考研考博-英语-吉林工程技术师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林工程技术师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Fumesfromtheexhaustofanautomobileare______.

问题1选项

A.notorious

B.anxious

C.noxious

D.delicious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项notorious“声名狼藉的、臭名昭著的”；B项anxious“焦虑的”；C项noxious“有害的、有毒的”；D项delicious“美味的”；句意：汽车排气管排出的烟雾是有害的。因此该题C项正确。

2.单选题

“Letmesendyouourbrochure”isprobablythemostcommonlyusedphraseinbusiness.Butalltoooften,itcanspelltheendofacustomerenquirybecausemanybrochuresappeartobeproducednottoclarifyandtoexcitebuttoconfuse.Sowhatgoeswrongandhowcanitbeputright?Toooften,businessesfailtoaskthemselvescriticalquestionslike,“Whowillthebrochurebesentto?”“Whatdowewanttoachievewithit?”Thetruthisthatabrochurehasusuallybeenproducedfornootherreasonthanthatthecompetitionhasone.

However,withalittleresearch,itoftentranspiresthatwhattheclientwantsisamixture:partmailshot,partglossycorporatebrochureandpartproductcatalogue—acombinationrarelyfound.Havingsaidthat,thebudgetislikelytobefinite.Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytomeetallthreemarketingneeds,sothefirsttaskistoplanthebrochure,takingintoaccountthemostsignificantofthese.Theotherrequirementswillhavetobemetinadifferentway.Afterall,introducingthecompany’sproductrangetonewcustomersbymailisadifferenttaskfromsellinganewseason’scollectiontoexistingcustomers.

Thesecondtaskistogetthecontentright.In95percentofcases,acompanywillhireadesignertooverseethelayout,sothefinalproductlooksstylish,interestingandprofessional;buttheydon’tgetacopywriterorsomeonewiththerightexpertisetoproducethetext,oratleasttidyitup—andthisshows.Abiggerfailingistoproduceabrochurethatisnotcustomerfocused.Yourbrochureshouldcoverareasofinteresttothecustomer,concentratingonthebenefitsofbuyingfromyou.

Instead,thousandsofbrochuresstartwithahistorylesson,“Foundedin1987,wehavebeensellingourproducts...”Icanassureyouthatcustomersarenevergoingtosaytothemselves,“They’vebeenaroundfor20years—I’llbuyfromthem.”It’snothowlongyou’vebeeninbusinessthatcounts,it’swhatyou’vedoneinthattime.Theimportantpointtogetacrossatthebeginningisthatyouhaveagoodtrackrecord.Oncethishasbeenestablished,therestofthebrochureshouldaimtoconvincecustomersthatyourproductsarethebestonthemarket.

Itishelpfulwithcontenttogetinsidethecustomer’shead.Ifyouraudienceisyoungandtrendy,becreativeandcolourful.Asalways,createalistofthebenefitsthatpotentialcustomerswouldgainfromdoingbusinesswithyou,forexample,productquality,breadthofrange,expertiseofstaffandsoon.Butrememberthatitisnotenoughjusttostatethese:inordertopersuade,theyneedtobespeltout.Onepossibilityistoquoterecommendationsfromexistingcustomers.Thisalsomakesthebrochurepersonaltoyou,ratherthanitsimplybeingasetofsuppliers’photographswithyournameonthefront.Atthedesignstage,therearemanyproductionfeaturesthatcandistinguishyourbrochurefromtherunofthemill.Youmaythinkthatthingslikecutoutsorpop-upswilldothisforyouandthusmakeyoustandout,oryoumaythinktheyjustlooklikedesignerwhimsthataddcost.Gothroughalltheoptionsindetail.Oneofthemmightbethatall-importantmagicalingredient.

11.Whatpointdoesthewritermakeaboutbrochuresinthefirstparagraph?

12.Thewriter’sadvicetocompaniesinthesecondparagraphisto（）.

13.Inthethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingdoesthewritersaywouldimprovethemajorityofbrochures?

14.Intheintroductiontoabrochure,thewriteradvisescompaniestofocuson（）.

