考研考博-英语-华南农业大学珠江学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华南农业大学珠江学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Ifyougointoagoodlibrary,youwillfindthousandsofbooksonglobalization.Somewilllaudit.Somewillwarnaboutitsdangers.Butthey’llagreethatglobalizationisthechiefprocessdrivingourage.Ourlivesarebeingtransformedbytheincreasingmovementofgoods,peopleandcapitalacrossborders.

Theglobalizationparadigmhasled,inthepoliticalarena,toacertainhistoricalnarrative:therewereoncenation-statesliketheU.S.andtheEuropeanpowers,whoseeconomiescouldbesecuredwithinborders.Butnowcapitalflowsfreely.Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.Competitionisglobalandfierce.

NewdynamoslikeIndiaandChinathreatenAmericanDominancethankstotheircheaplaborandmanipulatedcurrencies.Now,everythingismadeabroad.Americanmanufacturingisindecline.Therestoftheeconomyisthreatened.

HillaryClintonsummarizedthenarrativethisweek:“Theycameforthesteelcompaniesandnobodysaidanything.Theycamefortheautocompaniesandnobodysaidanything.Theycamefortheofficecompanies,peoplewhodidwhite-collarjobs,andnoonesaidanything.Andtheycamefortheprofessionaljobsthatcouldbeoutsourced,andnobodysaidanything.”

Theglobalizationparadigmhasturnedouttobeveryconvenientforpoliticians.Itallowsthemtoblameforeignersforeconomicwoes.Itallowsthemtotreateconomicandsocialchangeasagreatmercantilist’scompetition,withvariousteamscompetingforglobalsupremacy,andwithpoliticiansstarringasthecommandinggenerals.

Butthere’saproblemwiththewaytheglobalizationparadigmhasevolved.Itdoesn’treallyexplainmostofwhatishappeningintheworld.

Globalizationisrealandimportant.It’sjustnotthecentralforcedrivingeconomicchange.SomeAmericanshaveseentheirjobshippedoverseas,butglobalcompetitionhasaccountedforasmallshareofjobcreationanddestructionoverthepastfewdecades.Capitaldoesindeedflowaroundtheworld.ButasPankajGhemawatoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolhasobserved,90percentoffixedinvestmentaroundtheworldisdomestic.Companiesopenplantsoverseas,butthat’smainlysotheirproductionfacilitiescanbeclosetolocalmarkets.

Noristheglobalizationparadigmevenaccuratewhenappliedtomanufacturing.InsteadoffleeingtoAsia,U.S.manufacturingoutputisupoverrecentdecades.AsThomasDuesterbergofManufacturersAlliance/MAPI,aresearchfirm,haspointedout,theU.S’sshareofglobalmanufacturingoutputhasactuallyincreasedslightlysince1980.

Thechiefforcereshapingmanufacturingistechnologicalchange(hastenedbycompetitionwithothercompaniesinCanada,Germanyordownthestreet).Thankstoinnovation,manufacturingproductivityhaddoubledovertwodecades.Employersnowrequirefewerbutmorehighlyskilledworkers.TechnologicalchangeaffectsChinajustasitdoestheAmerica.WilliamOverholtoftheRANDCorporationhasnotedthatbetween1994and2004theChineseshed25millionmanufacturingjobs,10timesmorethantheU.S.

Thecentralprocessdrivingthisisnotglobalization.It’stheskillsrevolution.We’removingintoamoredemandingcognitiveage.Inordertosurvive,peoplearecompelledtobecomebetteratabsorbing,processingandcombinginformation.Thisishappeninginlocalizedandglobalizedsectors,anditwouldbehappeningevenifyoutoreupeveryfreetradedealeverinked.

Theglobalizationparadigmemphasizesthefactthatinformationcannowtravel15,000milesinaninstant.Butthemostimportantpartofinformation’sjourneyisthelastfewinches—thespacebetweenaperson’seyesorearsandthevariousregionsofthebrain.Doestheindividualhavethecapacitytounderstandtheinformation?Doesheorshehavethetrainingtoexploitit?Arethereculturalassumptionsthatdistortthewayitisperceived?

