2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit1ScienceFiction单元主题训练新人教版选择性必修第四册

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！UNIT1单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解Aeq\a\vs4\al(2022·茂名模拟)Catchingnearly4,000wildbutterflieswithhandheldnetsandtakingthetemperatureofeachtinyinsectmustrankamongtheharderofscientificefforts.However,researchershavediscoveredsignificantdifferencesintheabilityofBritishbutterfliestomaintainasuitabletemperature,raisingfearsthatglobalheatingwillthreatenthepopulationsofsomespecies.Butterfliesareectotherms-unabletogeneratetheirownbodyheatandrequirewarmtemperaturestofly.However,extremetemperaturescanposeproblems,particularlyforthosebutterfliesthatmustfindshadyhabitatstoregulate(调节)theirbodytemperature.Thestudyshowsthatlarger,palerbutterfliesarebestabletoprotectthemselvesfromextremetemperatures,changingtheanglesoftheirreflectivewingsinrelationtothesuntodirectheatawayfromorontotheirbodies.Thesurroundingtemperatureofthebutterfly'sperch(栖息处),orairtemperature,wasalsotaken,whichindicatedthedegreetowhichbutterflieswereseekingspecificlocationstoregulatetheirbodytemperature.Darker,largespecieshavegreaterdifficultycontrollingtheirbodytemperature,buteventheyarebetterthan“thermalspecialists”，whichrelyonfindingaspotataspecifictemperatureinalandscape—a“microclimate”—tocontroltheirbodytemperature.“AfterbeingcaughtinbutterflynetsonBritishnaturereserves,the29differentspeciesofbutterflies'temperaturesweretakenwithafineprobe.Asweplanconservationmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsofclimatechange,itwillbeimportanttounderstandnotonlythehabitatrequirementsofdifferentbutterflyspecies,butalsotheirtemperaturerequirements，”saidDrEdTurner,oftheUniversityMuseumofZoology,Cambridge,wholedthework.“Withthisnewunderstandingofbutterflies,weshouldbeabletobettermanagehabitatsandlandscapestoprotectthem,andindoingsowe'reprobablyalsoprotectingotherinsectstoo.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家在测量蝴蝶体温时发现它们调节体温的能力差异很大，由此担心全球变暖会影响蝴蝶某些物种的数量。这些科学家还深入研究了蝴蝶调节体温的方法，以便保护蝴蝶和其他昆虫。1．Whydidscientiststakethetemperaturesofbutterflies?A．Toseeksolutionstoglobalheating.B．Touncoverclimatethreatstothem.C．Toclassifythemintodifferentspecies.D．Tostressthetoughnessofscientificresearch.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“然而，研究人员发现，英国蝴蝶在维持合适温度的能力上存在显著差异，这引发了人们对全球变暖将威胁某些物种数量的担忧”可知，这项实验揭露了气候变化对蝴蝶的威胁。2．Howdolarger,palerbutterfliesregulatetheirtemperature?A．Byanglingtheirwings.B．Bygeneratingthebodyheat.C．Bychoosingamicroclimate.D．Bymakinguseoftheircolour.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，体型更大、颜色更浅的蝴蝶是通过改变翅膀的角度来调节体温的。3．Onwhatbasisdobutterfliesseekspecificlocations?A．Findinganaturereserve.B．Attractingotherbutterflies.C．Adaptingtoclimatechange.D．Perceivingthesurroundings.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，科学家对蝴蝶栖息地周围环境的温度进行测量，得到了蝴蝶寻找特定位置来调节体温的程度的结论，从侧面表明蝴蝶寻找栖息地的时候对环境是有要求的。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Understandingof/aboutbutterfliesshouldbestrengthened.B．Bettermanagementofbutterflyhabitatsispopular.C．Protectingbutterfliescanleadtoadditionalbenefits.D．Goalsofprotectingbutterflieshavebeenachieved.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，保护蝴蝶的同时还可以保护其他昆虫，即保护蝴蝶还有额外的好处。Beq\a\vs4\al(2022·秦皇岛模拟)ThelandercarryingChina'sfirstMarsroversuccessfullytoucheddownontheredplanetearlySaturdaymorningBeijingTime.ItisthefirsttimethatChinahaslandedaprobeonaplanetotherthanEarth.Tianwen-1,consistingofanorbiter,alanderandarover,waslaunchedfromtheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSiteonthecoastofsouthernChina'sislandprovinceofHainanonJuly23,2020.ThisisthefirststepinChina'splanetaryexplorationofthesolarsystem,withthepurposeofcompletingorbiting,landingandrovingontheredplanetinonemission.ThenameTianwen,meaning“questionstoHeaven”，comesfromapoemwrittenbytheancientChinesepoetQuYuan(about340-278BC)．China'sfirstMarsroverisnamedZhurongafterthegodoffireinancientChinesemythology,whichechoeswiththeChinesenameoftheredplanet:Huoxing(theplanetoffire)．Tianwen-1waslaunchedviaaLongMarch-5rocket,China'slargestlaunchvehicle.Tianwen-1hasbeentravellinginspacefornearly10months.Ithascarriedoutfourorbitalcorrectionsandadeep-spacemaneuver.Ithadflown475millionkmandwas192millionkmfromEarthwhenitreachedMarsorbit.Thecraft'splummetthroughtheMartianatmosphere,lastingaboutnineminutes,wasextremelycomplicatedwithnogroundcontrol,andhadtobeperformedbythespacecraftautonomously.“Suchachallengingattemptischaracterizedbyasuccessionofcomplexactivitiesthatmustbeconductedcompletelybythespacecraftwithinaveryshortperiodoftime，”saidGengYan,anofficialwiththeLunarExplorationandSpaceProgramCenteroftheCNSA.“Whataddedtothedifficultieswasthatwedon'tknowmuchabouttheMartianatmosphere,whichbroughtalotofuncertaintiestothemission.Eachstephadonlyonechance,andtheactionswerecloselylinked.Iftherehadbeenanyflaw,thelandingwouldhavefailed.”语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了搭载中国首个火星探测器的着陆器“天问一号”成功着陆在红色星球上，这是中国第一次在地球以外的行星上着陆探测器。文章介绍了“天问一号”的任务、名字由来以及任务的艰巨性。5．WhatisthemissionofTianwen-1?A．TorecordthewindspeedonMars.B．ToexploretheatmosphereofMars.C．Tosearchforaliensinthesolarsystem.D．ToaccomplishthreemajortasksonMars.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，“天问一号”的任务是在火星上完成三项主要任务。6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．TheintroductionofthepoetQuYuan.B．ThereasonsforthecraftlandingonMars.C．TheoriginoftwonamesTianwenandZhurong.D．TheimportanceofancientChinesemythology.解析：选C段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲了天问、祝融两个名字的由来。7．WhatdothenumbersinParagraph4mainlyindicate?A．ThehugetaskofTianwen-1.B．ThesurroundingsoftheMarsorbit.C．Theexpenseoftravellinginspace.D．ThesizeoftheLongMarch-5rocket.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，第四段的数字主要为了表明“天问一号”的艰巨任务。8．WhatcanweknowfromGengYan'swords?A．China'sattempttoexploreMarsissuccessful.B．LandingonMarsisaverychallengingmove.C．Peopleareenthusiasticaboutexploringtheuniverse.D．Tianwen-1isessentialtoChina'sspacestationprogram.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段首句和尾句可推知，耿岩的话表明登陆火星是一个非常具有挑战性的举动。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Writingagreatsciencefictionnovelisalong,hardprocess.Aswithanynovel,you'llwanttoconstructasatisfyingplot,developinterestingcharacters,andwritepolished,vividprose.__9__Rememberthatsciencefictionisaboutideas.Differentfromothergenres(类型),agoodsciencefictionstorydependsonagreatimagination.__10__Insci-fi,thosequestionscanbeimplicitorexplicit.Forexample,manyearlyworksofsci-fimaketheirquestionobvious.InWaroftheWorlds,thequestionis:Whatwouldhappentohumansocietyifitwereinvadedbytechnologicallyadvancedaliens?__11__It'sonethingtohaveagreatideaorsituation,butthatdoesn'tmeanyouhaveastory.Whilesciencefictionnovelsareoftenthoughtexperiments,theyalsocan'tjustbethoughtexperiments.Thatmeansyou'regoingtohavetocomeupwithanappealingstorythatbringsthesequestionstolife.Askyourself:Whatisthechangethatwilloccuroverthecourseofyourstory,eitherintheworldorinthelifeofthemaincharacter?Createaninterestingworld.__12__Theintricately(错综复杂地)imagineddetailsthatmakeupyourworldshouldflowinsomewayfromtheideaattheheartofyourstory.Inthatway,theworldyoucreateinyoursci-finovelalsorevealssomethingaboutyourpointofviewontherealworld.Eventhemostfantasticallyimaginedstoryisstillareflectionofreal-worldquestionsandproblems.Makesuretherulesofyourworldareconsistent.Oneofthequalitiesthatsetsci-finovelsapartfromfantasyandsurrealism(超现实主义)isthatnomatterhowstrangeorfantastictheworldis,itstillobeysaninternallyconsistentlogic.__13__Butitmustbeunderstandableandinorderforittofeelbelievabletothereader.A．Focusoncharacterdevelopment.B．Makesureyou'retellingagoodstory.C．Thatsaid,writingsciencefictionrequiresmanyuniqueconsiderations.D．Thatlogicwillnecessarilybedifferentfromthelogicthatgovernsreality.E．Beforeyoustartwriting,havesomesenseofthequestionyournovelisasking.F．Asci-finovelsetinatechnologicallybackwardworldwouldviolatetherulesofthereality.G．Worldbuildingisoneofthemostimportantpartsofcreatingacompellingsci-fistory.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特的因素。9．选C上文“constructasatisfyingplot,developinterestingcharacters,andwritepolished,vividprose”说明写科幻小说和其他任何小说一样，你都想要构建一个令人满意的情节、展开有趣的人物、写出优美、生动的散文。C项中“Thatsaid”表示进一步解释，“requiresmanyuniqueconsiderations(需要很多独特的考虑因素)”是对上一句的补充说明。10．选E下文“Insci-fi,thosequestionscanbeimplicitorexplicit.”说明在科幻小说中，这些问题可以是含蓄的，也可以是明确的。其中“thosequestions”与E项中“havesomesenseofthequestion”相呼应；下文举例说明写科幻小说中所提出的问题。11．选B该空位于段首，应该是该段的主题句。下文“It'sonethingtohaveagreatideaorsituation,butthatdoesn'tmeanyouhaveastory.”说明有了好的想法和设定并不意味着有好的故事；B项中“tellingagoodstory”与下一句“haveastory”语义相符；下文的“comeupwithanappealingstory”也与B项中的“goodstory”相呼应。该段说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事情节。12．选GG项中“Worldbuilding”与该段首句语义相符；下文“theworldyoucreate...ontherealworld”说明科幻小说中创造出来的世界反映了现实世界的问题。G项与之相对应。13．选D上文中的“nomatterhowstrangeorfantastictheworldis,itstillobeysaninternallyconsistentlogic”说明无论这个世界多么奇怪或荒诞，它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑；D项中“Thatlogic”承接上文中的“aninternallyconsistentlogic”。Ⅲ.完形填空Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour__14__wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexample,whilewearelookingforwardto__15__anewplaceorcountry,we__16__whatitwillbelike.Wepredictthewaypeoplewilleat,dressandact.Ofcourse,wedonotalwayspredictthings__17__.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe__18__themtobe.Oneofthe__19__dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist,Kekule,whohadbeen__20__toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad__21__andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays,butthereseemedtobenowayof__22__outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe__23__up,herealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis__24__.Itissaidthatinordertofigureouttheprocess,thehypnotist(催眠师)satinthechairoppositehimandspoke__25__：“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoice,your__26__willgetheavier.Soonyou'llbeasleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand__27__mywords,butyourbodywillbeasleep,andwhenyouwakeupyouwillremembernothing.NowIamgoingto__28__slowlyfromonetofive.One,two,three,four,five...”语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过德国科学家Kekule做梦解题的故事，说明了人类思维的神奇能力。14．A.brains B．sensesC．minds D．sights解析：选C根据空前一句可知，人类思维最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力；据此可知，空处指“思维”，故C项正确。15．A.visiting B．seekingC．reaching D．discovering解析：选A根据该句中的“anewplaceorcountry”可推知，当我们期望去参观(visiting)某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象(imagine)那里会是什么样子。16．A.imagine B．knowC．feel D．guess解析：选A参见上题解析。17．A.quickly B．simplyC．correctly D．neatly解析：选C根据空后一句可知，事情总是不同于我们预料(expected)的那样；据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly)预测事情。18．A.required B．wishedC．left D．expected解析：选D参见上题解析。expect“预料，预期”。19．A.funny B．dullC．famous D．silly解析：选C该处陈述的是历史上著名的德国科学家Kekule的梦。故C项符合语境。20．A.managing B．tryingC．thinking D．hoping解析：选B根据该句语境可知，Kekule一直在努力解一道物理难题；trytodosth.意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故B项正确。21．A.studied B．learnedC．discussed D．searched解析：选A根据该句语境可知，他从多个角度研究(studied)和分析了这个难题。22．A.bringing B．findingC．turning D．letting解析：选B此处指似乎没有办法弄清答案。23．A.gave B．satC．woke D．got解析：选C根据空前一句“Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed”可知，空处所在句表示他醒来时意识到自己知道了答案。wakeup为固定短语，意为“醒来”，故C项正确。24．A.dream B．lessonC．research D．exercise解析：选A根据上文中的“hewenttobedanddreamed...heknewtheanswer”可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。25．A.softly B．loudlyC．slowly D．firmly解析：选A根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对Kekule进行催眠，故催眠师应是柔和地(softly)说着话。26．A.eyes B．feetC．head D．body解析：选A根据常识可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼皮会变得沉重。故选A项。27．A.believe B．repeatC．take D．understand解析：选D此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand“理解，明白”符合语境。28．A.count B．sayC．add D．speak解析：选A此处表示数数；A项意为“(按顺序)数数”，符合语境。Ⅳ.语法填空Thequestionof__1__inventedthecomputercannotbeansweredwithasinglename.Throughouthistory,manydifferentpeoplehavehelpedinthedevelopmentofthis__2__(value)machine.Andmanydatethefirstimportant__3__(invent)tothefourthcenturyBCwhentheabacuswasdeveloped.Itcouldbesaidthatthefirstcomputer__4__couldstoreprogramswasthe1949ElectronicDelayStorageAutomaticCalculator.It__5__(create)byMauriceWilkes.Fromthispointforward,manydevelopershelpedtomakevarioustypesofcomputer.Intheearly1970s,manyskilledinventors__6__(include)BillGates,SteveJobs，andSteveWozniakdidmuchtodeveloppersonalcomputersintheformofPCsandApples.Bythe1990s,ownershipofPCsbecamecommonasproductiongrew__7__(expensive)thanbefore.Also,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,thesizeofthesemachinesbecamesmallersothattheycould__8__(easy)beusedinhomes.Thereisnodoubt__9__therearesomanythinkersandinventorswhohelpedtodevelopthecomputer.Thereareevenlegalbattlesoverwhoshouldbeconsideredastheprimaryinventors.As__10__matteroffact，itistheirjointeffortsthatledtothedevelopmentofthismostusefulmachine.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为电脑的发明做出贡献的人。1．who考查宾语从句。分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，又由句意“谁发明了计算机”可知，用who来引导。2．valuable考查形容词。分析可知，空处作定语，修饰名词machine，故用形容词valuable。3．invention考查名词。分析可知，