考研考博-英语-南昌理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryears----isthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.

【答案】绘画是静态的。在几天或几年时间里反复看一幅画的经历的独特性在于画的内容在变迁中仍然保持不变。当然，由于历史或个人发展,尽管该图像的意义可能会改变,但描述的内容是不变的:一样的奶瓶中流出的一样的牛奶，海面上完全一样的完整的波浪，不变的微笑和笑脸。

人们可能会说，绘画保存了一个瞬间。然而，仔细想想，这显然是不真实的。因为与被拍摄的瞬间不一样，绘画中的瞬间从未存在。因此，不能说一幅画保存了一个瞬间。如果一幅画留住了某个瞬间，那么它就不能保存代替随后瞬间的过去瞬间，就像相片一样。

2.单选题

VIII.InternationalLaw

Beforethefirstsubstantivemeeting,thePanelreceivedanunsolicitedamicuscuriaebrieffromHumaneSocietyInternationalandAmericanUniversity’sWashingtonCollegeofLaw,accompaniedbyaletterdated6May2010.

Atthefirstsubstantivemeeting,theUnitedStatesrequestedthePaneltoreviewandconsiderthesubmissioninitsdeliberations,inlightoftherelevantandusefulinformationitcontainedwhichitbelievedcouldassistthePanelinunderstandingtheissuesinthisdispute.Inaddition,initsresponsestothePanel’squestions,theUnitedStatesreferredtosomeoftheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebriefinsupportofitsarguments.Mexicodidnotcommentonthefilingoftheamicuscuriaebrieforonitscontentatthefirstsubstantivemeeting.

ThePanelsubsequentlyinvitedbothpartiestocommentoncertaininformationpresentedasanexhibittotheamicuscuriaebrief.Initsresponse,Mexicoobservedthatfactualinformationsubmittedthroughanamicuscuriaebriefcouldnotbeproperlytreatedaspartoftherecordofthisdispute.TheUnitedStatesrespondedthat,althoughapanelisnotrequiredtoconsiderinformationsubmittedbyamici,itmayconsidersuchinformationasitseesfit.Inparticular,theUnitedStatesnotedthattheChairmanofthePanelhadinvitedthepartiesandthirdpartiesinthisdisputetoofferviewsinrelationtotheamicuscuriaebrieffiled.

ThePanelinformedthepartiespriortothefirstmeetingthat:“TakingintoaccountthedeterminationsoftheAppellateBodyinUS-Shrimp(WT/DS58/AB/R),thePanelconsidersthatithasthediscretionaryauthorityeithertoacceptandconsiderortorejectinformationandadvicesubmittedtoit,anditwillaccordinglytreatthisbriefasitdeemsappropriate.”

ThePanelthereforeconsidersthatithastheauthoritytoconsidertheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebrief,andhasdonesototheextentthatitdeemeditrelevanttotheexaminationoftheclaimbeforeit.WherethePanelconsideredtheinformationpresentedinandtheevidenceattachedtotheamicuscuriaebriefrelevant,ithassoughttheviewsofthepartiesinaccordancewiththerequirementsofdueprocess.Inaddition,totheextentthatoneofthepartieshascitedtheamicuscuriaebrieforcross-referencedtotheexhibitspresentedwithsuchbriefinitsreasoningorresponsestoquestions,theseelementsformpartofthesubmissionsofthatpartyintheseproceedingsandthePaneldeemsappropriaterefertosuchinformationinitsfindings.

79.Inthe1stsentenceofthe2ndparagraph,thereare3“it(its)”(underlined),thesewords,accordingtothecontext,representthefollowinginorderrespectively.

80.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

81.Itcanbeinferredfromthe4thparagraphthat___.

82.ThePanelwoulddealwiththeamicuscuriaebriefinthefollowingwayexcept___.

问题1选项

A.thePanel,thebrief,theUnitedStates

B.theUnitedStates,thebrief,theUnitedStates

C.thePanel,theUnitedStates,thebrief

D.noneoftheabove

问题2选项

A.TheUSwelcomedtheamicuscuriaebriefandthoughtitwashelpfultothePanel.

B.Mexicoalsowelcomedtheamicuscuriaebriefbutthoughtfactualinformationinthebriefcouldnotbetreatedaspartoftherecordofthedispute.

C.Thepanelinvitedthethirdpartiestosubmittheiropinioninrelationtotheamicuscuriaebrieffiled.

D.ThePanelinformedthepartiesitsattitudetowardsamicuscuriaebriefpriortothefirstmeeting.

问题3选项

A.thePanelconsideredthatithadthediscretionaryauthoritytoacceptamicuscuriaebrief

B.thePanelconsideredthatithadthediscretionaryauthoritytorejectamicuscuriaebrief

C.thePanelconsideredtheAppellateBody’sopinionregardingamicuscuriaebriefinUS-Shrimpcase

D.thePanelwouldtreatthebriefasitdeemedappropriate

问题4选项

A.whenthePaneldeemeditrelevanttotheexaminationoftheclaimbeforeit,thePanelwouldconsidertheinformationcontainedinthebrief

B.thePanelwouldseektheviewsofthepartiesregardingtheinformationpresentedinandtheevidenceattachedtotheamicuscuriaebrief

C.ifonepartycitedtheamicuscuriaebriefinitsreasoning,theseelementswouldformpartofthesubmissionsofthatparty

D.thePanelthoughtitwasinappropriatetorefertosuchinformationinitsfindings

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】79.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干定位到第二段第一句Atthefirstsubstantivemeeting,theUnitedStatesrequestedthePaneltoreviewandconsiderthesubmissioninitsdeliberations,inlightoftherelevantandusefulinformationitcontainedwhichitbelievedcouldassistthePanelinunderstandingtheissuesinthisdispute.（在第一次实质性会议上，美国要求小组审查和审议其审议意见中提交的材料，因为它载有有关和有用的资料，它认为这些资料可以帮助小组了解这一争端中的问题）可知第一个its指代的是thePanel“小组”，第二个it指代的是information“材料”，这里information的出处是第一段所提到的Beforethefirstsubstantivemeeting,thePanelreceivedanunsolicitedamicuscuriaebrieffromHumaneSocietyInternationalandAmericanUniversity’sWashingtonCollegeofLaw,accompaniedbyaletterdated6May2010.（在第一次实质性会议之前，专家组收到了国际人道协会和美国大学华盛顿法学院主动提交的法庭之友简报，并附有2010年5月6日的一封信），可以推断出本处的information实际上就是第一段所说的brief，第三个it指代的是theUnitedStates“美国”，选A选项“小组、摘要、美国”；B选项“美国，摘要，美国”，C选项“小组，美国，摘要”以及D选项“以上都不是”不符合原文，排除。因此A选项符合题意。

80.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段最后一句Mexicodidnotcommentonthefilingoftheamicuscuriaebrieforonitscontentatthefirstsubstantivemeeting.（墨西哥没有就法庭之友摘要的提交或其在第一次实质性会议上的内容发表评论）以及第三段第二句Initsresponse,Mexicoobservedthatfactualinformationsubmittedthroughanamicuscuriaebriefcouldnotbeproperlytreatedaspartoftherecordofthisdispute.（墨西哥在答复中指出，通过法庭之友简报提交的事实资料不能作为这一争端记录的一部分加以适当处理）能够推断出墨西哥认为案情摘要中的事实资料不能作为争端记录的一部分，但是无法推断出墨西哥也欢迎法庭之友的案情摘要，选B选项“墨西哥也欢迎法庭之友的案情摘要，但认为案情摘要中的事实资料不能作为争端记录的一部分”；第二段倒数第二句Inaddition,initsresponsestothePanel’squestions,theUnitedStatesreferredtosomeoftheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebriefinsupportofitsarguments.（此外，在答复小组的问题时，美国提到法庭之友摘要中所载的一些资料，以支持其论点）和第三段第三句TheUnitedStatesrespondedthat,althoughapanelisnotrequiredtoconsiderinformationsubmittedbyamici,itmayconsidersuchinformationasitseesfit.（美国答复说，虽然不要求一个小组审议友盟提交的资料，但它可以审议它认为合适的资料）可知美国支持法庭之友且认为这对小组有帮助，A选项“美国欢迎法庭之友的陈述，认为这对小组有帮助”符合原文，排除；第三段最后一句Inparticular,theUnitedStatesnotedthattheChairmanofthePanelhadinvitedthepartiesandthirdpartiesinthisdisputetoofferviewsinrelationtotheamicuscuriaebrieffiled.（美国特别注意到，专家小组主席已邀请争端各方和第三方就已提交的法庭之友摘要提出意见）可知C选项“专家组邀请第三方就已提交的法庭之友摘要提交他们的意见”符合原文，排除；第四段ThePanelinformedthepartiespriortothefirstmeetingthat:“…thePanelconsidersthatithasthediscretionaryauthorityeithertoacceptandconsiderortorejectinformationandadvicesubmittedtoit…”（专家组在第一次会议之前通知当事各方：“……专家组认为，它有权酌情接受和考虑或拒绝提交给它的信息和意见……”）可知D选项“小组在第一次会议之前告知各方其对法庭之友简报的态度”符合原文，排除。因此B选项符合题意。

81.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第四段ThePanelinformedthepartiespriortothefirstmeetingthat:“TakingintoaccountthedeterminationsoftheAppellateBodyinUS-Shrimp(WT/DS58/AB/R),thePanelconsidersthatithasthediscretionaryauthorityeithertoacceptandconsiderortorejectinformationandadvicesubmittedtoit,anditwillaccordinglytreatthisbriefasitdeemsappropriate.”（小组在第一次会议前通知当事各方：“考虑到上诉机构对US-Shrimp案的裁决，专家组认为它有权接受和考虑或拒绝提交给它的信息和建议，因此，它将以它认为适当的方式对待这份摘要。”）可推断出小组将会以合适的方式考虑和处理案件摘要，选D选项“小组将酌情处理案情摘要”；A选项“小组认为它有接受法庭之友摘要的酌处权”，B选项“小组认为它有拒绝法庭之友摘要的酌处权”以及C选项“专家组考虑了上诉机构对US-Shrimp案法庭之友摘要的意见”都是第四段的片面内容，排除。因此D选项符合题意。

82.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句Inaddition,totheextentthatoneofthepartieshascitedtheamicuscuriaebrieforcross-referencedtotheexhibitspresentedwithsuchbriefinitsreasoningorresponsestoquestions,theseelementsformpartofthesubmissionsofthatpartyintheseproceedingsandthePaneldeemsappropriaterefertosuchinformationinitsfindings.（此外，如果一方援引法庭之友在其推理或答复问题时所提交的展品的简要说明或交叉引用，这些要素构成该缔约方在这些诉讼中提交的材料的一部分，小组认为适当时在其调查结果中提及这些资料）可知小组认为在适当的时候可以提及这些资料，D选项“小组认为在其调查结果中提及这类资料是不适当的”和原文相反，符合题意，同时可知C选项“如果一方当事人在其推理中援引法庭之友的案情摘要，这些要素将构成该方陈述书的一部分”符合原文，不符合题意，排除；最后一段第一句ThePanelthereforeconsidersthatithastheauthoritytoconsidertheinformationcontainedintheamicuscuriaebrief,andhasdonesototheextentthatitdeemeditrelevanttotheexaminationoftheclaimbeforeit.（因此，小组认为它有权审议法庭之友摘要中所载的资料，并已在它认为与审查其面前的索赔有关的范围内这样做了）可知A选项“当专员小组认为该资料与审查其面前的申索有关时，专员小组将考虑摘要所载的资料”符合原文，不符合题意，排除；最后一段第二句WherethePanelconsideredtheinformationpresentedinandtheevidenceattachedtotheamicuscuriaebriefrelevant,ithassoughttheviewsofthepartiesinaccordancewiththerequirementsofdueprocess.（在专家组认为法庭之友案情摘要中提供的资料和附在其上的证据相关的情况下，它已按照正当程序的要求征求各方的意见）可知B选项“小组将就法庭之友摘要中所提供的资料和所附的证据征求当事各方的意见”符合原文，不符合题意，排除。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight（

）whatshehadbeenexpecting.

问题1选项

A.exceed

B.exclaim

C.excess

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exceed“超过，胜过”；exclaim“大声说出”；excess“超过”，名词；extend“延伸，扩大”。

句意：她在研究中的收获可能超过她的预期。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Hegaveusan（）consenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.implicit

C.impartial

D.extravagant

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸张的；implicit含蓄的,暗示的；impartial公正的；extravagant奢侈的,浪费的。句意：他默许我们拿走苹果,因为当他看到我们这样做时,他笑了。选项B符合句意。

5.翻译题

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作为一种时尚的休闲活动，为越来越多的人所喜爱。经济的迅猛发展、生活水平的提高，以及政府对旅游业的支持使得旅游在中国越来越流行。旅游已逐步成为人们日常生活必不可少的部分。每逢假期，大批的中国游客就会涌入世界各地的景点。旅游时人们可以开阔视野，增长知识，欣赏大自然的美丽风光，最终得以放松身心。

6.单选题

Forprofessionalathletes,（）totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybook.

问题1选项

A.access

B.attachment

C.appeal

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。access“通道，进入，机会”；attachment“附件，依恋”；appeal“呼吁，恳求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：对于专业的运动员来说，有机会进去奥林匹克意味着他们有机会进去历史书。A项符合题意。

7.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspaceandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationsliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutfromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentrerofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalfpastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehindtheyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthosehealthymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinionthefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

问题1选项

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

问题2选项

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

问题3选项

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

问题4选项

A.Original.

B.Quiet.

C.Arrogant.

D.Insensitive.

问题5选项

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.No,hewillnotdoso

C.Itisdifficulttotell

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第一段:Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity(我是众多城市人中的一员，如果要做选择的话，我们宁愿住在远离大城市的尘土和噪音的乡村)。说明作者是在城里工作。

2.细节题。定位至第二段。Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappear,peopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother,由此推测B项(lackofcommunication)是原因之一。Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks，noisy,dirtyandimpersonal,,Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats,由此推测C项(housingconditions)也是原因之一。Children,，coopedupathomeallday，，theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld，由此推测D项(asenseofisolation)也是原因之一。故选A。

3.推断题。第三段指出:Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown(住在一个小村庄里，购物是一个大问题，即使只是稍微特别的物品，人们也必须到附近大城镇去买),由此推测在乡村不容易买到的东西应是designerclothes。

4.推断题。第四段说:Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangesandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.’即他们一般还是比较敏感的...他们也把某些改变强加给当地农村居民。故选C项Arrogant（骄横的）比较合适。

5.推断题。最后一段:I’mkeenontheidea...No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening,作者说他一点也不确定他的猫会接受新鲜空气，在长草中锻炼,并且在后面用猫来作了否定的答复。由此推测作者不会去农村生活。

8.单选题

Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.

问题1选项

A.reward

B.insurance

C.interest

D.feedback

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward“报酬”；insurance“津贴”；interest“兴趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反馈”。句意：如果有人能够给你出主意，并给你反馈，那么研究起来就容易多了。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Sexandviolenceontelevisionarecalled（

）bypeoplewhofeelthattheyservenopurposeotherthantoimproveratings.

问题1选项

A.gratified

B.gratuity

C.ingratiating

D.gratuitous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gratified“称心的”；B选项gratuity“赏钱；小费”，名词；C选项ingratiating“讨好的；逢迎的”；D选项gratuitous“无理由的；无端的”。句意：电视上的性和暴力被认为它们除了提高收视率没有任何作用的人称之为……。C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸铵),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

问题2选项

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

问题3选项

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

问题4选项

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

问题5选项

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.客观细节题。由D选项关键词“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（然而，坐飞机和在化工行业工作相比怎么样呢？不幸的是，前者的风险是后者的65倍！），说明在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。因此D选项“在化工行业工作比坐飞机更安全。”正确。A选项“在办公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B选项“乘公共交通工具去上班比在办公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在办公室工作的风险是相同的，没有谁比谁更安全，所以A，B错误。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome（化工行业工人的事故率比几乎任何人类活动都要低，几乎和待在家里一样安全），说明化工行业和待在家里一样安全，所以C选项“待在家里比在化工行业工作更安全”错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.（化工行业的问题是，一旦出现问题，往往会导致附近居民死亡。这也使得化学事故具有新闻价值。），说明新闻报道化学事故是因为它们会导致人员死亡。因此B选项“它们经常造成生命损失”正确。A选项“它们非常罕见”，C选项“它们总是发生在大城市”，D选项“它们引起了所有读者的兴趣”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明由管理失误造成的化学事故发生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B选项“弗利克斯伯勒”正确。A选项“得克萨斯城”，C选项“塞维索”和D选项“墨西哥城”的事故不是因为管理失误，所以A，C，D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.（因此，得克萨斯城的爆炸是由数吨硝酸铵引起的，大量储存硝酸铵是不安全的。），说明硝酸铵不能大量储存，另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.（得克萨斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）说明造成得克萨斯城爆炸事故的硝酸铵是一种肥料。因此B选项“不能大量储存的化学肥料”正确。A选项“天然气，很容易着火”是墨西哥城火灾事故的原因，C选项“有毒物质，不能在人满为患地区使用”，由文章可知塞维索的事故是毒气造成的，D选项“燃料，它被储存在大的油箱里”在文中没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由A选项关键词“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火灾是管理层的失误造成的，因为他们冒着风险在重要维修期间继续生产。），说明维修设备很重要，不能冒着风险在维修设备时继续生产。因此A选项“为了避免事故，我们不应该维修化工设施”错误。由B选项关键词“localauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.（塞维索事故表明，如果地方当局对其家门口的危险缺乏了解，将会发生什么。当毒气飘过城镇上空时，当地领导无法采取有效行动。），说明地方当局需要了解当地化工生产的情况。因此B选项“地方当局不应关心化学工业的生产”错误。由D选项关键词“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒数第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.（大火引起储存罐爆炸的连锁反应。），说明储存罐里的天然气也会发生气体爆炸的事故。因此D选项“储存在大型储罐中的天然气总是安全的”错误。第四段列举了各种原因引发的事故，同时也相对应采取的措施，因此C选项“如果采取有效措施，所有这些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正确。

11.单选题

Thewealthofacountryshouldbe（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeoplemeasuredaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardwith

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项inlinewith“跟……一致，符合”；B选项intermsof“根据”；C选项inregardof“关于……，至于……”；D选项bymeansof“用，依靠”。根据measured（判断）可知B选项符合语境。句意：衡量一个国家的财富要根据它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物质产品。

12.问答题

Manyoftoday'syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimensiontotheiractions.Thereareanumberofreasonswhythat'strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschewsteachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.Thatfailedapproach,called"decision-making",wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.Ittellschildrent