Theglobalizationparadigmleadspeopletoseeeconomicdevelopmentasaformofforeignpolicy,asagrandcompetitionbetweennationsandcivilizations.Theseabstractions,called“theChinese”or“theIndians”,aredoingthisorthat.Butthecognitiveageparadigmemphasizespsychology,cultureandpedagogy—thespecificprocessesthatfosterlearning.Itemphasizesthatdifferentsocietiesarebeingstressedinsimilarwaysbyincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.Ifyouunderstandthatyouarelivingatthebeginningofacognitiveage,you’refocusingontherealsourceofprosperityandunderstandthatyouranxietyisnotbeingcausedbyaforeigner.

It’snotthatglobalizationandtheskillsrevolutionarecontradictoryprocesses.Butwhichparadigmyouembracedetermineswhichfactsandremediesyouemphasize.Politicians,especiallyDemocraticones,havefalleninlovewiththeglobalizationparadigm.It’stimetomovebeyondit.

1.Themeaningoftheword“laud”inparagraph1canbestexplainedby____.

2.Inparagraph2,“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”means____.

3.Accordingtothewriter,____isthecentralforcetobeprosperous.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

5.Amongthestatementsaboutglobalizationandcognitiveage,whichoneisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.laughat

B.praise

C.objectto

D.agreewith

问题2选项

A.playingfieldsarerankedaccordingtotechnologicallevels

B.technologyisacontributivefactortoplayer’ssuccess

C.technologyisadecisiveelementinglobalcompetition

D.technologyisdestroyingplayingground

问题3选项

A.information

B.globalization

C.economicchange

D.skillsrevolution

问题4选项

A.Theeconomicanxietywillbealleviatedbyrewritingtradedeals.

B.TheshareofU.S.inglobalmanufacturingoutputhasbeenonarisesince1980.

C.Developingcountries,aswellasdevelopedcountries,areaffectedbytechnologicalchange.

D.Companiescanhavecloseaccesstolocalmarketsthroughopeningfactoriesoverseas.

问题5选项

A.Globalizationandcognitiveageparadigmsarecontrarytoeachother.

B.Cognitiveageparadigmattachesstresstothetravellingofinformation.

C.Globalizationisaformofforeignpolicythatblamesforeignersforbringingeconomicanxiety.

D.Cognitiveageparadigmemphasizestheimportanceandincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Themeaningoftheword“laud”inparagraph1canbestexplainedby____.第一段中“laud”一词的含义可以用____来解释。

A.laughatA.嘲笑

B.praiseB.赞美

C.objecttoC.反对

D.agreewithD.同意

【答案】B

【考查点】词汇推断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词paragraph1和laud定位到原文第一段第二句，该句提到“有些人会____它。”该句前文提到“如果你走进一个好的图书馆，你会发现成千上万的关于全球化的书（booksonglobalization）”，后文提到“一些人会警告它的危险（warnaboutitsdangers）。但他们会同意（agree）全球化是推动我们这个时代的主要进程。”由此可知，“它”指的是前文出现的“全球化”，“laud”是一些人对全球化的态度，并且与后文“警告它的危险”形成对比，并且，总的来说，他们是同意“全球化推动时代进程的作用”这一观点的，因此，B选项“赞美”最符合原文。原词laud“赞美”。

【干扰项排除】A选项“嘲笑”、C选项“反对”、D选项“同意”，不符合原文。

第2题:【选项释义】

Inparagraph2,“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”means____.第2段中，“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”这句话的含义是____。

A.playingfieldsarerankedaccordingtotechnologicallevelsA.竞争环境是根据技术水平排名的

B.technologyisacontributivefactortoplayer’ssuccessB.技术是竞争者成功的一个重要因素

C.technologyisadecisiveelementinglobalcompetitionC.技术是全球竞争的决定性因素

D.technologyisdestroyingplayinggroundD.技术正在破坏竞争环境

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词paragraph2定位到原文第二段。“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield”是本段倒数第二句话。前文提到“曾经像美国、欧洲国家这样的大国，它们的经济可以在本国边界内得到保障”，后文提到“竞争是全球性的和激烈的”，引用部分的语义为“但是现在资本自由流动，Technology(技术)hasleveledtheplayingfield(竞争环境)”。由此可知，以前的竞争只是在本国，美国和欧洲大国的经济可以得到保障；“资本自由流动”产生的结果是“竞争是全球性的”，“Technology(技术)hasleveledtheplayingfield(竞争环境)”表达的“技术对竞争环境造成的影响”产生的结果是“竞争是激烈的”。Level的意思是“使平等”，这句话表达，技术使所有的国家，无论大小，都可以平等地参与竞争，正因为如此，全球竞争更激烈了。因此，B选项“技术是竞争者成功的一个重要因素”符合原文，该选项体现了技术的重要性。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“竞争环境是根据技术水平排名的”，本段并没有讲竞争环境的排名，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“技术是全球竞争的决定性因素”，该选项虽然也体现了技术的重要性，但是“决定性因素”的表述太具体，原文并没有相关表述，如果用“重要因素”会更好，该选项属于过度推理；

D选项“技术正在破坏竞争环境”，所有国家都能平等地参与竞争，竞争环境应该是变好了，而不是破坏竞争环境，该选项属于反向干扰。

第3题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothewriter,____isthecentralforcetobeprosperous.作者认为，____是实现繁荣的核心力量。

A.informationA.信息

B.globalizationB.全球化

C.economicchangeC.经济变革

D.skillsrevolutionD.技能革命

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thecentralforcetobeprosperous定位到原文第十二段最后一句，该句提到“如果你明白你正生活在一个认知时代（acognitiveage）的开端，你就会专注于繁荣的真正来源（therealsourceofprosperity）”原文第十段前四句提到“推动这一进程的核心（Thecentralprocessdrivingthis）不是全球化。这就是技能革命（skillsrevolution）。我们正进入一个要求更高的认知时代（amoredemandingcognitiveage）。为了生存，人们不得不变得更善于吸收、处理和梳理信息。”第九段第一句也提到“重塑制造业的主要力量是技术变革（technologicalchange）”。因此，D选项“技能革命”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“信息”，可定位到原文第十段“为了生存，人们不得不变得更善于吸收、处理和梳理信息”，但是本段主要是在强调“技术革命”的重要性，该选项属于本末倒置；

B选项“全球化”，原文第七段前两句提到“全球化（Globalization）是真实而重要的。这并不是推动经济变革的核心力量（notthecentralforcedrivingeconomicchange）”，由此可知，全球化不是最重要的，该选项属于本末倒置；

C选项“经济变革”，可定位到原文第七段第二句，该句提到“这（全球化）并不是推动经济变革（economicchange）的核心力量”，原文只在此处提到了“经济变革”，但不是原句的重点，该选项属于本末倒置。

第4题:【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?下列哪一项是不正确的？

A.Theeconomicanxietywillbealleviatedbyrewritingtradedeals.A.通过修改贸易协议，经济焦虑将得到缓解。

B.TheshareofU.S.inglobalmanufacturingoutputhasbeenonarisesince1980.B.自1980年以来，美国在全球制造业产出中所占的份额一直在上升。

C.Developingcountries,aswellasdevelopedcountries,areaffectedbytechnologicalchange.C.发展中国家和发达国家都受到技术变革的影响。

D.Companiescanhavecloseaccesstolocalmarketsthroughopeningfactoriesoverseas.D.企业通过在海外开设工厂可以离当地市场更近。

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词NOTTRUE可知，本题要求选择的是表述不符合原文的一项。A选项“通过修改贸易协议，经济焦虑将得到缓解”，可定位到原文第十段最后一句，该句提到“这（技能革命）正在本地化和全球化领域发生，即使你撕毁了所有签署的自由贸易协议（evenifyoutoreupeveryfreetradedeal），这也会发生（itwouldbehappening）。”由此可知，“修改贸易协议”于事无补，该选项表述错误，符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“自1980年以来，美国在全球制造业产出中所占的份额一直在上升”，可定位到原文第八段最后一句，该句提到“正如……所指出的，自1980年以来，美国在全球制造业产出中所占的份额实际上略有上升（actuallyincreasedslightly）。”由此可知，该选项表述正确，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；

C选项“发展中国家和发达国家都受到技术变革的影响”，可定位到原文第九段倒数第二句，该句提到“技术变革（Technologicalchange）对中国（China）的影响不亚于对美国（America）的影响。”中国是发展中国家，美国是发达国家，由此可知，技术变革对发展中国家和发达国家都有影响，该选项表述正确，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；

D选项“企业通过在海外开设工厂可以离当地市场更近”，可定位到原文第七段最后一句，该句提到“公司在海外开设工厂，但这主要是为了它们的生产设施可以接近当地市场（beclosetolocalmarkets）。”由此可知，该选项表述正确，不符合题意，属于反向干扰。

第5题:【选项释义】

Amongthestatementsaboutglobalizationandcognitiveage,whichoneisTRUE?在关于全球化和认知时代的说法中，哪一个是正确的？

A.Globalizationandcognitiveageparadigmsarecontrarytoeachother.A.全球化模式和认知时代模式是相互矛盾的。

B.Cognitiveageparadigmattachesstresstothetravellingofinformation.B.认知时代模式强调信息的传播。

C.Globalizationisaformofforeignpolicythatblamesforeignersforbringingeconomicanxiety.C.全球化是一种指责外国人带来的经济焦虑的外交政策。

D.Cognitiveageparadigmemphasizestheimportanceandincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.D.认知时代模式强调人力资本的重要性、强调对人力资本不断增加的需求。

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词globalizationandcognitiveage和TRUE可知，本题要求选择关于“全球化”和“认知时代”的正确表述。D选项“认知时代模式强调人力资本的重要性、强调对人力资本不断增加的需求”，可定位到原文第十二段倒数第二、三句，该句提到“但认知时代模式强调（thecognitiveageparadigmemphasizes）心理学、文化和教育学——促进学习的具体过程。它强调，不同的社会正以相似的方式受到对人力资本需求增加的压力（increaseddemandsonhumancapital）。”由此可知，“强调促进学习的具体过程”体现了对人力资本本身的强调，而后者体现了对人力资本需求增加的强调。综上所述，D选项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“全球化模式和认知时代模式是相互矛盾的”，可定位到原文最后一段第一句，该句提到“并不是说全球化（globalization）和技能革命（theskillsrevolution）是相互矛盾的过程。”由此可知，全球化和技能革命不是相互矛盾的；原文第十段第二、三句提到“这就是技能革命（skillsrevolution）。我们正进入一个要求更高的认知时代（amoredemandingcognitiveage）”，由此可知，认知时代模式是技能革命带来的，那么全球化模式和认知时代模式应该也不是相互矛盾的。因此，该选项表述错误，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；

B选项“认知时代模式强调信息的传播”，可定位到原文第十一段第一句，该句提到“全球化模式强调（Theglobalizationparadigm）了这样一个事实：信息现在可以在瞬间传播1.5万英里”，由此可知，强调信息传递的是“全球化模式”，而不是“认知时代模式”，该选项张冠李戴，表述错误，不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

C选项“全球化是一种指责外国人带来的经济焦虑的外交政策”，可定位到原文第十二段第一句，该句提到“全球化模式（Theglobalizationparadigm）使人们将经济发展（seeeconomicdevelopment）视为外交政策的一种形式（asaformofforeignpolicy），视为国家和文明之间的一场激烈竞争。”，由此可知，原文只是说人们把全球化“看成”一种外交政策的形式，并不是说它真的是一种外交政策，该选项偷换概念，表述错误，不符合题意，属于反向干扰。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

谁能否认海的伟大呢？我爱海，并不仅仅因为她的颜色美丽，和藏在海底那许多有趣的玩意儿，而是爱她的胸襟广阔，化污秽为清洁。她容纳无数的细流，尽管她们的颜色有黑的也有黄的，一旦流到了海的怀抱，便立刻变成碧绿的了。碧绿是代表和平，代表一种静美。一个人，哪怕他的脾气有如虎狼那么凶暴，我相信如果常住在海滨，一定会变得和羔羊一般驯良；同时，那些心怀狭隘的人，如果常与海做朋友，我相信他也会改变成豪爽，痛快的性格。

我对于海，好像着了魔似的一天比一天迷恋起来，我爱它，甚至一天也不能离开它。有时清早起来便奔向海滨，迎着血红的太阳由海边升起；有时特地在阳光将要落山的吋候，去领略海滩的黄昏滋味。我更爱看菇立在海中央的灯塔，我佩服那守灯塔的人，他每天机械地守住自己的岗位，给与往来的航行者一种光明的指示；假若没有他，这海而将被黑暗所包围，来往的船只，随吋都有触着暗礁的危险。

【答案】Thereisnodenyingthemightinessofthesea.Ilovehernotonlybecauseshehasthebeautifulhuesandmanyintriguingobjectshiddendeepunderneathher,butalsobecausesheisbroadandliberalenoughtoturnthefoulintothepure.Thenumeroussmallriversthatsheaccommodatesmaybeofablackoryellowcolor,butoncetheyflowintoherbosom,theyinstantlytakeonthegreencolorsignifyingpeaceandtranquility.Apersonwithaterrifyinghottemperwillbecome,Ibelieve,asmeekasalambafteralongstaybytheseashore.Likewise,Ibelieveanarrow-mindedpersonwillbecometolerantandopen-heartedifheoftenkeepscompanywiththesea.

3.案例题

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不断积累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

A.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth.

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】1.A

2.D

3.B

4.B

5.D

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，在发达国家中，只有两个国家不提供带薪照顾新生儿的假期保障。去年澳大利亚也建立了带薪探亲假，而在美国却还是没有这项政策。所以根据第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，选项A符合原文。

2.

根据关键词“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”选项D正确。

3.

根据第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”选项B与原文描述相符。

4.

根据第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”选项B与原文描述相符，正确。

5.

根据第四段的内容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”将养育子女归为一种个人选择，没有集体责任，这不仅仅是忽视良好养育的社会效益，实际上是在窃取这些福利。选项D这实际上是一个社会事业符合原文。

4.单选题

Therateatwhichsoilcanabsorbwater（

）withcontinuouswetting,sothelongera（

）lasts,orthegreatertherateofprecipitation,thehigherthepercentageofwaterthatwillflowacrossthegroundasrunoffandenterstreamchannels.

问题1选项

A.rises...deluge

B.diminishes...drought

C.increases...shower

D.decreases...rainstorm

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析和名词词义辨析。rise“提升，增加”；deluge“洪水，暴雨”；diminish“使减少，使变小”；drought“干旱，缺乏”；increase“增加，增长”；shower“淋浴，阵雨”；decrease“减少，减小”；rainstorm“暴风雨，大暴雨”。句意：土壤吸收水分的速度随着湿度加大而降低，所以暴雨持续时间较长，降水率越大，地面径流和汇入河流的水就越多。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Inmostdevelopedcountries,menhavehighersalaries,onaverage,thanwomen.Muchofthesalarydifferentialresultsfromthetendencyofwomentobeinlower-payingoccupations.Thequestionofwhetherthisoccupationalemploymentpatterncanbeattributedtosexdiscriminationisacomplexone.Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.SuccessfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNoblePrize-winningacademics;giftedartistsoftencannotearnenoughtosurvive,whilemediocreinvestmentbankersprosper.Givensuchdifferences,thequestionnaturallyarises:talentandabilitybeingequal,whydoesanyone—manorwoman—enteralow-payingoccupation?Oneobviousanswerispersonalchoice.Anindividualmayprefer,forexample,toteachmathatamodestsalaryratherthantobecomeamorehighlypaidelectricalengineer.

Somepeoplearguethatpersonalchoicealsoexplainssex-relatedwagedifferentials.Accordingtothisexplanation,manywomen,becausetheyplaceahighpriorityonparentingandperforminghouseholdservices,choosecertaincareersinwhichtheyarefreetoenterandleavetheworkforcewithminimumpenalty.Theymaychoosetoacquireskills,suchastypingandsalesclerking,thatdonotdepreciaterapidlywithtemporaryabsencesfromtheworkforce.Theymayavoidoccupationalspecialtiesthatrequireextensivetrainingperiods,longandunpredictablehours,andwillingnesstorelocate,allofwhichmakespecializationindomesticactivitiesproblematic.Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.

Analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwagedifferentialsisthatwomendonotvoluntarilychooselower-payingoccupationsbutareforcedintothembyemployersandsocialprejudices.Accordingtoproponentsofthisview,employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.Moregenerally,subtlesociety-wideprejudicesmayinducewomentoavoidcertainoccupationsinfavorofothersthatareconsideredmoresuitable.Indeed,the“choice”ofwomentospecializeinparentingandperforminghouseholdservicesmayitselfresultfromthesesubtleprejudices.Whetherthediscriminationisbyemployersinaparticularoccupationorbysocietyasawholeisirrelevant;theeffectwillbethesame.Further,ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.

1.Instatingthat“successfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNobelPrize-winningacademics”,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Whichoneofthefollowingcasesisleastlikelytoinvolvesexdiscrimination,asitisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthebestcompletionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsexdiscriminationasanexplanationforwagedifferentialscanbestbecharacterizedas（

）.

5.Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Demonstratethateducationhaslittletodowithmakingmoney

B.Suggestthatpeoplewithtalentandabilityshouldnotenterlow-payingoccupations

C.Showthathighlypaidoccupationsgenerallyrequirelonghoursandextensivetraining

D.Giveanexampleofhowcertainoccupationsarebetterpaidthanothersregardlessofinherentworthortalentrequired

问题2选项

A.Anemployerhiresamanratherthananequallyqualifiedwoman.

B.Awomanchoosestoenterahigh-payingoccupationthatuseshertalentandability.

C.Awomanchoosesanoccupationthatisalreadydominatedbywomen.

D.Awomanchoosesalow-payingjobthatallowshertodevotemoretimetoherfamily.

问题3选项

A.Wagedifferentialswillbecomemoreexaggeratedandeconomicparitybetweenmenandwomenlessandlesspossible.

B.Unlesssocietychangesitsviews,womenmayneverescapetheconfinesofthefewoccupationsdesignated“ForWomenOnly”.

C.Thequestionis:howlongwillwomenallowthemselvestobeexcludedfrommale-dominatedoccupations?

D.Inthelastanalysis,womenmayneedtoaskthemselvesiftheycanreallyaffordtoallowsexdiscriminationtocontinue.

问题4选项

A.skepticalthatdiscriminationisafactor

B.criticalofsociety’sacceptanceofdiscrimination

C.convincedthattheproblemwillgetworse

D.neutralwithrespecttoitsvalidity

问题5选项

A.WageDifferentialsBetweenMenandWomen

B.WomeninLow-PayingOccupations:DoTheyHaveaChoice?

C.Homevs.Office:HowDoestheModemWomenChoose?

D.TheRoleofSocialPrejudiceinWomen’sCareers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。“Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.事实上，职业之间的工资差距是常态，而不是例外”与D项“举例说明某些职业的薪水如何比其他职业高，而不考虑其内在价值或所需的才能。”相符。

2.细节事实题。定位到最后一段开头“employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.歧视女性的雇主可能会拒绝为薪酬相对较高的女性安排工作”以及“Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根据这一解释，妇女选择减少对发展其职业潜力的投资，减少在家庭以外的努力，就必须付出工资较低的代价。但是妇女不能被认为是歧视的受害者，因为她们更喜欢低收入的职业而不是高收入的职业。”可知D项“女人选择一份薪水低的工作，这样她就能有更多的时间来陪伴家人。”是自愿的行为。

3.推理判断题。“ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.如果这种歧视真的发生了，那么女性之间的竞争会扩大，这样以女性为主的公司就会有工资方面的问题。”由全文可知性别差异导致工资差异不断扩大，女性和男女经济平等是越来越不可能的事情。A项“工资差距将变得越来越大，男女经济平等的可能性越来越小。”符合题意。

4.观点态度题。纵观全文，都是不同的人对性别差异这个问题在进行探讨“somepeopleargue”或者“analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwage”,作者对该问题的态度并没有清晰地表现出来。

5.主旨大意题。由Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-paying