(新高考)高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第三册 Unit 3　高考题型组合练 (含详解)

高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AIn2007，BiancaValentihadanexperiencewhichnearlykilledher.WhenshepaddledoutatOceanBeachinSanFrancisco，shemetawavethelengthofagarageandastallasatwo-storyhouse.“ThesecondIwentunderwater，Iwasjustgettingknockedandspuneverywhichway.Andthenmyfeettouchedthesandbottomthere.Iswamtothesurface.Atthispointmylungswereburningpainfully.Ijustthoughttomyself，‘Ifthere’sonemorewaveafterthis，I’mgoingtodie.’Luckilytherewasn’tanotherwave.”ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.By2014，ValentisurfedandwonherfirstbigwavescontestatNelscottReefinOregon.There，shemetfellowprofessionalsPaigeAlms，AndreaMoller，andKealaKennelly.“Twothingsgotmefiredupatthatpoint，”shesaid.“Iwantedtohavetheopportunitytowinmoreevents，butthereweren’tmoreeventsforwomen.AlsoInoticedthatjustthesightofwomensurfingbigwaveswasopeningpeople’sminds...That’sreallyannoying.”Luckily，Valenti，Alms，Moller，andKennellybecameadynamicfoursomeanddecidedtosticktogether，supporteachother，andthenfighttogether.ThefoursurfersformedCommitteeforEquityinWomen’sSurfing(CEWS)tofightforentranceatMavericks—acontestsetinthesurfinglocationofthesamename，northofHalfMoonBay.Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.Now，throughtheorganization’shardworkwiththeStateofCalifornia，womenareawarded12spotstosurf.WhenValentiwasyoung，thereweren’tmanywomenrepresentedinsurfingculture.“Ithinkit’simportantforyoungkidstohaveallkindsofrolemodels.Thatwaytheyknowallthepeoplewhotheyseeassuperheroesarejustnormalpeoplewhohavecrazydreams.Andsometimesthedreamsaren’teventhatcrazy.Ifyouworkhardandyousticktogetherwithyourfriends，youcandoanything.Youcanmovemountains.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了BiancaValenti的冲浪生涯以及她为女性在这一领域能够获得平等的机会所做出的努力。1．WhatinspiredValentitosurfbigwaves?A．Hergiftinlearningsurfingskills.B．Hernear-deathexperiencein2007.C．Hercouragetochallengemensurfers.D．Herambitiontobethebestrolemodel.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段，特别是其最后一句“ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.”可知，Valenti在2007年被大浪击倒而险些溺亡的经历激励了她去冲巨浪。故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“firedup”inParagraph3mean?A．Angry. B．Excited.C．Depressed. D．Concerned.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段倒数第二句“That’sreallyannoying.”可知，Valenti对这样的现状感到很愤怒；结合画线词所在句可推知，firedup应意为“愤怒的”，与angry意思相近。故选A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutMavericksinValenti’stime?A．Itwasnamedafterthebay.B．Allsurferswereadmittedtoitfreely.C．Itopened12spotsforwomensurfers.D．Surferscouldonlyattenditbyinvitation.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.”可知，只有受到邀请的人才能参加Mavericks。故选D。4．WhichofthefollowingphrasescanbestdescribeValenti?A．Ambitiousandcourageous.B．Emotionalandstubborn.C．Toughandimpractical.D．Simple-mindedbuthelpful.答案A解析推理判断题。通读全文可知，Valenti敢做大多数女性不敢做的事情，她认为伟大的人不过是坚持完成了自己的疯狂梦想的普通人。她不断冲浪、获奖，并力图改变这一领域缺乏女性参与的现状。由此可推知，她是一个有雄心壮志且勇敢的人。故选A。BHometoreefs，sharksandmanyexoticfish，theCoralSeaisauniquereserveofbiodiversityoffthenortheasterncoastofAustralia.IfaproposalbytheAustraliangovernmentgoesahead，theregionwillbecometheworld’slargestmarineprotectedarea，withbansonfishing，miningandmarinefarming.TheCoralSeareservewillcoveralmost990,000squarekilometersandstretchasfaras1,100kilometersfromthecoast.RevealedbyenvironmentministerTonyBurke，theproposalwillbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia’scoast.Buttheplanattractscriticismfromscientistsandconservationgroupsclaimingthegovernmenthasn’tdoneenoughinprotectingtheCoralSea.TheyevenpointoutonlyhalfoftheCoralSeareserveisproposedasa“no-take”area，inwhichallfishingwouldbebanned.Buttheworld’slargestexistingmarinereserve，establishedbytheBritishgovernmentintheIndianOcean，spans554,000km2andisano-takezonethroughout.SomepeoplearguemoreoftheCoralSeashouldreceivethislevelofprotection.TheAustraliangovernmentdidn’trespondtothecriticism.ButRobinBeaman，amarinegeologist，saysthereservedoes“broadlyprotecttherangeofhabitats”inthesea.“Icantestifytothehugeeffortthatgovernmentagenciesandotherorganizationshavemadetounderstandtheecologicalvaluesofthisvastarea，”hesays.ReservesproposedearlierforAustralia’ssouthwesterncoastalregionshavealsobeencriticizedfornotgivinghabitatsadequateprotection.Somescientistspointedouttheproposalsforthesouthwesternregionhadnotbeenbasedonthe“corescienceprinciples”ofreserves—theprotectedregionswerenotrepresentativeofallthehabitatsintheregion，theysaid.Criticssaythesouthwesternreserveoffersthegreatestprotectiontotheoffshoreareaswherethereislittlethreattotheenvironment，acontroversyalsoleveledattheCoralSeaplan.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了由澳大利亚政府提出的珊瑚海保护区计划所引发的争论。5．WhatdowelearnfromthepassageabouttheCoralSea?A．Itisextremelyrichinmarinelife.B．Itisthebiggestmarineprotectedarea.C．Itremainslargelyundisturbedbyhumans.D．Itisauniquereserveofendangeredspecies.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“Hometoreefs，sharksandmanyexoticfish，theCoralSeaisauniquereserveofbiodiversityoffthenortheasterncoastofAustralia.”可知，这里海洋生物非常丰富。故选A项。6．WhatdoestheAustraliangovernmentplantodoaccordingtoTonyBurke?A．MakeanewproposaltoprotecttheCoralSea.B．Reviseitsconservationplanowingtocriticisms.C．Upgradetheestablishedreservestoprotectmarinelife.D．Completetheseriesofmarinereservesarounditscoast.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“RevealedbyenvironmentministerTonyBurke，theproposalwillbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia’scoast.”可知，TonyBurke说这项计划将是一系列海洋保护区的最后一个。故选D项。7．WhatdoesmarinegeologistRobinBeamansayabouttheCoralSeaplan?A．ItcancomparewiththeBritishgovernment’seffortintheIndianOcean.B．Itwillresultintheestablishmentoftheworld’slargestmarinereserve.C．Itwillensurethesustainabilityofthefishingindustryaroundthecoast.D．Itisanenormousjointefforttoprotecttherangeofmarinehabitats.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，RobinBeaman认为政府和其他机构为了解这片广袤地区的生态价值付出了巨大努力。故选D项。8．WhatdocriticsthinkoftheCoralSeaplan?A．ItwillaffectAustralia’sfishingindustry.B．Itwilldomoreharmthangoodtotheenvironment.C．Itwillprotectregionsthatactuallyrequirelittleprotection.D．Itwillwinlittlesupportfromenvironmentalorganizations.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，批评者认为珊瑚海计划保护的是一些几乎不需要保护的区域。故选C项。C(2022·重庆名校联盟联考)Whatifourcitystreetscouldactlikeforestsandreducepollution?Thankstoscientificinnovation，roadstreatedwithanewpavementtechnologycannoweatsmogandhelpkeepcitiescool.Sincethereislittleroomforforestsinurbanareas，whereairpollutionactuallyoccurs，PavementTechnologyInc.(PTI)，togetherwithresearchersfromLouisianaStateUniversity，cameupwithanasphaltspray(沥青喷雾)calledA．R.A.-1Ti.Thespray’sexactcompositionhasn’tbeenrevealed，butitisknowntobebasedontitaniumoxide(二氧化钛)，acomponentcontainedinmanysunscreensonthemarket.Whenultravioletrays(紫外线)fromthesunactivatethischemicalsubstance，lightandheatareabsorbedandmovedapart.Throughachemicalprocess，titaniumoxidealsobreaksdownpoisonoussubstancesintheair.“Ingoodconditions，wecanachievea60%reduction，”saidMichaelDurante，PTI’svicepresidentoffinanceandstrategicplanning.Butthesprayisnotonlymeanttoaddressoverheatingandtoremoveharmfulgasesproducedbycars.Itcanalsomakeagingasphaltstronger，preventingbreaksgeneratedbysevereheat.TheseimpressivecharacteristicshaveencouragedseveralcitiesintheUStotryouttheproduct.Thesuccessstorieskeepaddingup.AtOrlandoInternationalAirport，taxiwaypavementsthathadbeensprayedwiththetitaniumdioxide-basedcompositionhavealreadymanagedtoreducenitrogenoxide(一氧化氮)ratesbyhalf.AndinCharleston，thepavementtreatmentisbeingusedinlow-incomeneighborhoodsthathavemanyasphalt-coatedroads.Thecompanysuggeststhatwhileheatshortenspavementlife，theirproduct’scomponentscanextenditfromfivetotenyears，whichtranslatesthepavementsintosustainableroads.Andalthoughgreenspacesarestillnecessaryandcannotbefullyreplacedduetotheirmultipleenvironmentalandhealthbenefits，innovationslikeA．R.A.-1Tiareextremelypromising.Wemayexpecttoseethemajorbenefitsitcanbringtopublichealth，positivelyaffectingthelivesofbillionslivinginurbanareasworldwide.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。PTI公司与路易斯安那州立大学联合发明了一种名为A.R.A.-1Ti的沥青喷雾，这种新型路面喷雾可以帮助吸收、分散光和热，分解空气中的有害物质，像森林一样为城市降温、减少污染。9．WhatisthefunctionoftheasphaltsprayaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Toeffectivelyprotectforests.B．Torelievetrafficjamsincitystreets.C．Toreduceurbanheatandairpollution.D．Todetecttheweatherandroadconditions.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thankstoscientificinnovation，roadstreatedwithanewpavementtechnologycannoweatsmogandhelpkeepcitiescool.”可知，新型路面喷雾有助于城市降温和改善空气污染。故选C项。10．WhatcanweknowabouttheasphaltsprayaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Itextendslifeofroads.B．Itblocksoutultravioletlight.C．Itismadefromsunscreens’components.D．Itmayabsorbharmfulsubstancesintheair.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，路面喷雾还可以使老化的沥青变得更坚固，防止高温造成的路面开裂，即延长了道路的使用寿命。故选A项。11．WhatareexamplesinParagraph3mentionedfor?A．Tostresstheimportanceoftheinvention.B．Toprovethesuccessfulapplicationofthespray.C．Toemphasisethenecessityoftheroadtreatment.D．Toshowtheincreasingpopularityoftheproduct.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“TheseimpressivecharacteristicshaveencouragedseveralcitiesintheUStotryouttheproduct.Thesuccessstorieskeepaddingup.”可知后面的两个例子是为了证明该喷雾的成功应用。故选B项。12．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AMajorReforminUrbanConstructionB．GreenSpaces：TheAccesstoPublicHealthC．TheBrightProspectofthePavementTechnologyD．ANewAsphaltSpray：TheWelfaretoUrbanAreas答案D解析标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一种新型沥青喷雾，包括其优势、工作原理、应用现状及其给城市带来的益处。故D项可作文章最佳标题。Ⅱ.七选五(2022·山东烟台期中)Whileanewenvironmentisexciting，theadjustmentprocesscanbechallenging.Evenifeverythingisgoingwellatthebeginningofyournewjoborschool，somethingunexpectedcanhappen.1Thefollowingtipswillhelpyouadapttoanewenvironmentmorequicklyandsmoothly.Askquestions.Itisunderstandablethatwhenyoustart，youdon’twanttoshowyouneedadditionalexplanation，butyouhavetorememberyouarenew!Youarelearninganentirelydifferentprocess，sotherewillbethingsyouneedtoasktounderstand.2Infact，ithastheexactoppositeeffect.Youwillnotonlyimpressotherswithyouroriginalideasbutalsoopenupopportunitiestobuildrelationshipsacrossyournewteam.Seekoutamentor(指导者)．Havingamentor，particularlyatthebeginning，canmakeyouradaptationmuchmoremanageable.Thispersoncanbeyourboss，yourprofessor，orjustafriendlyclassmateorco-worker.3Andmoreimportantly，theycanhelpyoulearnsomeessentialthingsyouwon’tfindinthehandbook.Gettoknowpeople.Beyondyourmentor，makeitaprioritytofindmorenewfriends.Itdoesmakeaconsiderabledifference.Thisway，youwillfeelmoreconnectedandapartofthings，insteadofbeinganisland.Thisdoesn’tmeanyouhavetogot