15.Whendiscussingbrochurecontentinthefifthparagraph,thewriterremindscompaniesto（）.

问题1选项

A.Customerexpectationsofthemaretoohigh.

B.Theyoughttobemorestraightforwardindesign

C.Insufficientthoughttendstogointoproducingthem.

D.Companiesshouldensuretheyusethemmorewidely.

问题2选项

A.produceabrochuretoadvertisenewproductlines

B.useabrochuretoextendthecustomerbase

C.acceptthatabrochurecannotfulfileveryobjective

D.aimtogetabiggerbudgetallocationforproducingbrochures

问题3选项

A.betterlanguageandexpression.

B.betteroverallappearance.

C.moreup-to-datecontent.

D.moreproductinformation.

问题4选项

A.theirunderstandingofthebusinessenvironment

B.therangeofproductstheyoffer

C.theiruniquemarketposition

D.thereputationtheyhavebuiltup

问题5选项

A.consideroldcustomersaswellasnewones

B.providesupportfortheclaimstheymake

C.avoidusingtheirownphotographs

D.includedetailsofqualitycertification

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】11.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第一段后半部分Toooften,businessesfailtoaskthemselvescriticalquestions...（企业往往没有问自己一些关键性的问题……）从这段话可以看出，作者认为企业在设计广告手册时的考虑是不周全的，没有进行深入思考。因此C选项“设计他们时考虑得并不充分”正确。A选项“顾客对他们的期望太高了”不对，没有提到客户的期望，只是说广告手册可能会把客户弄糊涂。B选项“它们在设计上应该更加直接”也不对，第一段并没有提到设计的问题。D选项“公司应该确保他们更广泛地使用它们”在原文中也没有提到。

12.判断推理题。根据题干关键词可以定位到第二段Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytomeetallthreemarketingneeds,sothefirsttaskistoplanthebrochure,takingintoaccountthemostsignificantofthese.（可能没有足够的资金来满足所有这三个营销需求，所以第一项任务是规划宣传册，考虑到最重要的这些。）也就是说他们不可能满足所有的市场需要，所以优先考虑最关键的部分，其他的需要用另外的方式来满足。因此C选项“接受一个广告手册不可能满足所有目标的事实”正确。A选项“制作宣传册宣传新产品系列”；B选项“使用宣传册来扩大客户基础”以及D选项“争取获得更大的预算拨款用于制作小册子”都不是原文的观点。

13.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第三段In95percentofcases,acompanywillhireadesignertooverseethelayout,sothefinalproductlooksstylish,interestingandprofessional;buttheydon’tgetacopywriterorsomeonewiththerightexpertisetoproducethetext（在95%的情况下，公司会聘请一名设计师来监督布局，使最终产品看起来时尚、有趣和专业），也就是说作者认为他们只注重设计而不注重表述内容，应该找一个有相关技能的广告文字撰稿人来制作文字，因此A选项“更好的语言和表达”是最符合的。B选项“更好的整体外观”，作者说了外观是精心设计的，因此很时尚；C选项“更多最新的内容”，是否是最新内容文章并未提及；D选项“更多的产品信息”是过度推断。

14.根据题干关键词定位到第四段Theimportantpointtogetacrossatthebeginningisthatyouhaveagoodtrackrecord.（最重要的一点是在开始的时候你要有一个良好的业绩记录。）也就是说要有好口碑，因此D选项“他们建立的声誉”，是原文的转述项，正确。A选项“他们对商业环境的理解”；B选项“他们提供的产品范围”以及C选项“他们独特的市场地位”，都没有提到。

15.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段Butrememberthatitisnotenoughjusttostatethese:inordertopersuade,theyneedtobespeltout.（但请记住，仅仅陈述这些是不够的：为了说服别人，需要把它们说清楚。）也就是说仅仅声明是不够的他们需要被详细说明。因此B选项“为他们的主张提供支持”正确。A选项“既考虑新客户，也考虑老客户”没有提到；C选项“避免使用自己的照片”不对，不是说避免使用他们的照片，而是说不能仅仅只呈上他们的照片，还要有别的东西，比如客户的建议；D选项“包括质量认证的细节”也没有提到。

