考研考博-英语-吕梁学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吕梁学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Nowresearchersaredirectingmoreattentiontothesocialandculturalimpetusthatpropelleduniversitygraduatesintocareersinmanagement.

问题1选项

A.implication

B.propaganda

C.impulse

D.benefit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今研究人员正将更多的注意力转向推动大学毕业生进入管理行业的社会和文化……。implication“含义，暗示”；propaganda“宣传”；impulse“推动力，刺激”；benefit“好处，利益”。根据“propel”（推进；推动）可推测划线单词的意思是“推动力”，选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Kenlovestoarguejustforthesakeofarguing.Withsucha______personality,he’ssuretobeatriallawyer.

问题1选项

A.disputatious

B.captious

C.belligerent

D.malicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项disputatious“爱争辩的”，B项captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，C项belligerent“交战的，好战的”，D项malicious“恶意的，恶毒的”。根据前半句的意思“Ken喜欢为了争论而争论”可知，A项符合。句意：Ken喜欢为了争论而争论；有这样一个好争辩的性格，他一定会成为一名辩护律师。因此，该题选择A项。

3.单选题

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere（

）bythenoisefromthenextroom.

问题1选项

A.displaced

B.distracted

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。displace“取代”；distract“分心”；disperse“分散，传播”；discard“丢弃”。句意：尽管我们尽力将精力集中在讲座上，但注意力还是被隔壁房间的噪声给分散了。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Automaticfirealarms,（）smokedetector,areinstalledinalmostallpublicbuildings.

问题1选项

A.suchastheubiquitous

B.soubiquitous

C.theubiquitous

D.soastheubiquitous

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。C选项缺少连词，排除C。A选项suchas“比如”；B选项so“所以”；D选项soas“为了”。句意：几乎所有的公共建筑都安装了自动火灾报警器，如无处不在的烟雾探测器。因此A选项正确。

5.写作题

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.

1.China’sOpportunitiesandChallengeswiththeComingofGlobalization.

2.SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingdamagedbyhuman,activity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

【答案】略

6.单选题

Asisknowntoall,therailservicenowoperateswithoutasumofmoneygrantedbythegovernmentforassistance.

问题1选项

A.bonus

B.yield

C.pension

D.subsidy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。bonus奖金；yield收益：pension养老金；subsidy补贴，津贴，补助金。句意：众所周知，铁路服务并没有获得政府提供的一笔援助金。故D项正确。

7.单选题

Havingpublishedmorethanadozenpapersinsomefirst-ratejournals,sheisheldinhigh（）byhercolleagues.

问题1选项

A.esteem

B.evaluation

C.estate

D.ego

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。esteem尊重,尊敬;evaluation评价;estate财产;ego自负。句意：她在一些一流的刊物上发表了十多篇论文,深受同事们的尊敬。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

问题1选项

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

问题3选项

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

问题4选项

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

问题5选项

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.（男人在外面工作，挣的钱养家，而女人做饭，照顾家里和孩子。这些角色对大多数人来说是固定不变的，妇女没有机会交换她们的角色）可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。

2.主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。

A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。

9.不定项选择题

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;othersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshavedensity-dependentgrowthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshavedensity-independentgrowthparameters,withvitalratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronething,nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,death,andmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthesignalecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproducenoiseinthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedtobe______.

3.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsEXCEPT______.

4.Thediscussionconcerningpopulationinthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto______.

5.Inthetext,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

问题1选项

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizeandsuggestingwaystotestit

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswer

问题2选项

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations

B.instrumental,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena

问题3选项

A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear

B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers

C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather

D.uncheckedincreasesinnumbersovermanygenerations

问题4选项

A.demonstratethedifficultiesecologistsfaceinstudyingdensity-dependentfactorslimitingpopulationgrowth

B.advocatemorerigorousstudyofdensity-dependentfactorsinpopulationgrowth

C.provethatthedeathratesofanypopulationareneverentirelydensity-independent

D.underlinetheimportanceofevensmalldensity-dependentfactorsinregulatinglong-termpopulationdensities

问题5选项

A.citetheviewsofotherbiologists

B.defineabasicproblemthatthetextaddresses

C.presentconceptualcategoriesusedbyotherbiologists

D.describetheresultsofaparticularstudy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith______.1.本文的作者主要关注______。

