考研考博-英语-惠州学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-惠州学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

InNovember1970YukioMishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticShieldSocietywhichhehadfoundedin1966,brokeintotheheadquartersofJapan’sEasternDefenseForcesarmedwithswordsanddaggers,overpoweredsomeaides,tiedupthecommandinggeneral,anddemandedthatthetroopsbeassembledtohearaspeech.Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStatesthathad,inhiswords,“turnedJapanspineless”.Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse,hereturnedtothegeneral’sofficeandthere,beforethegeneral’sunbelievingeyes,proceededtokillhimselfinstrictaccordancewiththetraditionalsamurairitualofseppuku.AfterMishimahaddrivenadaggerdeepintohisleftabdomen,oneofhisaidesseveredhisheadwithasword.Theaidelikewisekilledhimselfandwasbeheaded;theotherssurrendered.

In1936therehadbeenasimilarrevoltand,thoughequallyunsuccessful,ithadforeshadowedtherepressiveregimeofGeneralTojothatwastostagetheattackonPearlHarborin1941.ThatearlierrevoltistheonereferredtoinPatriotism,oneofMishima’smostpowerfulstories.Herelifeandfictionbecomejoined.TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,“theultimatedreamofmylife.”Bornofanancientsamuraifamily,helongedtodieahero’sdeathinaccordancewiththeancientsamuraicode;buthisweakbodykepthimfromserviceinthewar,andhehadtocompensatethroughbodybuilding(hebecameexpertatkarateandkendo)and,mostimportant,throughthedisciplineofwriting.Inhisshortlifetimeheturnedouttwentynovels,thirtyplays,manyessays,andmorethaneightystories:healsoproduced,directed,andactedinmovies,andevensangonstage.Hisfirstbookofstories,AForestinFlower,appearedin1943,butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),dealingwiththemeditationsofayoungmanofhomosexualleaningsinarepressivesociety,thatbroughthimfame.

Mishimahasbeencalled“Japan’sHemingway,”whileothershavecomparedhimto“aesthetic”writerslikeWalterPeterandOscarWilde.

1.Thearticleimpliesthat（）.

2.TheaimoftherebelledbyMishimawas（）.

3.Inthe1970rebel,thespeechmadebyMishima（）.

4.Whatistrueaccordingtothearticle?

5.Mishimabecameawell-knownwriterafterhehad（）.

问题1选项

A.Mishimarefusedtojointhearmywhenhewasyoung

B.Mishimahasbeenregardedasalunaticwriter

C.Mishimaisapersonwhoishardtodefine

D.criticsallagreethatMishimaisanaestheticwriter

问题2选项

A.tocapturethecommandinggeneral

B.tourgethegovernmenttodeclareawaragainstAmerica

C.toincitethesoldierstorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernment

D.toforcetheEmperortogiveupthethrone

问题3选项

A.waswellreceivedbythesoldiers

B.waslaughedatbythesoldiers

C.impressedthecommandinggeneral

D.leftadeepimpressiontothesoldiers

问题4选项

A.ThegeneralknewthatMishimahadlongedtodieahero’sdeath.

B.ThegeneralwasgreatlytakenabackbyMishima’ssuicideattempt.

C.SomesoldierssurrenderedafterMishima,sspeech.

D.OneofMishima’saideswaskilledbythesoldiers.

问题5选项

A.written“Patriotism,”oneofhismostpowerfulstories

B.writteneightyshortstories

C.published“AForestinFlower”

D.published“ConfessionofaMask”

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据原文内容可知，本文主要是讲YukioMishima的生平，选项A与原文不符；选项B和D太片面，选项C更准确，所以本题选C。

2.细节判断题。根据关键词“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStates...”Mishima向军队发表了十分钟的演讲，煽动他们反抗美国强加给他们的立宪政府。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse”可知Mishima发表演讲后只得到嘲笑的回应，选项B符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第二段“TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,‘theultimatedreamofmylife.’”切腹自尽对Mishima来说是一种实现，实现的是他“生命中的终极梦想”。也就是说他渴望像英雄一样死去，选项A正确。选项B在文中没有提及；选项C,D均与原文不符。所以本题选A。

5.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),...,thatbroughthimfame.”可知选项D正确。

2.单选题

Mamapracticed______bydressingthekidsinhand-me-downsratherthaninnewclothes.