3.单选题

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

问题1选项

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fade“褪色，凋谢，逐渐消失”；B选项illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；C选项confine“限制，禁闭”；D选项concern“关系到，涉及”。句意：在他65岁时，童年的所有记忆都从他的脑海中消失了。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Thecrowd（）intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

问题1选项

A.outgrew

B.overthrew

C.overpassed

D.overflew

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项outgrew“过大而不适于，出生，长大成熟而不再”；B选项overthrew“扔出，抛出”；C选项overpassed“通过，度过”；D选项overflew“（尤指液体）溢出，（容器）满得溢出，挤满人了，淹没”。句意：人群（）了大厅，有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大厅”，因此D选项符合题意。

5.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

问题1选项

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

问题2选项

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

问题3选项

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

问题4选项

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一个阶段，每个问题的各方都援引了《法治》，最终以大法官史蒂文斯在布什诉戈尔案中提出的著名异议告终），结合法律知识，此处的异议是指案外人对执行标的提出不同的意见，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数人的意见，A选项“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数法官的意见”和原文不符，同时可知D选项“辩论的每一阶段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（许多读者会记得2000年佛罗里达选举失败时的情形……）可知2000年正在进行总统选举，B选项“2000年是总统选举举行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（尽管我们可能永远无法完全确定今年总统选举的赢家是谁，但输家的身份是非常清楚的。这是国家对法官作为法治公正监护人的信任）可知C选项“法官们知道谁是选举中的失败者”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.（干涉法庭、在没有法律依据的情况下监禁某人、在没有正当程序保障的情况下拘留人、为党派利益操纵宪法——所有这些都被视为对法治的滥用）可知A选项“让法院决定总统选举的最终结果”，B选项“在没有任何正当程序保障的情况下逮捕某人”，D选项“未经法庭审判就把某人关进监狱”属于对《法治》的滥用，A选项属于为党派利益操纵宪法，法院不能直接决定总统选举的结果。C选项“针对特定案件向法院下达命令的政府机构”不属于原文所提到的对《法治》的滥用。因此C选项正确。

53.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.（我还认为，我们对《法治》的理解不仅应强调既定的、确定的规则的价值和它们使之成为可能的可预测性，而且还应强调法律实践的程序和辩论方面的重要性）可知作者认为对《法治》的理解还应该强调实体和程序两个方面，选B选项“对法治的理解应该强调实体和程序两个方面”，同时可知D选项“法律是既定的，确定的规则”不符合原文，原文只是说不仅应该强调既定的，确定的规则，不能过度推测出法律是既定的，确定的规则；A选项“学者们对法治的理解是正确的”和C选项“当人们试图解释什么是法律时，他们谈论的是法治”第三段未涉及，排除。因此B选项正确。

54.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第四段ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.（当我们至少部分地从程序性和辩论性的主题来理解《法治》时，要比单纯地从确定性和可预见性来理解法治时，更容易理解法治与法律概念之间的联系）可知选A选项“人们应该至少从程序和辩论主题的角度看《法治》”，同时可知B选项“法治应该纯粹从确定性和可预见性的角度来看待”和原文相悖，以及C选项“更容易把握法治与法律概念之间的联系”不完整；第四段andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.（而对法律制度的理解，既强调法庭上的辩论，也强调规则的存在和承认，为更丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础）可知同时强调法庭上的辩论和规则的存在能帮助对法律制度的理解，而对法律制度的理解为了丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础，D选项“将法律理解为规则和法庭上使用的规则有助于理解《法治》”和原文有偏差，排除。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe（）betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.