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportanceA.讨论控制人口增长的两类因素，并评估它们的相对重要性

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccurB.描述自然种群的增长率如何随时间波动，并解释为什么会发生这些变化

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizeandsuggestingwaystotestitC.提出关于种群规模的假设并提出检验方法

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswerD.提出一个关于人口增长中的环境因素的基本问题，并给出一些目前被接受的答案

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章首先提出物种增长的现象，随即提出二分法并对其进行讨论，最后对这个二分法进行评估，因此在这篇文章中，作者主要关注的是讨论控制人口增长的两类因素以及他们的重要性，所以A项“讨论控制人口增长的两类因素，并评估它们的相对重要性”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】B项“描述自然种群的增长率如何随时间波动，并解释为什么会发生这些变化”、C项“提出关于种群规模的假设并提出检验方法”和D项“提出一个关于人口增长中的环境因素的基本问题，并给出一些目前被接受的答案”都是文章中的一部分，不够全面，这三项属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedtobe______.2.从文中可以推断，作者认为讨论的二分法______。

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulationsA.只适用于不稳定波动的人口

B.instrumental,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognizedB.有用的，但前提是它的局限性被认识到

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstancesC.在大多数情况下都是危险的误导

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomenaD.解释观察到的现象的一种完整而充分的方法

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词dichotomy定位至第三段首句“这种二分法有它的用途，但如果从字面上理解，就会产生问题（butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally）”，其中二分法指的是第二段提到的两类种群，即相对稳定的种群和高度变化的种群，第二段讨论了这两种种群的不同用途，说明二分法是有用的；然后第三段首句却提到butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally（但如果从字面上理解，就会产生问题），可以看出，二分法有其局限性，所以B项“有用的，但前提是它的局限性被认识到”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“只适用于不稳定波动的人口”表述太绝对，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“在大多数情况下都是危险的误导”和D项“解释观察到的现象的一种完整而充分的方法”表述都比较片面，这两项属于以偏概全。

3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsEXCEPT______.3.根据本文，以下所有的行为都在不同的物种中出现过，除了______。

A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyearA.每年大致保持恒定的人口水平

B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbersB.数字有规律的增加和减少的循环

C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweatherC.数量的不稳定增长与天气有关

D.uncheckedincreasesinnumbersovermanygenerationsD.数代人不受制约的增长

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据首段前两句“正如吉尔伯特•怀特、达尔文和其他人很久以前观察到的那样，所有物种（allspecies）似乎都具有与生俱来的能力，能够一代一代地增加它们的数量。生态学家的任务是理清环境和生物因素，从长远来看，这些因素制约着（incheck）人口增长的内在能力”，其中allspecies对应了题干中的differentpopulations，可知不同的物种都具有能够一代一代地增加它们的数量的能力，但是这种能力受到环境和生物因素的制约，D项“数代人不受制约的增长”中的unchecked与原文不符合，但符合题干，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“每年大致保持恒定的人口水平”、B项“数字有规律的增加和减少的循环”和C项“数量的不稳定增长与天气有关”，根据第一段最后一句“不同种群表现出的各种动态行为使得这项任务更加困难：有些种群年复一年大致保持不变；另一些则表现出规律性的丰富性和稀缺性循环；还有一些情况差别很大，疾病的爆发和崩溃在某些情况下与天气密切相关，而在其他情况下则与天气无关”可知，这三项行为都在不同的物种中出现过，故属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

4.Thediscussionconcerningpopulationinthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto______.4.第三段中关于种群的讨论主要是为了______。

A.demonstratethedifficultiesecologistsfaceinstudyingdensity-dependentfactorslimitingpopulationgrowthA.说明生态学家在研究限制种群增长的密度依赖因素时所面临的困难

B.advocatemorerigorousstudyofdensity-dependentfactorsinpopulationgrowthB.提倡更严格地研究种群增长中密度依赖的因素

C.provethatthedeathratesofanypopulationareneverentirelydensity-independentC.证明任何种群的死亡率都不是完全与密度无关的

D.underlinetheimportanceofevensmalldensity-dependentfactorsinregulatinglong-termpopulationdensitiesD.强调即使是很小的密度依赖因素在调节长期的种群密度方面的重要性

