2020年上海高考英语试题(精校版)

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.InthepresenceofanimalsAprofessorofpublichealthatUCLAsaysthatpetownershipmightprovideanewformofhealthcare.Asfarbackasthe1790s,theelderlyataseniorcitizens'homeinEnglan(encourage)tospendtimewithfarmanimals.Thiswouldhelppatients'mentalstatemorethanthecrueltherapies22(use)onthementallyillatthetime.Inrecentyears,scientistshavefinallybeguntofindproofs23contactwithanimalstoincreaseasickperson'schanceofsurvivalandhaveshown24(lower)heartrate,calmupsetchildren,andgetpeopletostartaconversation.Scientiststhinkthatanimals'companionshipisbeneficial25animalsareacceptingandattentive,andtheydon'tcriticizeorgiveorders.Animalshavetheuniqueabilitytobemoresocial.Forexample,visitorstonursinghomesgetmoresocialresponsesfrompatientswhentheycomewithanimalcompanions.Notonlydopeopleseem26(anxious)whenanimalsarenearby,buttheymayalsolivelonger.Studiesshowthatayear27heartsurgery,survivalratesforheartpatientswerehigherforthosewithpetsintheirhomesthanthosewithoutpets.Elderlypeoplewithpetsmakefewertripstodoctorsthanthosewithoutanimalcompanions,possiblybecauseanimalsrelieveloneliness.Stayingwithanimalsisbelievedtocreateapeacefulstateofmind,28(result)inafavorableenvironmentforeveryone.Researchconfirmsthatthefindingsconcerningseniorcitizenscanbeappliedtorestlesschildren.Theyaremoreeasy-goingwhenthereareanimalsaround,with29companytheytendtocalmdownmoreeasily.Theyinvolve30inplayingwithanimalsandthepresenceofanimalsconformsthemgreatly.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.suspectedB.fortunatelyC.invasionsD.inevitableE.accustomedF.unreliableG.featuresH.acknowledgedI.inclusionJ.transferredK.instantlyTheiPhoneX,Apple'snewsmartphone,isequippedwithfacialrecognition.31,itsscannercanunlockthesystem.Itrequiresnobuttonstobepressed,beingalwaysreadytoreadyourface.Androiduserscanexpectsimilar32aswell.Forthemillionsofpeoplewhowillsoondependonfacialrecognitiontochecktheiremail,sendatextormakeacall,itwillbequick,easyandpretty“cool”touse.However,aswegrow33tothetechnology,wecannotbecomenumbtotheproblemsthatcomewithit.Facialrecognitionisalreadyusedeverywhere.InChina,policeusethetechnologytoidentifypeoplewhojaywalk(乱穿马路).IntheUnitedState,morethanhalfofalladultsareinafacialrecognitiondatabasethatcanbeusedforcriminalinvestigation.Governments,however,arenottheonlyusersoffacialrecognition.Retailers零售商)usethetechnologyintheirstorestoidentify34shoplifters.OnesocialmediaappinRussiaallowsstrangerstofindoutwhoyouarejustbytakingaphotoofyou.However,differentusersoffacialrecognitionproducedifferentlevelsofaccuracy.Cameradistance,lighting,facialposeallaffecttheaccuracy.OfficialsattheNewYorkPoliceDepartment,forexample,have35atleastfivemisidentificationsbytheirfacialrecognitionsystem.IftheiPhone'snewsystemissimilarly36,noonewillconsiderittobeacceptablesecurityforourpersonalinformation.37,itprobablywon'tbe.Butformanyofthesystemselsewhere,mistakesand38ofprivacymightbeunavoidable.Asthesmartphoneofchoiceformanyusers,theiPhone's39offacialrecognitionmayencourageconsumerstoacceptthetechnologyelsewhere.However,evenaswechoosetoexploretheconveniencefacialrecognitionmightoffer,weshouldalsobesuspiciousofthemanywaysitcanbeused.Facialrecognitionmaywellbe40.Itsrisksneednotbe!III.ReadingComprehension(45%)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Famouspeopleoftensaythatthekeytobecomingbothhappyandsuccessfulisto“dowhatyoulove.”Butmasteringaskill,evenonethatyoudeeplylove,41ahugeamountofdullwork.Anyonewhowanttomasteraskillmustrunthroughthecycleofpractice,42feedback,modification,andincreasingimprovementagain,againandagain.Somepeopleseemabletoconcentrateonpracticinganactivitylikethisforyearsandtakepleasureintheirgradualimprovement.Yetothersfindthiskindoffocused,time-intensiveworktobe43orboring.Why?Thedifferencemayturnontheabilitytoenterintoastateof“flow,”thefeelingofbeingcompletely44inwhatyouaredoing.Whetheryoucallitbeing“inthezone,”orsomethingelse,aflowstateisaspecialexperience.SinceMihalyCsikszentmihalyidevelopedthe45offlowinthe1970's,ithasbeenamainstayofpositive-psychologyresearch.Flowstatescanhappeninthecourseofanyactivity,andtheyaremostcommonwhenataskhaswell-definedgoalsandisata(n)46skilllevel,andwheretheindividualisableto47theirperformancetoclearandimmediatefeedback.

Csikszentmihalyisuggestedthatthosewhomost48enteredintoflowstateshadan“autotelicpersonality(自带目的性人格)"一adispositiontoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow.Whilethosewithoutsuchapersonalityseedifficulties,autotelicindividualsseeopportunitiestobuildskills.Autotelicindividualsarereceptiveandopentonewchallenges.Theyarealso49andhavelowlevelsofself-centeredness.Suchpeople,withtheircapacityfor“disinterestedinterest”haveagreat50overothersindevelopingtheirinnateabilities.Fortunatelyforthoseofuswhoaren't51blessedwithanautotelicpersonalily,thereisevidencethatflowstatescanbe52byenvironmentalfactors.53,thelearningframeworkprescribedbyMontessorischoolsseemstoencourageflowstates.Whilethereisn't(yet)apillthatcanturnmundanepracticeintoathrillingactivityforanyone,itishearteningthatweseem,atleasttosomeevidencethatflowstatescanbe52byenvironmentalfactors.53,thelearningframeworkprescribedbyMontessorischoolsseemstoencourageflowstates.Whilethereisn't(yet)apillthatcanturnmundanepracticeintoathrillingactivityforanyone,itishearteningthatweseem,atleasttosome54,tobeabletonudgeourselvestowardflowstates.Bygivingourselvesunstructured,open-endedtime,minimal55,andatasksetatamoderatelevelofdifficulty,wemaybeabletolovewhatwe'redoingwhileweputinthehardworkpracticingthethingswelovingdoing.A.inquiresA.preventableA.frustratingA.improvedA.conceptA.alternativeA.makeB.requiresB.maintainableA.fullyA.generousA.addictA.necessarilyA.forbiddenA.InparticularA.intentionA.temptationB.encouragingB.indicatedB.receiptB.appropriateB.adoptB.reallyB.persistentB.advanceB.obviouslyB.functionedB.ForexampleB.degreeB.charmingC.acquiresC.sustainableC.concerningC.involvedC.receptionC.approximateC.adaptC.readilyC.courageousC.advantageC.graduallyC.fastenedC.InconclusionC.purposeD.gainsD.criticalD.instructingD.inspiredD.conditionD.sufficientD.adjustD.accidentallyD.resistantD.admireD.occasionallyD.facilitatedD.IncomparisonC.attractionsD.extensionD.distractionsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,D.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)Theadaptationofbookstothebigscreenisnothingnewtooursociety.Bookshavebecomewell-respectedtoolsforcreatingabetterHollywood.However,filmsshouldbejustasrespectedfortheirabilitytocreatebetterwriters.Themainskillfilmshelpwritersdevelopisattentiontoprogress.Mostdirectorsandscreenwritersknowthatthemajorityofpeoplearenotwillingtositthroughafive-hourfilm.Thus,everyscenemusthaveapurpose.Thisisavitalobjectivetokeepinmindwhenwritinganovelorshortstory.Withmostwritingcoursesplacingemphasisonliterarytechniques,itiseasytobecomemoreinvestedindictionthanwithactuallymovingtheplotforward.Filmsremindthewriterthatwhileanoveloughttohavesomedegreeofliterarycomplexity,thegoalattheendofeachchapter,page,orsentenceissimple:keepthestorymoving.Filmsnotonlyhelpwritersdevelopaplot,butalsohelpwritersdevelopspecificmomentswithintheirstories.Althoughwritingameansofexpression,notallthingsareeasytoexpressinwriting,especiallyfacialexpressionsandemotions.Filmsallowwriterstostudythebodilyandemotionalactionsthatmakecharactersreadmorerealisticallyandmakestoriesmoretempting.Lastly,sometimesittakesafilmtobringaboutastoryideainthefirstplace.Stopusingahorriblyspecificorextremelyuninterestingprompt.Apleasingthemeoraestheticcanbeenoughtoinspireacharacterorsetting.Aswriters,whetherfictionorindependent,ourworksoftenarisefromthethingsweseearoundusorthethingswewishwecouldsee.Nonetheless,ourworksalsoarisefromthevisualsthathavebeencreatedforus.Asliteraturecontinuestoenterthefilmindustry,perhapsweshouldmakeuseoffilmtechniquesinourliterature.Remindedbyfilms,vidingadescriptionofasmanydetailsaspossible.payingattentiontofurtherenhancingliterarycomplexity.choosingtheperfectwordtogowithhis/herthought.Accordingtothepostage,filmshelpwritersdevelopinmanyaspectsexcept.gettinganimprovedexpressivenessB.focusingonkeepingthestorymoving.C.complicatingtheirthinkingandlife.D.bringingininspirationfornewworks.Theword“prompt”(paragraph4)probablymeans.areasontowrite.B.atopictostartfrom.C.anexcusetoputoffworking.D.anelementtoattractrelationship.