问题1选项

A.profile

B.mighty

C.analogy

D.leakage

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。C项analogy（类似，相似）符合句意。

7.翻译题

今诸生学于太学(theImperialCollege)，县官(theroyalcourt)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(DirectorsofStudies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5分)

人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实的世界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底，使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)

目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)

刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢，更具有分析性的。但这种方法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）

【答案】NowadaysmanystudentspursueaneducationintheImperialCollege,theywouldn’tneedtoworryaboutstarvationandcoldnessastheroyalcourtwouldofferthemeverydayfoodforfreeandparentsyourseasonalclothes.Withoutgoingoutside,theyjustsitinthecomfortableroomandreadtheclassicpoemsandhistoricalbooks.WithDirectorsofStudiesandMr.Knowledgebeingtheirteachers,alloftheirquestionsandinquirieswillbesolved.TheCollegehassuchasufficientcollectionofbooksthattheyneedn’tmakehandwrittencopiesafterborrowingbooksfromotherslikeIdidbefore.Iftheymakenoachievementintheirstudyandfailtobeapersonofhighvirtue,itdoesn’tresultfromtheirlearningabilitybuttheirlessdevotion.Itistheirownfault.

Peoplefightfordreamsjustthesameasforwealth.Dreamscomeintotherealityworldfromafantasyone,andbecomeakindofrealforceinourlives.Nomatterhowpuzzlingtheymayseem,dreamshideinourinnerheartssothatwecouldeverfindnopeaceinourmindsuntiltheybecomereality.Likeseedsdeepunderground,dreamssproutandgrowtofindthesun.

Itisthebesttimenowtostudyonhumansimilaritiesincross-cultureandmulti-cultureaspects.Nomoredifferences.Emphasizingthedifferenceskeepsusawayfromeachotherandsuspectseachotherforalongtime.Deepeningourdivergenceswouldresultin,tosomeextremes,ourdoubtstoeverybody,andmakeourhumannaturelost,wemightendupwithcruelkillingamongus.

Ratherthanbeingquickandofgreatinsight,theforensicscientists'workremainsslowandanalytic.Thehighqualityandcarefulnessofthismethod,however,couldbeshownonthefollowingfacts.Onlyafewcaseswouldactuallycometotrial.Thedefendantsareoftenconvincedbytheforensicevidencepresentedinthepre-trials,whicharescientificandimportantenoughtoestablishtheirguilt,andcommittocrimesbeforetrials.admittheircrimesbeforetrials.

8.单选题

Thestudentsareallfrom（

）countries,suchasSingapore,India,KoreanandJapan.

问题1选项

A.developing

B.oriental

C.island

D.Christian

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。developing“发展中的”；oriental“东方的；东方人的”；island“岛的”；Christian“基督教的；信基督教的”。句意：这些学生都来自东方国家，比如新加坡、印度、韩国、还有日本。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Japanisa（）societyofonenationalityandafewunderrepresentedminoritygroups，suchastheethnicChineseandKoreans.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

C.homogenous

D.instantaneous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：日本是一个（）单民族社会，由一个民族和一些代表性不足的像中国人和韩国人这样的少数群体组成。spontaneous自发的；simultaneous同时存在的；homogenous同源的，纯系的；instantaneous瞬间的。C选项homogenous符合句意。

10.单选题

Thereare（

）periodsinanimal’slifewhenitiscapableoflearningagreatdealinaveryshorttime.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.violent

C.serious

D.critical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。urgent意为“急迫的”；violent意为“暴力的，猛烈的”；serious意为“严重的，严肃的”；critical意为“批评的，爱挑剔的”。

句意：动物的一生当中总会有一段暴力阶段，那段时间它可以在短期内学习很多的东西。

11.单选题

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

问题1选项

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Therecentdebateonacidrainisagainsettingenvironmentalistheadtoheadagainstindustry.Butthistime,acuriousphilosophyhasemergedinWashingtonthatsaysthemoreweknowaboutaproblem,themoreuncertaintyisintroducedandthemoreitneedstobestudied.Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.

Researchersgenerallyagreethatacidrainarisesprimarilyfromtheburningofcoalandoil.Theemissionscontainoxidesofnitrogenandsulfur,whichcanbecarriedhundredsofmilesontheprevailingwesterlywinds.Theyeventuallyreturntoearthasdrygasesandparticulatesandreactwithgroundwaterstoformnitricorsulfuricacid.Theymayalsobeconvertedtotheacidsintheatmospherebychemicalprocessesthatarestillnotfullyunderstood.