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位第三段，该段主要陈述density-dependentfactors（密度依赖因素），由最后三句“换句话说，种群中平均99%的死亡是由与密度无关的原因引起的，只有1%是随密度变化的因素引起的。构成这1%的因素可能看起来不重要，它们的原因可能相应地难以确定。然而，无论是否被认识到，它们通常将决定长期的平均种群密度。”可知，种群中只有1%的死亡是由密度依赖因素引起，但是这1%的因素通常决定长期的平均种群密度，综合理解可以推断，第三段关于种群的讨论主要是为了强调密度依赖因素在调节种群密度方面的重要性，D项“强调即使是很小的密度依赖因素在调节长期的种群密度方面的重要性”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“说明生态学家在研究限制种群增长的密度依赖因素时所面临的困难”在第三段没有依据，该项属于无中生有；

B项“提倡更严格地研究种群增长中密度依赖的因素”，该段只是证明了种群增长中密度依赖因素的重要性，但是advocate在该段没有体现，该项属于无中生有；

C项“证明任何种群的死亡率都不是完全与密度无关的”并不是第三段讨论种群的重点，该项属于本末倒置。

5.【选项释义】

5.Inthetext,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.5.在本文中，作者做了以下所有的事情，除了______。

A.citetheviewsofotherbiologistsA.引用其他生物学家的观点

B.defineabasicproblemthatthetextaddressesB.定义文章要解决的一个基本问题

C.presentconceptualcategoriesusedbyotherbiologistsC.介绍其他生物学家使用的概念范畴

D.describetheresultsofaparticularstudyD.描述一项特定研究的结果

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，本文作者在论述自己的观点时运用了各种写作手段，第一段引用生物学家的观点引出文章主题，第二段介绍其他生态学家所定义的概念，第三段和第四段则是提出二分法需要解决的一个问题，并介绍理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质的不同方法，只有D项“描述一项特定研究的结果”的写作手法并没有在文中运用，故该题选择D项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“引用其他生物学家的观点”在第一段有体现，该段引用了吉尔伯特•怀特和达尔文，该项属于反向干扰；

B项“定义文章要解决的一个基本问题”在第三段有体现，第一句提到“这种二分法有它的用途，但如果从字面上理解，就会产生问题”，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“介绍其他生物学家使用的概念范畴”在第二段有体现，第一句提到“为了给这种千变万化的模式赋予一些秩序，一种思想学派建议将种群分为两类”，该项属于反向干扰。

10.单选题

BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.，theByzantineEmpire(拜占庭帝国)stagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleandextinguishedtheempirealtogether.Thewealthofthestateanditssubjectswasgreatlydiminished,andartisticandliteraryproductionhadvirtuallyceased.Bytheearlyeleventhcentury,however,theempirehadregainedalmosthalfofitslostpossessions,itsnewfrontiersweresecure,anditsinfluenceextendedfarbeyonditsborders.Theeconomyhadrecovered,thetreasurywasfull,andartandscholarshiphadadvanced.

ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.RomeunderAugustusandfifth-centuryAthensprovidethemostobviousexamplesinantiquity.Moreover,anexaminationoftheapparentsequentialconnectionsamongmilitary,economic,andculturalformsofprogressmighthelpexplainthedynamicsofhistoricalchange.

ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.

Nodoubtthishypotheticalpatterndidapplyattimesduringthecourseoftherecovery.Yetitisnotclearthatmilitaryadvancesinvariablycamefirst.Economicadvancessecond,andintellectualadvancesthird.Inthe860’stheByzantineEmpirebegantorecoverfromArabincursionssothatby872themilitarybalancewiththeAbbasidCaliphatehadbeenpermanentlyalteredintheempire’sfavor.Thebeginningoftheempire’seconomicrevival,however,canbeplacedbetween810and830.Finally,theByzantinerevivaloflearningappearstohavebegunevenearlier.Anumberofnotablescholarsandwritersappearedby788and,bythelastdecadeoftheeighthcentury,aculturalrevivalwasinfullbloom,arevivalthatlasteduntilthefallofConstantinoplein1453.Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.

41.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthetext?

42.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheByzantineEmpiresustainedsignificantterritoriallosses___.