问题1选项

A.avarice

B.thrift

C.benevolence

D.luxury

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项avarice表示“贪婪，贪财”，B项thrift表示“节俭，节约”，C项benevolence表示“仁慈，善行”，D项luxury表示“奢侈，奢华，奢侈品”。根据dressingthekidsinhand-me–downs（给孩子们穿旧衣服）可知，“节俭”符合语境。句意：妈妈节俭，给孩子们穿旧衣服，而不是新衣服。因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.单选题

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

问题1选项

A.puthimthrough

B.turnedhimout

C.gavehimup

D.cuthimshort

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项putthrough“接通，完成”；B选项turnout“结果是”；C选项giveup“放弃”；D选项cutshort“打断，缩减”。句意：杰克正要宣布我们的计划，但我打断了他。选项D更符合语境。

4.单选题

Theyhave____mostcarefullythetimeandthematerialsneededtocompletetheproject.

问题1选项

A.pickedout

B.leftout

C.takenout

D.figuredout

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pickedout辨认出；挑选B.leftout排除

C.takenout除掉；带某人出去（吃饭或看电影等）D.figuredout计算出；想出；弄明白

【答案】D

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：他们已经非常仔细地……完成这项工程所需的时间和材料。根据句意，完成这项工程所需的时间和材料是需要他们仔细地计算出来的。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。

【句意】他们已经非常仔细地计算出完成这项工程所需的时间和材料。

5.单选题

Theartisthasmadea()ofcombiningthefirst-ratephotographyanddesignwithadvancedtechnologyineverypieceofworkheproduces.

问题1选项

A.discipline

B.principle

C.proposal

D.principal

【答案】A

【解析】discipline学科，纪律，训练，惩罚；principle原则，原理；proposal建议，提议；principal首长，校长。句意：这位艺术家在他的每一件作品中都把一流的摄影和设计与先进的技术结合起来。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Thisemphasisonan"English"traditionhascomeundercontinuousattackduringthelasttwentyyearsorso;duringtheirundergraduatetrainingmanyyoungteachersofEnglishwillhavediscussedtheassumptionsthatunderliesuchconcernforourcultural（）.

问题1选项

A.inhabitants

B.heritage

C.inheritors

D.hereditary

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。inhabitant“居民”，heritage“遗产；传统；继承权”，inheritor“继承人；后继者”，hereditary“遗传类”。句意：在他们的本科培训中，许多年轻的英语老师将讨论这些假设，这些假设是我们对文化传统关心的基础。选项B符合题意。

7.翻译题

感恩是一项重要的处事哲学，是生活的大智慧。人生在世，不可能事事顺通。对于各种失败和不幸，我们要豁达大度，勇敢面对，并想办法解决。面对困难，我们是懊恼抱怨，沮丧气馁，陷入绝望，还是对生活满怀感恩之心，跌倒后再爬起来呢？如果对生活感恩，你的生命将充满灿烂的阳光；如果一味怨恨，终将一无所获。

【答案】Itisanimportantphilosophyoflifeandagreatwisdomtobegrateful.Noonecanalwaysbeluckyandsuccessfulinhislife.Facedwithallkindsoffailureandmisfortune,weshouldbegenerousandbrave,andtrytosolvetheseproblems.Whenwearetrappedindifficulty,shouldwecomplainaboutitandbecomefrustratedorshouldwebegratefulforourlifeandstartagainafterfallingdown?Ifyouaregratefulforlife,yourlifewillbefullofbrightsunshine.Onthecontrary,ifyoualwayscomplainaboutlife,you’llgainnothingfinally.

8.单选题

Didyounoticeherpaleface?Ithinkshewasnotquite（

）atthepartyyesterday.

问题1选项

A.her

B.she

C.herself

D.itself

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。benotoneself“表示身体不舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。

9.单选题

ToreturnGermanpropertytoGermanyiscertainlyjustand____.However,toclaimthatthepaintingsofRembrandandVermeerarepartofGermany’sculturalheritageoverstatesthematter.

问题1选项

A.decent

B.exhilarating

C.eruptive

D.combative

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.decent体面的；正派的B.exhilarating令人高兴或兴奋的

C.eruptive爆发的D.combative好战的

【答案】B

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填的形容词修饰的是“把德国的财产还给德国”这件事，能修饰这件事的是B选项exhilarating“令人高兴或兴奋的”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项decent指人正直的、正派的，或人的行为举止得体的、体面的，或某物像样的、体面的，与被修饰语搭配不当；

C选项eruptive“爆发的”，与被修饰语搭配不当；

D选项combative“好战的”，与被修饰语搭配不当。

【句意】把德国的财产归还德国当然是公正的、令人高兴的。然而，声称伦勃朗（Rembrand）和维米尔（Vermeer）的画作是德国文化遗产的一部分，就言过其实了。

10.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate-asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.PeopleofFilipinoorigin

C.TheKaLahuigroup

D.Peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

C.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

D.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

B.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

问题4选项

A.TheKaLahuigroup

B.TheHawaiiannatives

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs

D.AmericanIndiannatives

问题5选项

A.greaterautonomywithinthestate

B.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

C.morebackrentonthecrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.夏威夷本土少数民族要求更多处理本地事物的自主权。”和第二段“ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.1898年美国吞并夏威夷岛后，夏威夷岛的原住民情况比其他种族的情况变得更糟糕。”故由此推断这里的本土少数民族是指夏威夷岛原住民，正确答案选A。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上，失业率更高，他们的寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年。他们是唯一没有一定程度自治权的美国主要土著群体。”选项A、B和C描述均过于绝对，故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.但是，夏威夷第一任本土出生的州长约翰怀希，设立主权咨询委员会，极大地促进了夏威夷原住民的发展事业，以此建议夏威夷原住民自己决定是否建立一个主权独立的夏威夷国家。”由此可知选项B文章中没有提到，故正确答案选B。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.这一工作得到夏威夷事务办公室的支持，此机构1978年成立是为原住民服务，现在成了本土主权运动的温和派”，由此可知夏威夷事务办公室在自主权问题上态度温和而不激进。正确答案选C。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段末“MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.”1987年夏威夷原住民中的一个比较激进的种族宣布脱离美国管辖，成立独立王国。故正确答案应该为C。

11.单选题

Koizumi'sannualvisitstothenotoriousshrinehavesparkeda_______ofcondemnationandprotestsfromChinaandtheROKbecausetheshrinehonours14Class-Awarcriminals.

问题1选项

A.splash

B.flurry

C.particle

D.stain

【答案】B

【解析】splash污点;flurry骚动,慌张,aflurryof—阵……；particle颗粒;stain污点,瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要参拜臭名昭著的神社，引发了中韩人民的谴责和抗议，因为神社供奉着14名甲级战犯。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?

问题1选项

A.doyouthinkhashappenedforher?

B.doyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris?

C.doyouthinkheearnseverymonth?

D.wouldyousayhewouldcome?

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子成分。题干：下面哪个斜体部分被用作宾语？

A选项what作主语；B选项who作表语；C选项howmuch作宾语；D选项howquickly作状语。

13.单选题

Toiletwaters,colognes（科隆水）andperfumesallhavepleasingaromas（香味）.Whenpurchasingthematastore,however,youwillfindthateachofthethreehasadifferentpricerange.Theiraromasarecreatedbyperfumeoils.Thesecanbeverycostly.Toiletwater,whichistheleastexpensive,containsabouttwopercentperfumeoil.Cologne,whichisslightlymoreexpensive,hasthreetofivepercentperfumeoil.Perfume,containingfromtentotwentypercentperfumeoil,isthemostexpensive.

