考研考博-英语-广西卫生职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西卫生职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Modernformsoftransportationandcommunicationhavedonemuchto（

）theisolationoflifeinAlaska.

问题1选项

A.breakthrough

B.breakdown

C.breakinto

D.breakout

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A项breakthrough表示“突破，突围”；B项breakdown表示“打破；出故障”；C项breakinto表示“闯入”；D项breakout表示“突发，爆发”。根据Modernformsoftransportationandcommunication以及isolation可知，句意应为现代交通运输和通信方式非常有利于打破阿拉斯加生活的闭塞，因此本题正确答案为B项。

2.单选题

Chinaneedstoincreaseitsoverseasinvestment,especiallyinenergyandrawmaterials,asthiswill______worldsuppliesandbevitalforrebalancingtheworldeconomy.

问题1选项

A.indict

B.recruit

C.poke

D.boost

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.indict控告；起诉B.recruit吸收；招募

C.poke（用手指或其他东西）捅，戳，杵D.boost使增长；使兴旺

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据as可知，as在这里作为连词，表示原因，由主句Chinaneedstoincreaseitsoverseasinvestment（中国需要增加海外投资）可推知，will______worldsupplies指的是“将增加世界供应”，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】中国需要增加海外投资，特别是在能源和原材料领域，因为这将增加世界供应，对世界经济的再平衡至关重要。

3.不定项选择题

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitatsandtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmentalstandardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.[A]TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.[B]ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.[C]TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.[D]

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment.Itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

Howevervocalthecriticsofenvironmentalprotectioneffortsmaybe,giventheveryconsiderablebodyofenvironmentallegislationthatexists,itissafetoassumethattheirviewsdonotrepresentthemajorityopinion.Privateadvocacygroups,theEPS,statelegislaturesandCongresshaveworkedtogethertoenactnumerouslawsregardingairandwaterquality,landuseandwastemanagement.Thatshouldbeevidenceenoughofthebroadextentofthepopularsupportthatunderliesthemovement.

13.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

15.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribeshowtheEPAhelpedtheenvironmentalmovement?

16.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalmovement?

17.Accordingtothepassage,whateffectdidthecriticismoftheenvironmentalmovementhave?

18.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

19.Theworddireinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

20.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.

Wherewouldthefollowingmostlikelyfitinthepassage(A,B,C,orD)?

21.Theworddissentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovementandhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

问题3选项

A.Itcoordinatedactionatthelocalandnationallevels.

B.Itobtainedpresidentialsupport.

C.Ittookoverfromlocalorganizationstoexpediteaction.

D.Itprovidedfundingtolocalorganizations.

问题4选项

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

问题5选项

A.Itcausedtheenvironmentaliststochangetheirmethods.

B.Itdecreasedfederalassistanceforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItdiminishedpopularsupportfortheEPA.

D.Itrevitalizedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionmovement.

问题6选项

A.Criticsofthemovementweresuccessfulindissuadingmanyenvironmentalistsfromsupportingsomeofthemoredrasticmeasuresthathadbeensuggestedbyquestioningthequantitativemethodstheyemployed.

B.Opponentsoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsucceededingettingtheactiviststotakeanother,moreobjective,approachtosubstantiatingtheirclaims.

C.Peoplewhodisagreedwiththeenvironmentalistseventuallywereabletopersuademanythatthemethodsemployedbytheenvironmentalmovementwereinvalidandtheirconclusionincorrect.

D.Membersofenvironmentalgroupswerereluctanttoemployquantitativemethodsinassessingenvironmentaldamagebecausetheyfelttheresultsmightnotsubstantiatetheirclaims.

问题7选项

A.unrealized

B.possible

C.grave

D.imaginary

问题8选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

问题9选项

A.opposition

B.support

C.indifference

D.ambivalence

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:A

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了地球日环保活动的起源，接着介绍了不同人群在环保运动中对环境保护做出的努力和取得的成果，说明本文的主要内容是介绍环保运动的起源和发展。因此C选项“环保运动及其开始的过程”正确。A选项“地球日对环保运动的影响”，D选项“环保局在保护自然资源方面的成功”都只是文章的一个方面，不能概括文章的全部内容，所以A，D错误。B选项“如何保护地球的环境”表述太过宽泛，所以B错误。