43.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthormostprobablyprovidesanexplanationoftheapparentconnectionsamongeconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentinorderto___.

44.WhichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionascrucialevidenceconcerningthemannerinwhichtheByzantinerevivalbegan?

45.Accordingtotheauthor,“Thecommonexplanation”(paragraph3)ofconnectionsbetweeneconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentis___.

问题1选项

A.TheByzantineEmpirewasauniquecaseinwhichtheusualorderofmilitaryandeconomicrevivalprecedingculturalrevivalwasreversed.

B.Theeconomic,cultural,andmilitaryrevivalintheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturieswassimilarinitsordertothesequenceofrevivalinAugustanRomeandfifth-centuryAthens.

C.After810Byzantineeconomicrecoveryspurredamilitaryand,later,culturalexpansionthatlasteduntil1453.

D.TherevivaloftheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesshowsculturalrebirthprecedingeconomicandmilitaryrevival,thereverseofthegenerallyacceptedsequenceofprogress.

问题2选项

A.in600

B.duringtheseventhcentury

C.acenturyaftertheculturalachievementsoftheByzantineEmpirehadbeenlost

D.soonaftertherevivalofByzantinelearning

问题3选项

A.suggestthattheprocessofrevivalinByzantiumaccordswiththismodel

B.setupanorderofeventsthatisthenshowntobenotgenerallyapplicabletothecaseofByzantium

C.castaspersionsontraditionalhistoricalscholarshipaboutByzantium

D.suggestthatByzantiumrepresentsacaseforwhichnohistoricalprecedentexists

问题4选项

A.TheByzantinemilitaryrevivalofthe860’sledtoeconomicandculturaladvances.

B.TheByzantineculturalrevivallasteduntil1453.

C.TheByzantineeconomicrecoverybeganinthe900’s.

D.TherevivalofByzantinelearningbegantowardtheendoftheeighthcentury.

问题5选项

A.revolutionaryandtoonewtohavebeenappliedtothehistoryoftheByzantineEmpire

B.reasonable,butanantiquatedtheoryofthenatureofprogress

C.notapplicabletotheByzantinerevivalasawhole,butdoesperhapsaccuratelydescribelimitedperiodsduringtherevival

D.equallyapplicabletotheByzantinecaseasawholeandtothehistoryofmilitary,economic,andculturaladvancesinancientGreeceandRome

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段开头BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.,theByzantineEmpirestagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.（在公元8世纪到11世纪之间，拜占庭帝国上演了一场几乎无与伦比的经济和文化复兴，这种复兴之所以格外引人注目，是因为它经历了一段长时间的严重内部衰退）和最后一段结尾Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.（因此，在拜占庭，人们普遍期望的军事复兴，随后是经济复苏，然后是文化复苏的秩序被逆转了。事实上，拜占庭学习的复兴本身可能影响了后来的经济和军事扩张）可知选D选项“拜占庭帝国在8世纪和11世纪之间的复兴显示了经济和军事复兴之前的文化复兴，与普遍接受的进步秩序相反”；根据第二段开头ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.（将拜占庭的军事、文化和经济进步视为单一现象的不同方面是合理的。毕竟，这三种形式的进步在许多国家和文明中是同时发生）可知A选项“拜占庭帝国是一个独特的例子，在文化复兴之前，通常的军事和经济复兴的秩序被逆转了”错误，文中只是说明了拜占庭帝国的发展顺序与一般的不一样，但并未说明唯一；B选项“810年后，拜占庭的经济复苏刺激了军事和文化的扩张，这种扩张一直持续到1453年”，C选项“8世纪拜占庭学术的复兴是一种无法解释的现象，它的经济和军事先驱尚未被发现”只是文章中的部分内容，并不能概括文章主旨。因此D选项符合题意。

42.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600…（到了八世纪初，帝国在公元600年失去了大约三分之二的领土）可以推断出在七世纪时拜占庭帝国遭受到了严重的领域损失，所以到八世纪初，帝国失去了大约三分之二的领土，选B选项“在七世纪”，同时可知A选项“600年”错误；C选项“拜占庭帝国的文化成就消失后的一个世纪”和D选项“拜占庭学习复兴后不久”和原文不符，排除。因此B选项正确。

43.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第三段ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedback