminated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accomplish“完成，实现，达到”；expire“期满；终止”；fulfill“履行，实现，满足”；terminate“终止，结束”。句意：当他的合同被出乎意料地终止时，他极度需要一份新工作。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

问题1选项

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项fundamentally“根本地”；B选项comparatively“相对地”；C选项certainly“无疑地”；D选项insignificantly“无关紧要地”。句意：计算机革命很可能像工业革命一样______改变社会。根据语境，这里指的是计算机革命和工业革命一样对社会的影响重大，A选项fundamentally“根本地”符合题意。题干中提到计算机革命很可能会改变社会，C选项certainly“无疑地”错误。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Appliedscienceis（）discoveringwaystousetheknowledgeoftheoreticalscience.

问题1选项

A.concernedabout

B.combinedwith

C.concernedfor

D.concernedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。beconcernedabout“担心，关心”；becombinedwith“与……联合”；beconcernedfor“为……担忧”；beconcernedwith“涉及，参与，关心”。根据后面“探究理论科学知识的运用方法”可知是appliedscience“应用科学”涉及到的具体内容，因此选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

“John's（）wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”

问题1选项

A.jealousy

B.soreness

C.luck

D.parsimony

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.（他甚至连买个面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相当吝啬。A选项为“嫉妒”；B选项为“悲伤，痛苦”；C选项为“幸运”；D项“吝啬的，过度节俭”，因此，D项是正确答案。

10.单选题

Withtimethememoryfadedinto（

）.

问题1选项

A.nourishment

B.realization

C.longevity

D.oblivion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。nourishment意为“营养，营养品”；realization意为“认识，领会，领悟”；longevity意为“长寿”；oblivion意为“遗忘，昏迷”。

句意：随着时间的流逝，记忆渐渐淡忘了。

11.单选题

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,anoutgoingandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsin（1）solitarydelight.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallingin（2）todiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,I（3）myself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatlieboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkof（4）;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexploredandsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyone（5）canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?The（6）impactgetslost,ordiffused.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,（7）withaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftasteandmood.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweareandtofeelwhatever（8）feelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.When1canwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichto（9）afewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterina（10）position?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

问题1选项

A.very

B.such

C.so

D.much

问题2选项

A.love

B.emotion

C.fancy

D.passion

问题3选项

A.pondered

B.enquired

C.asked

D.thought

问题4选项

A.activity

B.adventure

C.excitement

D.danger

问题5选项

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.they

问题6选项

A.original

B.basic

C.clear

D.lonely

问题7选项

A.although

B.still

C.even

D.but

问题8选项

A.one

B.they

C.us

D.we

问题9选项

A.inscribe

B.compose

C.cut

D.write

问题10选项

A.horizontal

B.vertical

C.painless

D.motionless

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:A

【解析】1.考查逻辑关系。A选项very表示“非常，很；完全”；B选项such表示“这样的，如此的”；C选项so表示“如此，这么；确是如此”；D选项much表示“非常，很”。第一句中出现了unexpectedlyalone，而空格后的solitary（a.孤独的；独居的）再次提及“孤独”，因此空格处应表示“如此的，这样的”。so和such都可表示“如此的，这样的”。so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。二者后面都接单数可数名词，但用法不同。so的用法为：so+adj.+a（an）+n.；such的用法为：such+a（an）+adj.+n.。如果后面接复数名词或不可数名词，则只能用such，故B项符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

2.考查逻辑关系。由第一句中的appointments以及空缺前的great可知这种感觉应宛如“坠入爱河”一般美好，故可构成“fallinlove坠入爱河”的A项正确。B选项emotion表示“情感；情绪”；C选项fancy表示“幻想；想象力；爱好”；D选项passion表示“激情；热情”。

3.考查逻辑关系。根据空缺前“Whathadhebeenafraidof”可知，这是作者反问自己，故C选项ask符合句意。A选项ponder表示“仔细考虑；思考；衡量”；B选项enquire表示“询问；打听；调查”；D选项think表示“想；认为；想起”。

4.考查逻辑关系。A选项activity表示“活动；行动；活跃”；B选项adventure表示“冒险；冒险精祌；投机活动”；C选项excitement表示“兴奋；刺激；令人兴奋的事物”；D选项danger表示“危险；危险物；威胁”。根据空格前havingtakentheplunge（在冒险尝试后）可知，他现在是在冒险，故B选项“冒险”符合句意。

5.考查语法知识。空缺处及之后的canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeye属于空缺前anyone的后置定语从句。因此，空缺处应为可充当定语从句主语的关系代词，故A项who正确。

6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项original表示“最初的；开始的；独创的；新颖的”；B选项basic表示“基本的；基础的”；C选项clear表示“清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；无罪的”；D选项lonely表示“寂寞的；偏僻的”。由上文中的seemstartinglyoriginal以及后文中的Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?可知，如果旁边有别人，我们会急于想知道自己同伴的看法以及自己的观点，因此最初的印象就消失了。故original符合句意，本题正确选项为A项。

7.考查词义辨析。A选项although表示“尽管；虽然；但是；然而”；B选项still表示“仍然；但是；尽管如此”；C选项even表示“甚至；即使”；D选项but表示“但是；然而”。根据句意可知，空缺处后的lover应为空缺前others的进一步说明，故C选项“even”符合语境，因此本题正确答案为C项。

8.考查逻辑关系。And连接两个并列部分，由空缺前“whateverweare”可知，后文应为“whateverwefeel”，故D项we正确。因此，本题正确答案为D项。

9.考查动词词义辨析。A选项inscribe表示“题献；铭记;雕”；B选项compose表示“构成；创作，排版；使平静”；C选项cut表示“切割；剪短；释放”；D选项write表示“书写；写信给；著述”。由空缺后afewpages可知，D选项write符合句意，故本题正确答案为D项。

10.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项horizontal表示“水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的”；B选项vertical表示“垂直的；顶点的；纵向的”；C选项painless表示“无痛的；不痛的”；D选项motionless表示“静止的；不运动的”。由空缺前liedown以及thinkbetter可知，躺着的时候可以更好地思考，故A项horizontal符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

12.单选题

ThenameofFlorenceNightingalelivesinthememoryoftheworldbyvirtueoftheheroicadventureoftheCrimea.Hadshedied—asshenearlydid—uponherreturntoEngland,herreputationwouldhardlyhavebeendifferent；herlegendwouldhavecomedowntousalmostasweknowittoday—thatgentlevisionoffemalevirtuewhichfirsttookshapebeforetheadoringeyesofthesicksoldiersatScutari.Yet,asamatteroffact,shelivedformorethanhalfacenturyaftertheCrimeanWar；andduringthegreaterpartofthatlongperiodalltheenergyandallthedevotionofherextraordinarynaturewereworkingattheirhighestpitch.Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs；butitwascertainlymoreimportant.Thetruehistorywasfarstrangereventhanthemyth.InMissNightingale’sowneyestheadventureoftheCrimeawasamereincident—scarcelymorethanausefulstepping-stoneinhercareer.Itwasthefulcrumwithwhichshehopedtomovetheworld；butitwasonlythefulcrum.Formorethanagenerationshewastositinsecret,workingherlever:andherreallifebeganattheverymomentwhen,inpopularimagination,ithadended.

ShearrivedinEnglandinashatteredstateofhealth.Thehardshipsandtheceaselesseffortsofthelasttwoyearshadunderminedhernervoussystem；herheartwasaffected；shesufferedconstantlyfromfainting-fitsandterribleattacksofutterphysicalprostration.Thedoctorsdeclaredthatonethingalonewouldsaveher—acompleteandprolongedrest.Butthatwasalsotheonethingwithwhichshewouldhavenothingtodo.Shehadneverbeeninthehabitofresting；whyshouldshebeginnow?Now,whenheropportunityhadcomeatlast；now,whentheironwashot,anditwastimetostrike?No；shehadworktodo；and,comewhatmight,shewoulddoit.Thedoctorsprotestedinvain；invainherfamilylamentedandentreated,invainherfriendspointedouttoherthemadnessofsuchacourse.Madness?Mad—possessed—perhapsshewas.Afrenzyhadseizeduponher.Asshelayuponhersofa,gasping,shedevouredblue-books,dictatedletters,and,intheintervalsofherpalpitations,crackedjokes.Formonthsatastretchsheneverleftherbed.Butshewouldnotrest.Atthisrate,thedoctorsassuredher,evenifshedidnotdie,shewouldbecomeaninvalidforlife.Shecouldnothelpthat；therewasworktobedone；and,asforrest,verylikelyshemightrest...whenshehaddoneit.