14.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.（人们普遍认为，环境保护运动之所以如此成功，是因为它得到了基层的支持，数百个城镇的活动人士团体主动清理了自己的社区。），说明环保运动取得广泛成功的原因是得到了基层的支持。因此B选项“在地方层面运作良好”正确。A选项“保护了人们关心的植物和动物”，D选项“迫使重要的国家法律得到批准”是环境运动的成果，而不是取得成功的原因，所以A，D错误。C选项“把不近人情的政客赶下台”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。

15.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.（它与各种截然不同的独立组织结盟，与成千上万的小型特殊利益集团甚至是在地方层面工作的个人结盟。），说明环保局是通过和其他地方组织合作，协调国家和地方的行动来帮助环保运动的。因此A选项“协调了地方和国家层面的行动”正确。B选项“获得了总统的支持”，原文说的是总统通过行政命令成立了环保局，并不是它对于环保运动的做法，所以B错误。C选项“接手地方组织加快行动”，原文说的是和其他地方组织合作，没有说接手地方组织，所以C错误。D选项“向地方组织提供资金”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

16.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（对该运动提出的一个批评是，它对环境破坏可怕后果的预测往往是错误的。），说明有人批评环保运动预测的环境破坏后果都没有出现。因此D选项“没有看到它宣称的环境破坏”正确。A选项“提出了一些会损害经济的措施”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“预测无法通过实际行动来防止”，原文提到了环保运动提出的警告带来了变化，而这些变化使得预测不会实现，所以B错误。C选项“缺乏取得任何实际进展所需的支持”，原文提到了它得到了国家层面关键法律和政府的支持，所以C错误。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度，或他们的工作在实际改善环境方面所体现的程度。），说明对环保运动的批评促使环保主义者改变了进行环保运动的方法。因此A选项“使环保主义者改变了他们的方法”正确。B选项“减少了联邦政府对环境保护的援助”，C选项“减少了民众对环保局的支持”，D选项“重振了人们对环保运动的支持”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

18.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度，或他们的工作在实际改善环境方面所体现的程度。），说明对环保运动的批评并没有打击环保主义者的积极性或阻碍环保运动的发展，而是让环保主义者反思之前的做法，追求一种更客观的方法来证实自己的主张。因此B选项“环保运动的反对者成功地让环保主义者采取另一种更客观的方法来证实他们的主张”正确。A选项“这场运动的批评者成功地劝阻了许多环保主义者支持一些更为激进的措施，这些措施是通过质疑他们所采用的定量方法而提出的”，由原文可知，环保主义者之前并没有采用定量方法，所以A错误。C选项“与环保主义者意见相左的人最终能够说服许多人，认为环保运动所采用的方法是无效的，他们的结论是不正确的”，D选项“环保团体的成员不愿意采用定量的方法来评估环境损害，因为他们认为结果可能无法证实他们的主张”与原文表述的意思相反，所以C，D错误。

19.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干关键词“dire”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（对该运动提出的一个批评是，它对环境破坏可怕后果的预测往往是错误的。），说明“dire”在文中是指“可怕、极其严重”的意思。因此C选项“严重的”正确。A选项“未实现的”，B选项“可能的”，D选项“虚构的”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

20.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.（多亏了以泰迪•罗斯福为代表的具有环保意识的政治人物的额外帮助，他在近一个世纪前就建立了美国的第一个国家公园，这一运动得到了发展。）讲的是个人为环保运动提供的帮助，C处前文说到环保局和不同的组织与个人合作，那么下文应该介绍具体的事例。因此该句放在C处最合适。

21.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干关键词“dissent”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度），说明“dissent”在文中是指“不同、反对”的意思。因此A选项“反对”正确。B选项“支持”，C选项“冷漠”，D选项“矛盾”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

4.单选题

Newresearchsuggestsgossipcouldactuallylower______andhelppeopleovercomethefrustrationofseeingsomeonedoingsomethingwrongandgettingawaywithit.

问题1选项

A.press

B.bless

C.cress

D.stress

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近名词辨析。lower在句中表示动词用法，后面空格处应填名词。press“压；新闻”；bless无名词用法；cress“水芹”；stress“压力”。句意：新的研究表明，流言实际上可能会降低……并帮助人们克服看到有人做错事却没受惩罚的挫败感。因此选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

AccordingtoarecentpublicationoftheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,atthepresentrateofprogress,itwilltakeforty-threeyearstoendjobdiscrimination—hardlyareasonabletimetable.

Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.Wearebehindasaresultofdiscriminationanddenialofopportunity.Thereisonewhiteattorneyforevery680whites,butonlyoneblackattorneyforevery4,000blacks;onewhitephysicianforevery659whites,butonlyoneblackphysicianforevery5,000blacks;andonewhitedentistforevery1,900whites,butonlyoneblackdentistforevery8,400blacks.Lessthan1percentofallengineersorofallpracticingchemistsisblack.Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.

Actually,intheU.S.context,“reversediscrimination”isillogicalandacontradictioninterms.Neverinthehistoryofmankindhasamajority,withpower,engagedinprogramsandwrittenlawsthatdiscriminateagainstitself.Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.

Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,asnewsaccountsmakeitseem.Thereare49percentmorewhitesinmedicalschooltodayand64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolthantherewerewhenaffirmativeactionprogramsbegansomeeightyearsago.

Inarecentcolumn,WilliamRaspberryraisedaninterestingquestion.CommentingontheBakkecase,heasked,“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”That,hesuggested,wouldnotinterferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave.Hethenwentontopointoutthatthis,infact,isexactlywhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools.In1968,theyearbeforeaffirmativeactionprogramsbegantogetunderway,9,571whitesand282membersofminoritygroupsenteredU.S.medicalschools.In1976,thefigureswere14,213and1,400respectively.Thus,underaffirmativeaction,thenumberof“whiteplaces”actuallyroseby49percent;whiteaccesstomedicaltrainingwasnotdiminished,butsubstantiallyincreased.Thetrendwasevenmoremarkedinlawschools.In1969,thefirstyearforwhichreliablefiguresareavailable,2,933minority-groupmemberswereenrolled;in1976,thenumberwasupto8,484.Butduringthesameperiod,lawschoolenrollmentforwhitesrosefrom65,453to107,064anincreaseof64percent.Inshort,itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.

AllanBakkedidnotreallychallengepreferentialtreatmentingeneral,forhemadenochallengetothepreferentialtreatmentaccordedtothechildrenoftherich,thealumniandthefacultyortoathletesortheverytalentedonlytominorities.

1.Theauthorisforaffirmativeaction（）.

2.Itrequires（）toclosethegapsbetweenthewhitesandtheblacksintheU.S.

3.Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,accordingtotheauthor,because（）.

4.WilliamRaspberry,whilecommentingontheBakkecase,suggests（）.

5.WhatAllanBakkechallengedwas（）.

问题1选项

A.becausethereisdiscriminationanddenialofopportunityintheU.S.

B.ifweaimateducationalandeconomicequityandparity

C.becauseitwilltake43yearstoendjobdiscrimination

D.whenthereisnoreasonabletimetableintheU.S.

问题2选项

A.oneblackattorneyforever4,000blacks

B.alotmoreblackengineersandchemists

C.educationandeconomicdevelopment

D.creativejusticeandcompassion

问题3选项

A.whatwhitegiveupisonlyunfairadvantage

B.thereare49percentmorewhiteinmedicalschooltodayalready

C.whites,themajorityintheU.S.,willneverdiscriminateagainstthemselves

D.thereare64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolstoday

问题4选项

A.tooffer100slotstowhitesand16toblacks

B.tooffer84slotstowhitesand16toblacks

C.tofollowwhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools

D.tointerferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave

问题5选项

A.themyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense

B.unfairtreatmentaccordedtoblacks

C.preferentialtreatmentingeneral

D.preferentialtreatmenttominority-groupmembers

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段第一句“Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.”如果我们的目标是教育和经济公平与平等，那么我们就需要积极地开展平权行动。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段最后两句“Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.”残酷无情的不公正造成了这样的差距。我们需要创造性的公正和同情来消除差距。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第三段最后一句“Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.”白人因为平权法案而放弃的唯一一件事是不公平的优势，这在一开始是不必要的。选项A符合原文。

4.根据关键词“WilliamRaspberry”定位到倒数第二段，根据“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”“如果我们不是在100个位置中留出16个位置，而是在100个位置中增加16个位置，那会怎么样?”他表示，这不会影响白人已经拥有的东西。所以选项A正确。

5.根据原文内容可知，AllanBakke挑战的是“itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.”选项A正确。

6.单选题

Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,（）ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.

问题1选项

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构：从句与主句之间有逗号隔开，独立存在，去掉了也不会影响整个句子的意思，所以这里用的是非限定定语从句。句意：海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好，当然这使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好这个事情，所以本题的正确选项是B选项。

7.翻译题

在西方，启蒙思想的支撑源于人们对于客观规律的认知，如哥白尼的“日心说”、牛顿的“万有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙论”等，认为整个宇宙中的一切物体都遵守同一定律，进而冲破千年的宗教束缚，将这一一理性思考引入了人类社会，从而开创了一个不断进取的新时代。在中国，几千年的封建农业社会，使得科技落后、法治传统缺乏，只是受到近代西方启蒙思想(包括马克思主义)的影响，才引入了科学、民主、法治的概念，开始与世界文明接轨。

【答案】Inthewest,theenlightenmentofthesupportfromthepeoplefortheobjectivelawsofcognition,suchasCopernicus’heliocentrictheory,“gravity”ofNewton,Galileo’s“cosmology”etc,thinkthateverythingintheuniversearesubjecttothesamelaw,toshakeofftheyokeofthereligioninonethousandwillbetheonetothinkrationallytheintroductionofhumansociety,whichopenedaneweraofcontinuousimprovement.InChina,thethousandsofyearsoffeudalagriculturalsocietymadescienceandtechnologybackwardandthetraditionofruleoflawlacking.Itwasonlyundertheinfluenceofmodernwesternenlightenmentthoughts(includingMarxism)thattheconceptsofscience,democracyandruleoflawwereintroducedandbegantoconnectwiththeworldcivilization.

8.单选题

Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowandlessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfrombeinglaughedatandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorlynourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalanceofthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringearlychildhoodarelesslikelytobechangedbyimproveddietaryintakelater.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut______.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Theword“withdrawn”inLine3ofPara1means______.

问题1选项

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

问题2选项

A.Children’sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltotheirpoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.

D.Thecycleindicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.

问题3选项

A.adeprivedenvironment

B.unwisefoodselections

C.undernutrition

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.overnutritionisevenharmfulthanundernutrition

B.malnutritionhasseriouseffectsonchild’sphysicaldevelopment

C.thenutritionalconditionofayoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofanadult

D.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup

问题5选项

A.isolated

B.reserve

C.selfish

D.stubborn

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“Well-nourished”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.（营养良好的儿童更警觉、更专心，更能从体育活动和学习经验中受益。），所以A选项“在学习时专心致志”，C选项“从体育活动中受益”，D选项“行为端正”均符合营养良好儿童的特点，排除A，C，D。B选项“在课堂上过于活跃”，由第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（营养不良的孩子可能会安静、孤僻，或者在课堂活动中过于活跃。）可知，这是营养不良孩子的特点，因此本题选B。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由A选项关键词“resistancetoillness”可以定位到文章第二段第五句Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.（因此，营养不良造成了疾病的循环，营养状况越差，抗病能力越低。），说明营养状况越差的儿童，对疾病的抵抗力也越低。因此A选项“儿童对疾病的抵抗力与其不良的营养状况成正比”与原文的表述不符，本题选A。B选项“营养好的人生病后往往恢复得很快”，C选项“营养不良的人最容易成为传染病的受害者”，D选项“循环表明，疾病会使营养不良的状况恶化”均与原文的意思相符，所以排除B，C，D。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections…Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.（营养不良对许多儿童来说是一个严重的问题，但它并不总是与贫穷或恶劣的环境有关。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因为不明智的食物选择而营养不良……营养不良可能是营养不足或营养过剩的结果。），说明营养不良的原因有恶劣的环境、不明智的食物选择、营养不足、营养过剩。A选项“恶劣的环境”，B选项“不明智的食物选择”，C选项“营养不足”都是导致营养不良的原因之一，所以D选项“以上都是”正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章介绍了儿童营养不良造成的危害和导致儿童营养不良的原因，但是C选项所说“儿童的营养状况比成人的营养状况更值得关注”无法从本文得出，本文并未对比两种状况哪一种更值得关注，C选项首先可排除。A选项“营养过剩比营养不足更有害”，由原文第三段最后一句“Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition”可知，营养过剩和营养不足都是造成营养不良的原因，它们同样有严重的危害，所以A错误。D选项“随着孩子的成长，营养素的摄入量可以得到改善”，由原文可知，早期儿童营养缺乏对身体发育的影响不太可能因以后改善饮食摄入而改变，所以D错误。B选项“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，由原文最后一段可知，Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment“在生长和发育的早期阶段，充分摄取所有必需营养素是最重要的”，也就是要保证发育期的营养摄入，可反推出“营养不良对儿童的身体发育有严重影响”，因此B选项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“withdrawn”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（营养不良的孩子可能会安静、孤僻，或者在课堂活动中过于活跃。），说明“wit