考研考博-英语-延安职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-延安职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

TheexistingchildprotectionlawsinChinadoallowforabusiveparents（）oftheircustodyrights,buttheydonotincludedetailsonimplementation.

问题1选项

A.deprive

B.tobedeprived

C.todeprive

D.beingdeprived

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，Theexistingchildprotectionlaws为句子的主语，allowfor作谓语，所以空格的部分应该要填入非谓语动词，用来修饰前句的名词laws，因为动词deprive与其逻辑主语laws之间存在被动关系，选项A和C可排除。又根据空格中的动作发生在将来，所以选用动词不定式表将来。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Microwavesareatypeofelectromagneticradiation;theyareaverymildformofelectricalormagneticwavethatmovesthroughspace.UnlikeX-raysandgammarays,whichareverypowerfulraysofradiation,microwavesareratherweakandaremuchmorelikethewavesofradiationusedinradiobroadcasting.

Inmicrowaveovens,theuseofmicrowaveswithwhichmostpeoplearefamiliar,thewavesareproducedbyanelectronictubecalledamagnetron.Microwavesproducebeatinanyfoodplacedinsidetheovenbycausingthewaterinthefoodtovibraterapidlyandthusheatup.Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.

Microwavesdonotpassthroughmetalssothemicrowavesareretainedwithintheoven.Microwavespassimmediatelythroughglass,paper,andplasticwithnoeffectonthesematerialsoronthemicrowaves;nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.Sometimesapartorcontainerisheatedbecauseitistouchingthehotfood,though;someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.

Actually,weknowverylittleabouthowmicrowaveradiationmightaffecthumanbeings.Obviously,ifmicrowavescancookaroastbyexcitingthewatermoleculesinthemeatstheycoulddothesamethingtohumanflesh.Humanbeingcouldbeburnedbyprolongedexposuretohighlevelsofmicrowaves.Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.

Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.Someexperimentshavebeenperformedonanimals,buttheresultsareverydifficulttointerpret.Astheeyesareparticularlysensitive,rabbitsexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveswerecheckedforthegrowthofcataracts,andnonewerefound.Ontheotherhand,someanimalsseemabletosensemicrowaveradiationandtrytoescapefromitimmediately.Inothers,microwaveradiationcausesthebodytoreactasifdefendingitselfagainstdecease.Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageistodiscuss（）.

2.Microwavesare（）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat（）.

4.Theauthor’stoneis（）.

5.Asusedinthe3rdparagraphofthispassage,theword“documented"means（）.

问题1选项

A.thebeneficialuseofmicrowaves

B.theharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

C.themodernmethodsofcooking

D.theuseandpossibleharmfuleffectsofmicrowaves

问题2选项

A.absolutelysafeatlowlevels

B.veryefficientforcooking

C.cancer-causinginpeoplewithweakeyes

D.completelyunderstoodbyScientists

问题3选项

A.theheatcreatedinmicrowaveovensisverydifficulttocontrol

B.foodtastesbetterwhencookedinamicrowaveoven

C.foodcookedinmicrowaveovensisprobablymorenutritiousthanfoodcookedinmoreconventionalways

D.mostresearchontheeffectsofmicrowavesonhumanbeingshasbeenrestrictedtothestudyoflowlevelmicrowaveradiation

问题4选项

A.objective

B.sarcastic

C.negative

D.skeptical

问题5选项

A.numbered

B.recorded

C.legal

D.believable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了微波的特点，第二三段讲述了微波的用途，最后分析了微波可能对人体造成的伤害。故D项“微波的用途及可能造成的影响”正确。ABC三项均比较片面。

2.推理判断题。由第三段“nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.除了食物本身，微波炉里的任何东西都不会被加热，因此烹饪过程比传统的烤箱更有效率。可知B项正确。由Theseresponsesleadsomescientiststothinkthatmicrowaveradiationisharmful，thoughinsomeyetundiscoveredway.这些反应使一些科学家认为微波辐射是有害的，尽管是以一些尚未被发现的方式。可知A项错误。Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.目前还没有对暴露在低水平微波辐射下的人进行研究。可知C项错误。

3.推理判断题。第四段Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.但科学家们更关心的是低水平微波照射的影响，比如微波炉泄漏可能造成的影响。与D项“微波对人体影响的研究大多局限于对低水平微波辐射的研究”同义。AB两项文中没有提及；C项“用微波炉烹饪的食物可能比用传统方法烹饪的食物更有营养”是对原文“Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.含有更多水分的食物烹饪时间更短，在微波炉中烹饪时可能会保留更多的营养成分。”的曲解。

4.观点态度题。本文前半部分提到了微波给人们的生活带来了便利，可以快速地加热食物，后半部分提到了科学家对微波是否会对人体造成伤害进行了讨论，全文没有涉及主观性色彩的内容，所以作者的态度是客观的，故A项正确。

5.词义题。Someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.一些使用微波炉的人被热的食物、热锅或从食物中逸出的蒸汽烧伤。没有记录在案的微波炉辐射灼伤案例。联系上文可以推断documented为记录的。

3.单选题

Uptothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,thenervoussystemwasthoughttocontrolallcommunicationwithinthebodyandtheresultingintegrationofbehavior.Scientistshaddeterminedthatnervesran,essentially,onelectricalimpulses.Theseimpulseswerethoughttobetheengineforthought,emotion,movement,andinternalprocessessuchasdigestion.However,experimentsbyWilliamBaylissandErnestStarlingonthechemicalsecretion,whichisproducedinthesmallintestinewhenfoodentersthestomach,eventuallychallengedthatview.Fromthesmallintestine,secretiontravelsthroughthebloodstreamtothepancreas.There,itstimulatesthereleaseofdigestivechemicals.Inthisfashion,theintestinalcellsthatproducesecretionultimatelyregulatetheproductionofdifferentchemicalsinadifferentorgan,thepancreas.

Suchacoordinationofprocesseshadbeenthoughttorequirecontrolbythenervoussystem;BaylisaandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthroughtorequirecontrolbythenervoussystem;BaylissandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthroughchemicalsalone.ThisdiscoveryspurredStarlingtocointhetermhormonetorefertosecretion,takingitfromtheGreekwordhormone,meaning“toexcite”or66tosetinmotion.”Ahormoneisachemicalproducedbyeonetissuetomakethingshappenelsewhere.

Asmorehormoneswerediscovered,theywerecategorized,primarilyaccordingtotheprocessbywhichtheyoperatedonthebody.Someglands(whichmakeuptheendocrinesystem)secretehormonesdirectlyintothebloodstream.Suchglandsincludethethyroidandthepituitary.Theexocrinesystemconsistsoforgansandglandsthatproducesubstancesthatareusedoutsidethebloodstream,primarilyfordigestion.Thepancreasisonesuchorgan,althoughitsecretessomechemicalsintothebloodandthusisalsopartoftheendocrinesystem.

Muchhasbeenlearnedabouthormonessincetheirdiscovery.Someplaysuchkeyrolesinregulatingbodilyprocessesorbehaviorthattheirabsencewouldcauseimmediatedeath.Themostabundanthormoneshaveeffectsthatarelessobviouslyurgentbutcanbemorefar-reachinganddifficulttotrack:Theymodifymoodsandaffecthumanbehavior,evensomebehaviorwenormallythinkofasvoluntary.Hormonalsystemsareveryintricate.Evenminuteamountsoftherightchemicalscansuppressappetite,calmaggression,andchangetheattitudeofaparenttowardachild.Certainhormonesacceleratethedevelopmentofthebody,regulatinggrowthandform;othersmayevendefineanindividual’spersonalitycharacteristics.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducedchangewithage,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.

Infact,somehormonetherapiesarealreadyverycommon.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbodytemperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthosehormonesastheyentermiddleage.Knownashormonereplacementtherapy(HRT),thetreatmentwasalsobelievedtopreventweakeningofthebones.AtleastonestudyhaslinkedHRTwithaheightenedriskofheartdiseaseandcertaintypesofcancer.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots-dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorbloodvessels-willform.SomeproponentsofHRThavetemperedtheirenthusiasminthefaceofthisnewevidence,recommendingitonlytopatientswhosesymptomsinterferewiththeirabilitiestolivenormallives.

Humangrowthhormonemayalsobegiventopatientswhoaresecretingabnormallylowamountsontheirown.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.Growthhormoneaffectsnotjustphysicalsizebutalsothedigestionoffoodandtheagingprocess.Researchersandfamilyphysicianstendtoagreethatitisfoolhardytodispenseitincasesinwhichtherisksarenotclearlyoutweighedbythebenefits..

1.Thewordengineinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Theworditinthesecondparagraphrefersto（

）.

3.Thewordspurredinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）

4.Tobeconsideredahormone,achemicalproducedinthebodymust（

）.

5.Theglandsandorgansmentionedinparagraph3arecategorizedaccordingto（

）.

6.Thewordkeyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

7.Thewordminuteinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

8.Thewordtemperedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

9.Whichpatientsareusuallytreatedwithgrowthhormone?

10.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexplainstheprimarygoalofhormonereplacementtherapy?

问题1选项

A.desire

B.origin

C.science

D.chemical

问题2选项

A.secretion

B.smallintestine

C.bloodstream

D.pancreas

问题3选项

A.remembered

B.surprised

C.invented

D.motivated

问题4选项

A.bepartofthedigestiveprocess

B.influencetheoperationsofthenervoussystem

C.affectprocessesinadifferentpartofthebody

D.regulateattitudesandbehavior

问题5选项

A.whetherscientistsunderstandtheirfunction

B.howfrequentlytheyreleasehormonesintothebody

C.whetherthehormonestheysecreteinfluencetheagingprocess

D.whethertheysecretechemicalsintotheblood

问题6选项

A.misunderstood

B.precise

C.significant

D.simple

问题7选项

A.sudden

B.small

C.changing

D.noticeable

问题8选项

A.decreased

B.advertised

C.prescribed

D.researched

问题9选项

A.Adultsofsmallerstatuethannormal

B.Adultswithstrongdigestivesystems

C.Childrenwhoarenotatriskfromthetreatment

D.Childrenwhomayremainabnormallysmall

问题10选项

A.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducedchangewithage,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.

B.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbodytemperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthosehormonesastheyentermiddleage.

C.Hrtmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots-dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorbloodvessels-willform.

D.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:A

【解析】1.词义题。Engine所在句子为:Theseimpulseswerethoughttobetheengineforthought,emotion,movement,andinternalprocessessuchasdigestion(这些冲动被认为是思想、情感、运动和消化等内部过程的引擎)。desire欲望,要求;origin起源,原点;science科学;chemical化学的。因此推测B项origin与engine同义。

2.词义题。第二段主要讲的是关于“激素”的问题。

3.词义题。“spurred”所在句为:ThisdiscoveryspurredStarlingtocointhetermhormonetorefertosecretion(这一发现激发Starling创造了“荷尔蒙”一词来指分泌物)。D项motivate(激励、促进、使有动机)与之意思相近。、

4.细节题。第二段指出:Ahormoneisachemicalproducedbyeonetissuetomakethingshappenelsewhere。

5.细节题。根据题干定位至第三段:Thepancreasisonesuchorgan,althoughitsecretessomechemicalsintothebloodandthusisalsopartoftheendocrinesystem(胰腺就是这样一个器官，尽管它分泌一些化学物质进入血液，因此也是内分泌系统的一部分)。

6.词义题。定位至第四段:Someplaysuchkeyrolesinregulatingbodilyprocessesorbehaviorthattheirabsencewouldcauseimmediatedeath(有些激素在调节身体过程或行为方面起着关键作用，因此没用的话会导致立即死亡)。因此C项significant与key意思相近。

7.词义题。定位至第四段:Evenminuteamountsoftherightchemicalscansuppressappetite,calmaggression,andchangetheattitudeofaparenttowardachild(即使是微量的正确的化学物质也能抑制食欲，平息侵略，改变父母对孩子的态度)。因此B项small与minute意思相近。

8.词义题。定位至第五段:SomeproponentsofHRThavetemperedtheirenthusiasminthefaceofthisnewevidence(面对这一新的证据，一些人力资源技术的支持者已经缓和/减少了他们的热情)。因此A项decrease含义最为接近。

9.细节题。最后一段指出:Humangrowthhormonemayalsobegiventopatientswhoaresecretingabnormallylowamountsontheirown(对于那些自身分泌量异常低的患者,可能会增加他们的生长激素)。

10.细节题。通过第五段可知,A项(激素的数量和比例随着年龄的增长而变化，因此科学家们对内分泌系统随时间的变化进行了大量的研究，以期减轻与衰老有关的疾病)正确。

4.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：当史密斯先生被暗示犯了一个错误时，他变得非常（）。ingenious灵敏的，聪明的；empirical以事实为依据的；objective客观的；indignant愤怒的。故选D。

5.单选题

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品）保用单”；B选项license“执照，许可证”；C选项market“市场，交易”；D选项necessity“必然，必要”。根据repairorreplacement（修理或更换）可知A选项符合语境。句意：我公司在本保证项下的义务仅限于修理或更换。

6.单选题

Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy.

Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupwho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancer?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctordenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake.Intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.

Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis,asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.

Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness.

Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception,theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth.Liesalsodoharmstothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.

1.Doctorsthinkthatlyingtotheirpatientsis（）.

2.Mostpatientsthinkthatbeingtoldthetruthoftheirillnessmay（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdoctors?

问题1选项

A.amedicaltradition

B.toharmtheirownintegrity

C.todefendmedicine

D.utteringthetruthfortruth’ssake

问题2选项

A.slowdownrecovery

B.leadtosuicideinsomecases

C.betoohardforthemtoaccept

D.helpdealwithillness

问题3选项

A.Doctorsareofteninadilemmaastotellthepatienthisrealconditionofhealth.

B.Doctors’reluctancetotellpatienttruthhasnorealsupportinreality.

C.Doctors’liesaredifferentfromthatoflawyersandgovernmentofficials.

D.Doctorsandpatientsholddifferentviewsabouttellingtruth.

问题4选项

A.realistic

B.praising

C.objective

D.appreciative

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第三段的第二句“Oursisaprofession...asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”我们这个职业，传统上恪守一个信条，这个信条超越了为真理而说真话的美德，那就是尽可能“不伤害他人”。由此可知，医生认为对病人撒谎是一种医学传统。选项A符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究表明，与许多医生的信念相反，绝大多数患者希望被告知真相，甚至是关于严重疾病的真相。真实的信息和人性化的传达，有助于病人应对疾病。选项D符合原文。

3.信息判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”...”病人的不信任使医疗诉讼案增多,造成医生避免风险的“防御性诊治”增多。这里的“防御性诊治”指的就是对病人撒谎的行为，所以选项A说医生陷入两难境地的说法是错误的。

4.观点态度题。结合文章内容可知，作者对医生的这种做法并没有赞美或者赏识，选项B和D首先排除。全文作者都是在客观的描述事实，客观的分析问题，所以作者的态度是客观的，选项B正确。

7.单选题

Duringthe19thcenturyfurtheradvancesweremade,notablyBessemer’sprocessfor（）ironintosteel,whichmadethematerialmorecommerciallyviable.

问题1选项

A.altering

B.varying

C.converting

D.transforming

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项altering“变更”；B选项varying“相异，（根据情况）变化”；C选项converting“使改变，皈依”；D选项transforming“转化，发生巨变，发生巨大变化”。句意：在19世纪取得了进一步的进展，特别是将铁_____为钢的贝西麦工艺，使这种材料更具有商业可行性。这里表达的意思是“将铁转化为钢”，因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thepressureofpopulationonavailableresourcesisthekeytounderstandinghistory;consequently,anyhistoricalwritingthattakesnocognizanceof（）factsis（）flawed.

问题1选项

A.ecological...marginally

B.rinsically

C.cultural...substantively

D.political...demonstratively

【答案】B

【解析】词汇辨析ecological“生态学的”；marginally“少量地”；demographic“人口统计学的”；intrinsically“本质上地”；cultural“文化的”；substantively“从本质上讲”；political“政治上的”；demonstratively“论证地”。句意：人口对现有资源的压力是理解历史的关键;因此，任何不认识人口统计学事实的历史著作都有其本质上的缺陷。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformand

function,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers-usingnon-scientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist'smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare（

）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirstpassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothepassage?

5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord“paradoxical”(lines22)mostprobablybecause（

）

6.Accordingtothepassagerandomfailuresinautomaticcontrolsystemsare“notmerelytrivialaberrations”(lines32)because（

）

7.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsprimarilyto（

）

问题1选项

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists

问题2选项

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecourseindesign

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems

问题3选项

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile-forexample,theengineorthefueltank-hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

D.Thedesignerofanewrefrigeratorshouldconsiderthedesignsofotherrefrigeratorsbeforedecidingonitsfinalform.

问题4选项

A.Theassumpt