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentstheauthor'sthoughtsinthispassage?bookwritersaretheonespromotingthegrowthofthefilmindustry.directorsandscreenwritersaremorerespectedthanfictionwriters.writersshouldspendmoretimeonwordingratherthanonotherthings.filmmakingtechniquecouldhelpbookwriterstoimprovethemselves.(B)AmericanAirlinesDateofIssue:233JAN10PingLuo:ThankyouforchoosingAmericanAirlines/AmericanEagle,amemberoftheoneworldTMAlliance.Belowisyourjourneyplanfortheticket(s)purchased.Pleaseprintandkeeppossessionofthisdocumentforusethroughoutyourtrip.Recordlocator:HPMDLHYoumaycheckinandobtainyourboardingpassforU.S.domesticelectronicticketswithin24hoursofyourflighttimeonlineatAA.Comebyusing/checkinorataSelf-ServiceCheck-Inmachineattheairport.Forfastercheck-inattheairport,scanthebarcodeatanyAASelf-Servicemachine.EffectiveFebruary1,AmericanAirlineswillbecashlessonboardallflights.Forin-flightpurchases,wewillacceptCiti⑥/AAdvantage⑥MasterCard⑥andothermajorcreditordebitcardsonly.CashlesscabinswillnotbeimplementedonboardAmericanEagleandAmericanConnectionflights…onlycashwillcontinuetobeacceptedonboardthoseflights.eTicketCarrierFlightnumberDepartingArrivingBookingCodeCityDate&timeCityTimeAmericanAirlines4290NASHVILLESUN,31JAN11:05AMCHICAGOOHARE12:40PMQOPERATEDBYAMERICANEAGLEPingLuoEconomySeats9CFoodforPurchaseAmericanAirline4131CHICAGOOHARESUN31JAN2:40TMMADISON3:25PMQOPERATEDBYAMERICANEAGLEPingLuoEconomySeats17CFoodforPurchase60.Theabovedocumentservesas.A.evidenceofbookedtickets.B.explanationsofcheck-inpolicies.C.areminderofairlineregulations.D.anairlineticketanditsconfirmation.Duringhisjourney,PingLuowill.flynon-stoptohisdestination.arriveinChicagointhelateafternoonofthesameday.havetostayatCHICAGOOHAREairportfortwohours.reachhisfinaldestinationonthenextday.Accordingtothedocument,inordertocheckinattheairportfaster,apassengermay.A.arriveattheairportfaraheadoftime.B.choosetheseatinadvance.C.useaself-servicemachine.D.contacttherecordlocatoronline.(C)Thereareclassesforthemothersofbabies,butthere'snohelpingwithyourmumanddad

growingold.Oldpeople'swardsarehellforoldpeople.Geriatricwardsarebedlamandbonkers.Atoothlesswomanscreamingwhenleftalone,acrythatreachesthehighhospitalceiling.Awomaneffingandblinding—thepolitecurtainwillnotprotectherfromtheindignityofahappychange.Awomanwholivesthesamemomentinrepeat,dressedupforgoinghomeinabrightred,overthedressinggrown,askingforthekeytoherhouse,sayingoverandover:“AmIgoinghometoday?”Andthoughmymum,bythetimeshewasreleased,knewthatherlifewascharmedcomparedwiththelivesoftheworld'srefugees.Itseemstomeasiftheplight（困境）ofoldpeople,whilenotashorribleastheplightofrefugees,sharessomeofthehorror.Justasweliveinasocietythathasn'tcaughtupwithtechnology,thekindofmoralchoicesitgivespeople,wealsoliveinaworldthathasn'tkeptupwithitsageingpopulation.Wehavetheadvancesinmedicalscienceandtechnologythathavekeptpeoplealivelonger,butnottheadvancesinhowtotreatourageingpopulation.Societyislaggingbehindtheold,failingandfalling.Therearecertainsmallbutpiercingsimilaritiesbetweenthetreatmentoftheoldandthetreatmentofrefugees.Theoldareoftendisplacedfromtheirhomes,movedoutagainsttheirwill;decisionsareoftenmadeforthemthattheyhavenosayover.Often,theyaretreatedasfoolsorhalfwits,crowdedtogetherinoneplace,givenclothesthatdon'tbelongtothem,treatedasafallentribe,incapableofanyindividuality.NobodyimaginedmymotherwasasecretaryoftheScottishpeacemovement,aprimaryteacher,alifelongsocialist,awittywoman.Outofhospital,my85-year-oldmumsaid:“goingintohospitalatmyageputsyearsonyou.Godsavefromoldpeople'swards.Youneverthinkofyourselfasold.Youlookacrossthewardandthink,amIlikethat?”Thetreatmentoftheoldiscomparedofthatoftherefugeesinorderto.A.provetheyhavealotincommonB.showtheterriblestatusoftheoldC.displaytheirsimilaritiesanddifferencesD.indicatethatoldpeoplehavetoleavetheirhomeWhatcanbeinterredfromthepassage?A.Refugeesleadabetterlifethanoldmalepatients.Oldpeopleareill-treatedduetotheirlossofindividuality.Theauthor'smomiscapableofteachingandbeingasocialistinthemeanwhile.Thetreatmentoftheageingpopulationdoesn'tdevelopasscienceadvances.Theauthor'smomfeltthatlifeinthehospital.A.madehermucholder.C.enablehertolookbackatlife.A.madehermucholder.C.enablehertolookbackatlife.ThepassagemainlydiscussedA.thelifeofrefugeesandoldpeople.C.impropertreatmentofoldpeople.createdheramaturewoman.letherfullofgratitudetochildren.B.socialresponsibilitytooldwomen.D.preparingforageingparents.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanheusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Clearsolutionsalreadyexistforreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Despitethis,howourdietarychoicesaffectclimatechangeisoftenunderestimated.Food,especiallylivestock,alsolakesupalotofroomIndevelopedcountries,vegetarianismwouldbringallsortsofenvironmentalandhealthbenefits.Nomatterhowmuchtheircarnivorousfriendsmightdenyit,vegetarianshaveapoint:cuttingoutmeatdeliversmultiplebenefits.Thougharelativelysmallincreaseinagriculturalland,thiswouldmorethanmakeupforthelossofmeat.Whatwouldhappeniftheworldsuddenlywentvegetarian?Peoplebecomevegetariansforavarietyofreasons.Somedoittomakeanimalsuffering,othersbecausetheywanttopursueahealthierlifestyle.Stillothersarefansofsustainabilityorwishtoreducegreenhousegasemissions.67Andthemorewhomaketheswitch,themorethoseperkswouldmanifestonaglobalscale.JarvisandotherexpertsatColombia'sInternationalCentreforTropicalAgriculturecarriedoutresearchestoseewhatmighthappen讦meatdroppedofftheplanet'smenuovernight.Firsttheyexaminedclimatechange.Foodproductionaccountsforone-quartertoone-thirdofallgreenhousegasemissionsfromhumanactivitiesworldwide,andtheworstofresponsibilityforthosenumbersfallstothelivestockindustry.68IntheUS,forexample,anaveragefamilyoffouremitsmoregreenhousegasesbecauseofthemeattheyeatthanfromdrivingtwocars一butitiscars,notsteaks,thatregularlycomeupindiscussionsaboutglobalwarming.69Oftheworld'sapproximately12billionacresofagriculturalland,68%isusedforlivestock.Shouldweallgovegetarian,ideallywewouldgiveatleast80%ofthatpastureland(牧场)totherestorationofgrasslandsandforests,whichwouldcapturecarbonandfurtheralleviateclimatechange.Theremaining10to20%offormerpasturelandcouldbeusedforgrowingmorecropstofillgapsinthefoodsupply.70That'sbecauseone-thirdofthelandcurrentlyusedforcropsisdedicatedtoproducingfoodforlivestock一notforhumans.SummaryWriting:Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.LearningbyRoteintheDigitalAgeRotelearninghasbecomeseenasanoutdatedmethodofteaching.Thedictionarydefineslearning‘byrote'as:‘frommemory,withoutthoughtofthemeaning:inamechanicalway'.Thedeclineofrotelearninghasbeenquickenedbytechnology.Nooneneedstomemorizefriends'phonenumbersoremailaddressesbecausesuchdataisconvenientlystoredandaccessibleelectronically.AndwhyrememberwhenandwhereWorldWarTwobrokeoutwhenyoucanfindtheanswerontheInternetinabout6seconds?Butnowtherearevoicesforaneedtoretu