Perfumeoils,alsocalled"essentialoils",providethespecialodorsofperfumes.Theseoilscomefromtheflowers,leaves,stems,roots,andseedsofplants.Oneofthemostdesirableessentialoilscomesfromthejasmine.Attarisoneofthemostexpensiveoils.Itisobtainedfromauniquerose.ThisspecialflowergrowsonlyinBulgariaandTurkey.

Anotheringredientofperfumeiscalledafixative——asubstancethatmakesthearomaoftheessentialoilslong-lasting.Thebestfixativesarequiteexpensive.Thisisbecausetheycanbeobtainedonlyfromcertainanimals.MuskcomesfromthescentglandofthemuskdeerthatlivesinAsia.Castorcomesfrombeavers,andcivetistakenfromcivetcats.Ambergris,therarestoffixatives,isasubstancesometimesfoundinspermwhales.

Thelasttwoingredientsinperfumes,however,arenotcostly.Almostallperfumescontainsyntheticsubstancesthatareobtainedfromcoaltarorchemicals.Allperfumesalsocontainalcohol,inwhichtheotheringredientsaredissolved.Thegreatertheamountofsyntheticmaterialsandalcohol,thecheapertheperfumeistomake.

Someperfumes,thereforecanbeveryexpensive,whileotherscancostless.Themoreexpensiveonesareusedforcosmetics:lipsticks,powders,lotions,andofcourse,thefragrantliquiddabbedorsprayedonthebody.Thelessexpensiveonesareusedinindustry.Theyarekeyingredientsinthemakingofpaper,plastics,paint,andrubberproducts,whichotherwisewouldhaveunpleasantodors.

1.Toiletwaters,colognesandperfumesaredifferentinpricesbecause（

）.

2.Themajoringredientsofperfumesare

（

）.

3.Thebestfixativesareveryexpensivebecause

（

）.

4.Thefunctionofalcoholinperfumesisto

（

）.

5.Peopleuseperfumesinpaper-makinginorderto（

）.

问题1选项

A.theycontaindifferentpercentageofperfumeoil

B.theiraromasarecreatedbyperfumeoils

C.theirperfumeoilsareveryexpensive

D.youbuythematdifferentstores

问题2选项

A.perfumeoils,essentialoils,jasmine,attar

B.oilsfromtheflowers,leaves,stems,rootsandseedsofplants

C.perfumeoils,fixative,syntheticsubstancesandalcohol

D.musk,castor,civet,ambergris

问题3选项

A.animalsareveryexpensiveandrare

B.animalsliveindifferentareas

C.noteveryanimalcontainsperfume

D.itishardtogetthem

问题4选项

A.makeotheringredientsmixedwiththeliquid

B.makeotheringredientsdisappear

C.fadeaway

D.makeotheringredientsbecomesolid

问题5选项

A.reducethecost

B.makethepapermoreattractive

C.getridoftheunpleasantsmells

D.softenthepaper

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Toiletwater,whichistheleastexpensive,containsabouttwopercentperfumeoil.Cologne,whichisslightlymoreexpensive,hasthreetofivepercentperfumeoil.Perfume,containingfromtentotwentypercentperfumeoil,isthemostexpensive.（最便宜的花露水含有百分之二的芳香油。科隆香水稍微贵一点，有百分之三到五的芳香油。香水是最贵的，含有10%到20%的芳香油）可知A选项“它们含有不同百分比的芳香油”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theiraromasarecreatedbyperfumeoils.（它们的芳香是由芳香油产生的）、第三段中的Anotheringredientofperfumeiscalledafixative（香水的另一种成分叫做固香剂）和第四段中的Almostallperfumescontainsyntheticsubstancesthatareobtainedfromcoaltarorchemicals.Allperfumesalsocontainalcohol（几乎所有的香水都含有从煤焦油或化学物质中提取的合成物质。所有的香水都含有酒精）可知香水的主要主要成分为芳香油（perfumeoils）、固香剂（fixative）、合成物质（syntheticsubstances）和酒精（alcohol），因此选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Thisisbecausetheycanbeobtainedonlyfromcertainanimals.（这是因为它们只能从某些动物身上获得）可知C选项“不是所有的动物都有香味”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Allperfumesalsocontainalcohol,inwhichtheotheringredientsaredissolved.（所有的香水都含有酒精，其他成分都会溶解在其中）可知A选项“使其它成分混合其中”。

5.推理判断题。Thelessexpensiveonesareusedinindustry.Theyarekeyingredientsinthemakingofpaper,plastics,paint,andrubberproducts,whichotherwisewouldhaveunpleasantodors.（较便宜的香水在工业上使用。它们是制造纸张、塑料、油漆和橡胶制品的关键原料，否则会产生难闻的气味）可知C选项“去除难闻的气味”符合题意。

14.单选题

Thereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyand（）weare.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.rigorous

C.vicious

D.robust

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vulnerable“易受攻击的；易受伤害的”；B选项rigorous“严格的；严厉的”；C选项vicious“恶毒的；恶意的”；D选项robust“强健的；健康的”。句意：不论我们多么幸运、多么……，我们能存活多长时间是有限度的。根据前面的信息lucky“幸运的”，那么与之并列的形容词也应该为积极的词汇。由此可以排除A，B，C选项。而后面说到的是remainalive“活着”可以知道应该与描述身体的词汇有关。因此D选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

问题1选项

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

问题2选项

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

问题3选项

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

问题4选项

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的;它们在人际交往中非常重要，这是一个事实。A选项“在表达感情和交换思想方面是极为重要的”，B选项“可以看到一个人内心世界的东西”，C选项“在使谈话变得有趣方面具有相当重要的意义”，D选项“它的价值在很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题”。因此，A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一张有眼睛的真实的人脸可能不会让人发笑，而只看到一只眼睛的侧面也不会让人发笑。A选项“正面被完全感知”，B选项“脸上戴着面具”，C选项“从侧面看脸”，D选项“脸部没有任何遮盖物”。因此，C选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果对方没看，说话者就会认为对方不感兴趣，就会停下来等对方继续看他，或者终止谈话。A选项“一个人暂时把目光从另一个人身上移开”，B选项“眼神交流超过一秒”，C选项“不合时宜地停止眼神接触”，D选项“不断调整眼神接触”。因此，C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”当两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，就会清楚地看到这种眼动对保持谈话顺畅有多么重要:谈话中可能会出现由于打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿而造成的语塞，A选项“不要戴黑眼镜”，B选项“不要打岔”，C选项“不要把目光从对方身上移开”，D选项“不要出人意料地停顿”。因此，C选项符合题意。

16.翻译题

NickYoung创立了该刊物，并编辑英文版本，他说，上周多位北京警方和地方统计局的官员告知他该刊物进行了“未经批准的调查”，因此被认为违反了有关收集统计数据的1983年法律。杨先生说，在该刊物发行的十几年中，当局并未提供颁布此法令的明确原因。1.他说该刊物并未进行任何投票或调查，该法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止几乎任何需要与当地民众接触的信息收集。关闭该刊物的决定可能反映了中国对近几年增加的地方和国外资助民间团体的关注持续增加。2.某些民间团体已经降低了中国百姓维护合法权利的门槛，某些中国官员认为这些团体会导致社会的不安定。如果这些团体受政府资助而且不从事公开的政治活动，那么中国中央政府通常能够忍受。一些官员表示那些团体能够极大地帮助监测和抵制虐工等违法的行为。

3.《中国发展简报》无权在中国出版，雇员也未注册为新闻记者，这就意味着该刊物未在更大出版社的允许下已经存在较长时间。但杨先生说，当局已经监视他的事务多年，他相信他们理解向国外扶助机构提供客观信息符合中国利益。

【答案】1.Hesaidthatthenewsletterdidnotconductpollsorsurveysandthattheorderwasvagueenoughtoprohibitalmostanykindofinformationgatheringthatrequiredinteractionwithlocalcitizens.

2.SomecivicgroupshavehelpedpeopleonthelowerrungsofChinesesocietydefendtheirlegalrights,andsomeChineseofficialscontendthatthegroupshavecontributedtoasurgeinsocialunrest.

3.ChinaDevelopment