However,theacidsareformed,theyhavealreadybeenchargedwithasubstantiallistofdamages.Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.Otherformsofdamagearefarmoreinsidiousandlonger-lasting.Thereisevidence,forexample,thattheacidsleachheavymetals—aluminum,lead,andmercury—fromthesoil,whichthenpoisonplantrootsanddeprivethemofvitalnutrients.Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.

Theeffectsofacidrainaremoresevereintheeasternpartofthecountryfortworeasons.First,mostcoalburningoccursinOhio,Illinois,andIndiana,accordingtoEvilleGorham,professorofecologyandbotanyattheUniversityofMinnesotaandamodernpioneerinthestudyofacidrain.ThesestatesproduceaboutaquarterofallU.S.oxideemissions,hetoldthisyear’sAmericanChemicalSocietymeetinginLasVegasandtheairborneparticulatestendtowindupintheNortheast.

ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.Together,thesefactorsexplainwhatGorhamcallsa“poolofacidairpollution”overtheNortheastthatisstronglysuspectedofhavingkilledorinjuredaquaticlifeinmorethan200lakesinNewYork’sAdirondackregion.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acidrain（

）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthat

（

）.

3.ThedamagingeffectsofacidrainarefeltlessintheWestbecause

（

）.

4.TheLEASTseriousproblemcausedbyacidrainisthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.leadstobirthdefectsinfish

B.ishallucinogenic

C.travelsinawesterlydirection

D.addsmineralstothesoil

问题2选项

A.legislatorsarephilosophical

B.bureaucratsseeminglypreferdiscussiontoaction

C.awarenessofaproblemisfutile

D.acidrainisadebatablephenomenon

问题3选项

A.elementsinwesternsoilneutralizetheacid

B.thewesternstatesproduceone-fourthofallAmericanemissionsofsulfuroxides

C.theAdirondackregionisinupstateNewYork

D.easternsoilisrichinmagnesium

问题4选项

A.leachingofheavymetalsfromthesoil

B.alterationofbloodchemistryinfish

C.poisoningofplantroots

D.corrosionofmetalstructures

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第三段中Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.在湖泊和河流中，这种酸会改变鱼类的血液化学成分。与此同时，这些金属对某些物种的鳃系统造成了不可逆转的损害，如鲈鱼和海参。随着毒素浓度的增加，卵孵化减少，畸形胚胎的数量增加。”可知A项正确。

2.判断推理题。定位到第一段中“Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.因此，我们比以往任何时候知道更多关于酸雨及其影响，这似乎是一个前所未有的监管解决方案。”可知C项正确。

3.判断推理题。定位最后一段中“ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.第二个原因是北美土壤的化学组成不同，西方土壤相对丰富的镁和钙碳酸盐中和化合物，但东部粗糙、浅层土壤的这种缓冲能力要小得多。”可知A项西部土壤中的元素中和了这种酸正确。

4.细节事实题。定位到第三段中“Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.（酸雨）对金属结构的腐蚀在该国（美国）迎风的地区是显而易见的，不过该腐蚀所带来的损害在酸雨所带来的损害名单上却是相对较小的。”可知D项正确。

13.单选题

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

问题1选项

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notsucha

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】句意:土地属于城市所有；根本没有私有土地所有权这一说。

考查固定搭配。nosuchthingas没有…的事。

14.单选题

Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%

discount.

问题1选项

A.exceeding

B.reducing

C.proceeding

D.promoting

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.exceeding超过（数量）B.reducing减少

C.proceeding开始；继续做D.promoting促进；提升

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：对所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。分号后面的折扣更大，应该指如果是更多美元的订单，我们给出的折扣更多。应该选A.exceeding超过，表示更多。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。超过2000美元的订单须加2%的折扣。

15.单选题

Lateralthinking(thinkinginaroundaboutway),firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward'sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBononamewassofamous,Caspar’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit，”Edwardadmits.

NowCasparisatOxford,whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenhewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,"usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowrit