2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit3SeaExploration单元主题训练新人教版选择性必修第四册

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！UNIT3单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解ACoralreefs(珊瑚礁)areanintegralpartofsealifeandsustainitbyprovidingshelterandhabitattovariousorganisms.Theyalsosupplyandrecyclenutrientsaswellasenableagrowingfishpopulation,alongwithotherspecies,forahealthyanddiverseecosystem.However,theriseinaveragewatertemperaturesduetoclimatechangehasresultedinmorefrequentandlong-time“coralbleaching(珊瑚白化)”eventsthatdamagetheirhealth,causingfishandotherseaspeciestoabandonthem.Inordertorestorethisdelicateecosystem,scientistsfromtheUKandAustraliaconductedastudythatinvolvedusingloudspeakersunderwaterneardamagedcoralreefstomakethemsoundhealthyandattractfish,potentiallykick-startingthenaturalrecoveryprocessofcoralreefsandtheirdependentlifeforms.ThelocationforthisexperimentwastheGreatBarrierReefintheCoralSea,foundalongsidetheeastcoastofQueensland,Australia.Thesiteisnotedtohavethelargestcoralreefsystemintheworld.“Healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces—thecrackleofsnappingshrimpandthewhoopsandgruntsoffish.Youngfishconcentrateonthesesoundswhenthey'relookingforaplacetosettle，”saidSteveSimpson,studyco-authorandaprofessorattheUniversityofExeter,UK.Byusingloudspeakerstocopysuchsounds,partsofdeadcoralreefswerefoundtoattracttwiceasmanyfish,comparedtoplaceswherenosoundswereplayed.“Thesereturningfisharecrucialforcoralreefstofunctionashealthyecosystems.Boostingfishpopulationinthiswaycouldhelptokick-startnaturalrecoveryprocesses,preventingthedamagewe'reseeingonmanycoralreefsaroundtheworld，”saidleadauthor,TimGordon.语篇解读：由于海水温度的上升，深海珊瑚的生态遭到破坏。科学家通过实验研究发现，在珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器以吸引海洋生物对于恢复珊瑚的生态卓有成效。1．Whatcausesthephenomenonofcoralbleaching?A．Diversespecies.B．Noisepollution.C．Fishingindustry.D．Climbingtemperatures.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，是气候变化所引起的海水温度的上升导致了这种白化现象。2．Whatapproachisintroducedtorecoverthecoralreefs?A．Removingdamagedcoralreefs.B．Usingloudspeakerstokeepfishaway.C．Buildingnewhomesforseaspecies.D．Playingcertainsoundstoattractfish.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为恢复珊瑚生态，科学家在遭破坏的珊瑚附近放置扬声器，以吸引鱼类。即通过播放声音来吸引鱼类。3．WhyareSteveSimpson'swordsquoted?A．Toprovidesomefindingsofthestudy.B．Toshowtheprogressoftheexperiment.C．Toexplainreasonsforthenewapproach.D．Togiveanothersolutiontotheproblem.解析：选C细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，鱼儿会离开不健康的、遭到破坏的珊瑚。为了吸引鱼类，科学家们在这些珊瑚附近放置扬声器。再结合第三段第一句可知，健康的珊瑚礁是非常热闹的地方，各种海洋生物很多。由此可推知，此处引用这位教授的话是为了解释在受损珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器这一新方法的原因。4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theattemptsareinvain.B．Naturalrecoveryisimpossible.C．Initialsuccesshasbeenachieved.D．Thecoralreefshavereturnedtonormal.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通过用扬声器复制一些声音，部分死亡的珊瑚礁吸引了更多的鱼类，由此可推知，珊瑚生态保护已经初见成效。BItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththeUSA'sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We'veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines(核潜艇)wouldimplode(内爆)beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean—there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest-divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,adeep-watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4,000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction(科幻小说)．Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。5．WhatdotheexamplesinParagraph2suggest?A．Seaexplorationisnoeasytask.B．Nuclearsubmarinesneedtobeimproved.C．Theoceanisfardeeperthanpeopleexpected.D．TheconditionundertheseaissimilartothatontheMoon.解析：选A推理判断题。第二段列举各个深度海洋的情况是为了说明海洋探索不是一件容易的事。6．WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D．ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。7．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising. B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying. D．It'snosuccess.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Surprised?Don'tbe...thebottomofthesea.”可推测，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。8．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.解析：选D主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点明自己的观点：Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章主旨。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Bytheendofthe15thcenturymanythingswerechanginginEurope.Thepopulationstartedtogrowmorequicklyandanewclassofmerchantscameup.TheywantedtobuyandsellexpensiveandvaluableproductsfromAsia,likegold,jewelsandsilk.Inthosedays,peoplehadnorefrigeratorstopreservetheirfood.__9__Tomakefoodtastebettertheyusedspices,likepepper.__10__Butinthe15thcenturytheoverlandpassagewayswerebeingcontrolledbytheTurkishEmpire,whichmadeitevenmoredifficultforEuropeanmerchantstopassthrough.Asaresult,someEuropeancountries,likeSpainandPortugal,decidedtofindoutiftherewasaseapassagewaytoIndia.Attheendofthe15thcenturythePortuguesestartedtoexplorethewestcoastofAfrica.__11__In1487,thePortugueseexplorerBartholomeuDiassailedaroundthesouthernpartofthecontinentandgotasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica,butastormmadehimturnback.__12__ThePortuguesenamedittheCapeofGoodHopebecausetheywerehopefuloffindingapassagewaytoIndia.In1497,VascoDaGamasetoutfromLisbon,sailedaroundtheCapeofGoodHopeandintotheIndianOcean.__13__HetooksomespicesandgoldbackwithhimtoprovethathehadreachedIndia.A．HereachedthewestcoastofIndiathenextyear.B．Theydriedmeatandusedsalttomakeitlastlonger.C．Theysetuptradingpostsandcollectedgoldandsilver.D．Onhisreturnvoyage,hesawapieceoflandstretchingoutintothesea.E．ForcenturiesEuropeansbroughtthesegoodsonalandpassagewayfromAsia.F．TheywereconvincedthatbysailingaroundittheywouldfindapassagewaytoIndia.G．Withthehelpofadvancedshipsandinstruments，theystartedtheAgeofExploration.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。9．选B空格前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本句承接上一句的内容，为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来，故选B。10．选E第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料，商人就从亚洲通过陆路运到欧洲，空格后一句有but转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难了。因此，空格处起承上启下的作用，E符合语境。11．选F本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。设空处解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道。12．选D空格前一句谈到BartholomeuDias已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，本句承接上文，在他们回航的时候，他们看见了一块突出在海上的陆地。D项中的return与空格前一句的“madehimturnback”相呼应，因此选D。13．选A空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家VascoDaGama绕过好望角到达了印度洋，故A项能承接上文。A项中的“thenextyear”与空格前一句的“in1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。Ⅲ.完形填空eq\a\vs4\al(2022·成都模拟)“IhavenoideawhattogetyouthisNewYear，”myhusbandLarrysaid.I__14__withaknowingsmileasthesame__15__tomeinfindinghimsomething.__16__welikedrememberingeachotherwithgiftsonholidays,wehadreachedthe__17__inliveswherewedidn'tneedmorethings.Actually,wewere__18__，clearingoutandgettingridofunneededstuff.Thenanonlinearticleaboutschoolshavingtoturnawaysomechildrenfromreceiving__19__fortheyhadnomoneytopayattractedme.“Let'seachgivemoneytotheschoolforourpresents，”Isaid,__20__thearticlewithLarry.“Greatidea.It'salsoa__21__topayitforward，”Larrysmiled.Whenourchildrenweresmall,LarryandIwere__22__，losingsourcesofincome.Duringthehardtime,we__23__topayanybill.Itwasn'teasyforustoaskforhelp,aswe'dbeenbroughtuponprinciplesof__24__.Someonethenofferedahand.Ivisitedourlocalelementaryschool,andexplainedwe'dliketohelpchildrenwhocouldn't__25__theirlunches.Theladytakingchargelookedfirst__26__andthenpleased.Sheacceptedourgiftofcashwiththanks.“Thiswillmakeabig__27__tosomanychildren，”shesaid.__28__thereweren'tasmanypresentsinourroom,butitwasoneofourbestNewYears.语篇解读：新年临近，作者和丈夫商量，不再为对方买节日礼物，而是把这笔钱拿来资助当地小学的贫困学子，让他们能在学校吃上午餐。14．A.interrupted B．complainedC．left D．responded解析：选D根据语境可知，此处表示作者用一个会意的微笑回应丈夫Larry,respond“作出反应，回应”。15．A.related B．returnedC．applied D．appealed解析：选C根据下文可知，作者和丈夫两人都为选礼物发愁。此处表示作者自己也遇到了同样的问题，即不知道新年该给丈夫买什么礼物。apply表示“(对……)适用，(对……)有效”，thesameappliesto...表示“……也是一样”。16．A.Because B．WhileC．If D．Unless解析：选B根据语境可知，尽管作者和丈夫喜欢在节日时送对方礼物，但他们已经到了不需要更多东西的阶段。前后分句之间是让步关系，故用While“虽然，尽管”。17．A.stage B．balanceC．agreement D．edge解析：选A参见上题解析。stage“时期，阶段”。18．A.passingdown B．handingoutC．cuttingback D．layingoff解析：选C根据上文的“wherewedidn'tneedmorethings”和下文的“clearingoutandgettingridofunneededstuff”可知，作者他们在减少东西。19．A.support B．educationC．books D．meals解析：选D根据下文的“whocouldn't________theirlunches”可知，一些孩子因为支付不起而吃不上学校的午饭(meals)。20．A.analyzing B．praisingC．sharing D．commenting解析：选C结合语境可知，作者在跟丈夫说话时把自己看到的文章分享(sharing)给了他。21．A.reminder B．chanceC．promise D．reason解析：选B根据下文的“Itwasn'teasyforustoaskforhelp...Someonethenofferedahand”可知，几年前，作者一家曾得到了别人的帮助，所以Larry认为这也是一个传递爱的机会(chance)。22．A.unemployed B．disconnectedC．sick D．alone解析：选A根据下文的“losingsourcesofincome”可知，作者和Larry在他们的孩子还小的时候失业了，失去了经济来源。23．A.managed B．intendedC．refused D．failed解析：选D根据上文的“losingsourcesofincome”和下文的“Someonethenofferedahand”可知，作者他们无法支付任何账单。fail“未能(做到)”。24．A.independence B．generosityC．responsibility D．insistence解析：选A根据上文的“Itwasn'teasyforustoaskforhelp,aswe'dbeenbroughtuponprinciples”可知，作者和丈夫从小都被教导要恪守独立自主的生活准则，因此对他们来说向人求助不是一件容易的事。independence“自主，自立”。25．A.cook B．provideC．reserve D．afford解析：选D根据上文的“fortheyhadnomoneytopay”可知，作者想要帮助支付(afford)不起学校午餐的孩子。26．A.touched B．surprisedC．excited D．afford解析：选B结合语境可知，负责人一开始很惊讶(surprised)，然后很高兴。27．A.decision B．priorityC．difference D．push解析：选C作者的捐赠会给很多孩子带来巨大影响。makeadifference表示“起作用；有影响”。28．A.Probably B．ObviouslyC．Generally D．Hopefully解析：选B作者和丈夫为对方准备的新年礼物是帮助贫困孩子，所以他们房间里的礼物显然没有之前多了，但这是他们最好的新年之一。obviously“显然，明显地”。Ⅳ.语法填空eq\a\vs4\al(2022·珠海模拟)China'sWukong,a__1__(full)autonomoussubmersible(潜水器)thatwasdevelopedbyHarbinEngineeringUniversity,hasreachedamaximumunderwaterdepthof7,709metres,__2__(set)anewdivingrecordfordomesticautonomousunderwatervehicles.WukongreturnedtoitshomeportofQingdao,ShandongProvinceonThursdayaftercompleting__3__thirdphaseofitsdeep-seatrial.Duringthisyear'sdeep-seascientificexpedition(探险)intheWesternPacificOcean__4__(organise)bytheNationalDeepSeaCentreofChinafromFebruary24toApril1,Wukonghadsuccessfullyreachedamaximumdeep-seadivingdepthrecordof7,709metres,__5__brokeitspreviousrecordof5,213metres.Capable__6__full-oceandepth,itdived5,000metresand7,000metresrespectivelyduringtheseatrialsandretrieved(回收)watersamples,layingasolid__7__(found)for11,000-metresubmersibletests.Thisisthesecond__8__(deep)recordintheworldaftertheonesetbytheRussianVityaz-DAUV.Wukong,2metreslong,1metrewideand1.3tonsinweight,completedtwoseatrialsata1,500-metredepthin2019.Autonomousunderwatervehicles__9__(see)asoneofthekeyemergingtechnologiesinfuturenavalwarfare.Butsofarthecomplexityofthissolution__10__(mean)thatnocountryintheworldhasfieldedthemoperationally.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国哈尔滨工程大学研制“悟空”号全自动潜水器创下了国内自主潜水器的潜水新纪录。1．fully考查副词。修饰形容词autonomous要用副词fully。2．setting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为hasreached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且set和其逻辑主语China'sWukong之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。3．the考查冠词。修饰序数词third要用定冠词the。4．organised考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为hadreached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且organise和其逻辑主语expedition之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。5．which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词recordof7,709meters，且引导词在从句中