Wherevershewent,toLondonorinthecountry,inthehillsofDerbyshire,oramongtherhododendronsatEmbley,shewashauntedbyaghost.ItwasthespecterofScutari—thehideousvisionoftheorganizationofamilitaryhospital.Shewouldlaythatphantom,orshewouldperish.ThewholesystemoftheArmyMedicalDepartment,theeducationoftheMedicalOfficer,theregulationsofhospitalprocedure...rest?Howcouldsherestwhilethesethingswereastheywere,while,ifthelikenecessityweretoariseagain,thelikeresultswouldfollow?And,eveninpeaceandathome,whatwasthesanitaryconditionoftheArmy?Themortalityinthebarracks,was,shefound,nearlydoublethemortalityincivillife.“Youmightaswelltake1,100meneveryyearoutuponSalisburyPlainandshootthem，”shesaid.AfterinspectingthehospitalsatChatham,shesmiledgrimly.“Yes，thisisonemoresymptomofthesystemwhich,intheCrimea,puttodeath16,000men.”Scutarihadgivenherknowledge；andithadgivenherpowertoo:herenormousreputationwasatherback—anincalculableforce.Otherwork,otherduties,mightliebeforeher；butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theworkdoneduringthelastfiftyyearsofFlorenceNightingale’slifewas，whencomparedwithherworkintheCrimea,allofthefollowingexcept（）.

2.Paragraph2paintsapictureofawomanwhois（）.

3.TheprimarypurposeofParagraph3isto（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetohismaterialis（）.

5.Inherstatement(Paragraph3,Sentence8)MissNightingaleintendedto（）.

问题1选项

A.lessdramatic

B.lessdemanding

C.lesswell-knowntothepublic

D.moreimportant

问题2选项

A.mentallyshattered

B.stubbornandquerulous

C.physicallyweakbutmentallyindomitable

D.purposefulyettiresome

问题3选项

A.accountforconditionsinthearmy

B.showtheneedforhospitalreform

C.explainMissNightingale’smainconcerns

D.arguethatpeacetimeconditionswereworsethanwartimeconditions

问题4选项

A.disinterestedreportingofbiographicaldetails

B.over-inflationofareputation

C.debunkingamyth

D.interpretationaswellasnarration

问题5选项

A.criticizetheconditionsinhospitals

B.highlighttheunhealthyconditionsunderwhichordinarysoldierswereliving

C.provethatconditionsinthebarrackswereasbadasthoseinamilitaryhospital

D.ridiculethedangersofarmylife

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:南丁格尔女士后五十年的工作，作者认为是费尽心力的，选项Blessdemanding显然是错误的；作者用legend来形容南丁格尔后来在克里米亚的经历，Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknownlaborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanherCrimeantriumphs;butitwascertainlymoreimportant,虽然不那么广为人知，但是却更为重要。选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第二段第二句提到南丁格尔女士的身体状况：underminedhernervoussystem,herheartwasaffected,fainting-fits,physicalprostration，这都说明她的身体是虚弱的，但是她却依然不忘记工作，显然她的精神依然没被击垮，选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章第三段主要讲述了南丁格尔女士对军队医疗条件的担忧，选项C符合题意。

第4题:作者讲述了南丁格尔女士在克里米亚战后的生活，整篇文章都是对主人公的赞美，但并没有吹捧，选项B排除；选项A与C是否定意味，排除，所以选项D符合题意。

第5题:南丁格尔关注的是军队的医疗条件，最后一段最后一句话butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolooktothehealthoftheArmy，她认为最迫切的问题就是去救助军队里的生命，所以选项B符合题意，她是为了指出普通士兵所生活的不卫生的环境。

13.单选题

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif（）_.

2.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis（）.

3.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause（）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained（）_.

问题1选项

A.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

B.itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

C.itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

D.itissharedbytherichandthefamous

问题2选项

A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

B.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

C.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

D.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

问题3选项

A.theythinkofitasimmoral

B.theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

C.ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

D.theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

问题4选项

A.secretlyandvigorously

B.openlyandenthusiastically

C.easilyandmomentarily

D.verballyandspiritually

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.”，可知如果要正确看待雄心壮志，那么它所带来的健康、名望和对自己命运所带来的回报，就必须被认为是值得曾经的付出的。可判断出抱负只有在回报很好地补偿了付出的时候，才得以正确看待。选项A符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselve