考研考博-英语-广州东华职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州东华职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are（）someprivilegesinmanycountries.

问题1选项

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.entitled

D.enabled

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enforce“实施，执行，强制”，B项engage“从事，参与”，C项entitle“给某人权利、资格”，D项enable“使能够，使成为可能”。根据后面的privilege（特权）可知，空格部分应该表示“获得，具有”。句意：老年人，特别是70岁以上的老年人，在许多国家享有某些特权。故该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Itcanbepainfulforparentswhentheirchildrenfeeloutofsyncwithothers,butitisunwise______ontheimportanceoffittingin;childrengetenoughofthatmessageintheoutsideworld.

问题1选项

A.layingalotofimportance

B.toputtoomuchemphasis

C.togivealargeamountofconcern

D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.layingalotofimportance强调重要性B.toputtoomuchemphasis强调重要性

C.togivealargeamountofconcern大量关注D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety造成极大的焦虑

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据unwise可知，unwisetodo是固定搭配，表示“做某事是不明智的”，根据句意“当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但______重要性是不明智的”可知，空格处表示“过分强调，过分关注”符合句意，所以B项符合。

【干扰项排除】

A项importance一般和attach搭配；

C项concern是不可数名词，要用much搭配；

D项不符合unwisetodo（做某事不明智）的搭配。

【句意】当孩子感到与他人不同步时，父母可能会感到痛苦，但过分强调融入的重要性是不明智的；孩子们从外面的世界中已经足够了解这一点了。

3.单选题

Today’scollegestudentsaremorenarcissistic（自恋的）andself-centeredthantheirpredecessors,accordingtoacomprehensivenewstudybyfivepsychologistswhoworrythatthetrendcouldbeharmfultopersonalrelationshipsandAmericansociety.

“Weneedtostopendlesslyrepeating‘You’respecial’andhavingchildrenrepeatthatback,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,ProfessorJeanTwengeofSanDiegoStateUniversity.“Kidsareself-centeredenoughalready.”“Unfortunately,narcissismcanalsohaveverynegativeconsequencesforsociety,includingthebreakdownofcloserelationshipswithothers,”hesaid.Thestudyassertsthatnarcissists“aremorelikelytohaveromanticrelationshipsthatareshort-lived,atriskforinfidelity,lackemotionalwarmth,andtoexhibitgame-playing,dishonesty,andover-controllingandviolentbehaviors”.Twenge,theauthorof“GenerationMe:WhyToday’sYoungAmericansAreMoreConfident,

Assertive,Entitled—andMoreMiserableThanEverBefore”,saidnarcissiststendtolackempathy,reactaggressivelytocriticismandfavorself-promotionoverhelpingothers.

Someanalystshavecommendedtoday’syoungpeopleforincreasedcommitmenttovolunteerwork.ButTwengeviewedeventhisphenomenonskeptically,notingthatmanyhighschoolsrequirecommunityserviceandmanyyouthsfeelpressuretolistsuchendeavorsoncollegeapplications.

Campbellsaidthenarcissismupsurgeseemedsopronounced（非常明显的）thathewasunsureiftherewereobviousremedies.“Permissivenessseemstobeacomponent,”hesaid.“Apotentialantidotewouldbemoreauthoritativeparenting.Lessindulgencemightbecalledfor.”

Yetstudents,whileacknowledgingsomelegitimacytosuchfindings,don’tnecessarilyacceptnegativegeneralizationsabouttheirgeneration.

HanadyKader,aUniversityofWashingtonsenior,saidsheworkedunpaidlastsummerhelpingresettlerefugeesandconsidersmanyofherpeerstobecivic-minded.Butsheisdismayed（气馁，灰心）bythecompetitivenessofsomestudentswhoseemprematurelyfocusedoncareerstatus.“We’re

encouragedalottobeindividualsandgooutthereanddowhatyouwant,andnobodyshouldstandinyourway,”Kadersaid.“Icanseegoalsandambitionsgettinginthewayofotherthingslikerelationships.”

KariDalane,aUniversityofVermontsophomore,saysmostofhercontemporariesarepoliticallyactiveandnotoverlyself-centered.“Peopleareworriedaboutthemselves—butinthesenseofwherethey’regoingtofindaplaceintheworld,”shesaid.“Peoplewanttolooktheirbest,haveagoodtime,butitdoesn’tmeanthey’renotconcernedabouttherestoftheworld.”

Besides,someoftheresponsesonthenarcissismtestmightnotbeworrisome,Dalanesaid,“Itwouldbemoredepressingifpeopleanswered,‘No,I’mnotspecial’.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,anarcissisticpersonmay（）.

2.Theitalicizedword“commended”（Line1,Para.3）means（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Itisimpliedthat（）.

5.Itispropertobe（）whenyouhearsomeonesay“I’mspecial”.

问题1选项

A.hatecriticism

B.bedishonesttohis/herpartner

C.beunwillingtohelpothers

D.alltheabove

问题2选项

A.praised

B.criticized

C.recommended

D.disfavored

问题3选项

A.Narcissismmayresultinbadconsequences.

B.Collegestudentsareactivetoparticipateinvolunteerwork.

C.Somepeopledoubtwhetherthereareremediestocounterthenarcissismupsurge.

D.Somecollegestudentsareoverlyengagedinself-promotion.

问题4选项

A.boththeresearchersandcollegestudentsareworriedaboutthetrendofnarcissism

B.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonthefindingsofthestudy

C.theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonsomeofthefindingsofthestudy

D.collegestudentsarepessimisticabouttheirfuture

问题5选项

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.optimistic

D.worried

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题干关键词narcissistic定位到原文第二段第四句，原文指出at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth，and to exhibitor game-playing，dishonesty是选项C，B，A的同义表达。

2.语义题。第三段第一行句中,研究人员commended的是increased commitment to volunteer work(年轻人参加志愿活动的责任心增加),所以应该是肯定的态度。句后But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically(Twenge对此现象持否定怀疑态度)更加断定,commended为肯定,选项A与之对应。

3.细节判断题。根据原文第四段首句unsure if there were obvious remedie可知不明确的是是否有明显的治疗法，而不是没有治疗法，而且之后文章举了一些治疗法的例子。

4.细节判断题。关键词collegestudents体现到文章第五段acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation,因此研究者和学生只是部分意见不符。

5.态度题。文章最后一句说到It would be more depressing if people answered, ‘No, I’m not special’(如果有人回答，不，我不特别，这可能更让人沮丧)，由此判断，当听人说I’m not special，应该持积极乐观的态度。

4.单选题

Formuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacomplexpubliclife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn’talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisfourscoreandone,orhadhefallenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoafflictlongtimemarriedcouples;onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave?

Pat,Nixon’swifeof53,diedlastJuneafteralongillness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofthespouseparticularlyawifeissometimesfollowedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWillDurantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcollaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence?

“Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeelingusandtakingcareofus,”saysKnulHelsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth,“thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves.”InoneoftheseveralstudiesHelsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityratesasmenwho’dneverbeenwidowed.

Women’shealthandresiliencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUC,SanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeclineinlevelsofimportantimmune-systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.Earlierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.

Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect.“Allsortsofpotentiallyharmfulmedicalproblemscanbeworsened,”saysGeraldDavision,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure,forexample,mayseeitrise.InNixon’scase,Davisionspeculates,“thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit.”Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse’swilltolive;suicideratesareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.

Involvementinlifehelpsprolongit.“Mortality,”saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanielBlazer,“ishigherinolderpeoplewithoutagoodsocial-supportsystem,whodon’tfeelthey’repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey‘fitin’somewhere.Andthat’smorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen.”“Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,”saysBlazer.“Apersonwholosesaspouseshowsdeteriorationinnormalhabitslikesleepingandeating,”hesays.“Theydon’thavetheotherpersontoorientthem,likewhendoyougotobed,whendoyouwakeup,whendoyoueat,whendoyoutakeyourmedication,whendoyougoouttotakeawalk?Yourpatternisnolongerlockedintosomeoneelse’spattern,soitdeteriorates.”Whileearlierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-orevenfirstweek—weretimesofhighermortalityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabilityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,siblingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicalcare,expressingemotionandaboveall,feelingneededandappreciated.

6.ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.

7.Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.

8.Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.

9.Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.

10.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.

问题1选项

A.73

B.81

C.77

D.65

问题2选项

A.causedbyhisheartdisease

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeath

C.theinevitableresultofoldage

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccident

问题3选项

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlives

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectancies

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowed

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’death

问题4选项

A.losehisorherfriends

B.diminishsocialactivities

C.bevulnerabletoillness

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scare

问题5选项

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriage

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriage

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriage

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriage

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】6.【选项释义】

ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.从文中可知，RichardNixon去世时年龄为____。

A.73A.73岁

B.81B.81岁

C.77C.77岁

D.65D.65岁

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词RichardNixondied定位到原文第一段。本段第3句提到“这位前总统活了81岁（hisfourscoreandone）”，由此可知，B选项“81岁”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】A选项“73岁”、C选项“77岁”、D选项“65岁”均不符合原文表述。

7.【选项释义】

Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.据研究丧亲之痛的研究人员称，RichardNixon的去世可能是____。

A.causedbyhisheartdiseaseA.是由心脏病引起的

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeathB.与他妻子的死有间接联系

C.theinevitableresultofoldageC.老年的必然结果

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccidentD.是由一场无法解释的事故造成的

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题要求选的是研究人员的观点。根据题干关键词researcherswhostudybereavement可定位到原文第1段第2-3句，该句提到“研究丧亲之痛的研究人员（researcherswhostudybereavement）”想知道Nixon的去世“仅仅是因为他已经活到81岁了（merelyrunhisfourscoreandone）”，还是因为“陷入了一种长期以来困扰着已婚夫妇的模式（fallenvictimtoapattern）：一个配偶很快就会跟着另一个进入坟墓（onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave）”，而且原文第2段第1句提到“Nixon的妻子久病后在前一年六月去世（died）。”并且第2段第4句提到“研究人员长期以来观察到（havelongobserved），配偶特别是妻子的去世，有时会伴随悲伤的幸存者过早死亡（followedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor）”。综上所述，根据研究人员的研究内容推测，他们认为Nixon去世可能与他妻子的死有关，B选项“与他妻子的死有间接联系”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“是由心脏病引起的”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，该句提到他“有严重的心脏病病史（hadahistoryofseriousheartdisease）”，但这不是研究人员认为的原因；

C选项“老年的必然结果”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，该句提到“他已经老了（hewaselderly）”，但这也不是研究人员认为的原因；

D选项“是由一场无法解释的事故造成的”,原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

8.【选项释义】

Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.在关于丧亲之痛的研究中，Helsing发现____。

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlivesA.再婚的男人过着更健康的生活

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectanciesB.未婚男性的预期寿命最长

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowedC.再婚鳏夫的死亡率并不高于从未丧偶的人

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’deathD.寡妇不受配偶死亡的影响

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词hisresearchonbereavement和Helsing定位到原文第3段最后一句，该句提到“他发现再婚的鳏夫与从未丧偶的男性一样有较低死亡率（thesamelowermortalityrates）。”由此可知，C选项“再婚鳏夫的死亡率并不高于从未丧偶的人”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“再婚的男人过着更健康的生活”，原文并未提及，并且没有明确比较对象，不符合题意，属于无中生有；

B选项“未婚男性的预期寿命最长”，原文并未提及，不是Helsing的研究内容，不符合题意，属于无中生有；

D选项“寡妇不受配偶死亡的影响”，不是Helsing的研究发现，并且根据原文第4段第1句的内容，该选项表述错误，该句提到“失去配偶后，妇女的健康和恢复能力也可能受到影响（sufferafterthelossofaspouse）。”

9.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.根据这篇文章，配偶的死亡可以导致幸存的一方____。

A.losehisorherfriendsA.失去朋友

B.diminishsocialactivitiesB.减少社交活动

C.bevulnerabletoillnessC.容易生病

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scareD.拒绝孩子的照顾

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词aspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto定位到原文第4段最后一句，该句提到“早期的研究表明，丧偶者免疫力下降（reducedimmunity）”；原文第5段第2句提到“各种可能有害的医疗问题都可能恶化（beworsened）。”由此可知，失去配偶的一方，免疫能力下降，现有的疾病容易恶化，C选项“容易生病”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“失去朋友”，可定位到原文第6段第3句，该句提到“男性没有女性那么多亲密的友谊（tendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen）”，由此可知，原文并不是说“失去配偶的人会失去朋友”，该选项属于偷换概念；

B选项“减少社交活动”，可定位到原文第6段第1句，该句提到“参与生活（Involvementinlife）有助于延长生命。”第6段最后一句提到“他们（子女们）可以确保他或她在社交（socializing）”。由此可知，原文表达的是让失去配偶的一方参与生活，进行社交，这样有利于延长寿命，并没有说“失去配偶的人会减少社交”，该选项属于偷换概念；

D选项“拒绝孩子的照顾”，原文第6段倒数第2句提到，专家建议“成年子女、兄弟姐妹和朋友们需要特别关注（payspecialattention）新近丧偶的父母。”原文并没有说“失去配偶的人会拒绝孩子的照顾”，反而说孩子们要多关注他们，该选项属于无中生有。

10.【选项释义】

Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.文章中暗示，鳏夫或寡妇遭受配偶死亡的痛苦，因为他们____。

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriageA.婚姻期间没有独立的准备

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriageB.婚姻期间不能照顾自己

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriageC.婚姻期间不愿与他人交往

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriageD.在婚姻中过于沉溺

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干，本题询问的是“鳏夫或寡妇因配偶死亡而痛苦”的原因。通读全篇可知，本文主要论述“失去配偶的一方也容易跟着去世”，原文第6段倒数第3句提到“在婚姻中保持强烈的独立意识（Astrongsenseofseparateidentity）和不过度依赖（lackofover-dependency）是有帮助的。”由此推断，他们痛苦的原因可能是过度依赖配偶，突然失去，难以接受，D选项“在婚姻中过于沉溺”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“婚姻期间没有独立的准备”，原文说他们在婚姻期间不够独立，不是说“他们在婚姻期间没有为独立做准备”，该选项属于偷换概念；

B选项“婚姻期间不能照顾自己”，可定位到原文第3段，第1句提到了约翰霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院（theJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth）的流行病学家KnulHelsing的观点，他认为“部分原因（Partofthestory）是男人们太习惯了让女人（sousedtoladies）感受、照顾我们，以至于失去妻子后，就会崩溃（gotopieces），不知道如何照顾自己（don’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves）。”由此可知，不能照顾自己可能是鳏夫们痛苦的原因，不是寡妇们痛苦的原因，该选项属于以偏概全；

C选项“婚姻期间不愿与他人交往”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

5.单选题

Rentalhousing,whichisanimportantcomponentofpriceindices,lookslikelytomoderateinthenextyear,inpartbecauseofan_______ofnewhomes.

问题1选项

A.override

B.oversupply

C.oversight

D.overture

【答案】B

【解析】override推翻,践踏;oversupply过度供给;oversight监管,疏忽;overture建议。句意：作为价格指数的一个重要组成部分,租赁住房的价格明年可能会回落,部分原因是新房供应过剩。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011,theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.

ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards.Althoughgoingtocollegeissupposedtobeafull-timejob,studentsspent,onaverage,only12to14hoursaweekstudyingandmanywereskatingthroughtheirsemesterswithoutdoingasignificantamountofreadingandwriting.Studentswhotakemorechallengingclassesandspendmoretimestudyingdolearnmore.Buttheprioritiesofmanyundergraduatesarewithextracurricularactivities,playingsports,andpartyingandsocializing.

LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents.InPayingfortheParty,Hamiltondescribeswhatshecallsthe“partypathway,”whicheasesmanystudentsthroughcollege,helpedalongbyvariousclubsthatsendstudentsintothepartysceneandahostofeasiermajors.Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate.

Thesestudentsneedtobuildskillsandknowledgeduringcollegeiftheyaretousetheirdegreesasastepping-stonetomiddle-classmobility.Butmoreprivilegedstudentsmustnotwastethisopportunityeither.Asrecentgraduatescantestify,thejobmarketisn’tkindtocandidateswhocan’tdemonstrategenuinecompetence,alongwithawell-cultivatedwillingnesstoworkhard.NoristheglobaleconomyforgivingofanAmericanworkforcewithincreasinglyweakliteracy,mathandscienceabilities.Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse.Butauniversitydegreeunaccompaniedbyagaininknowledgeorskillsisanemptyachievementindeed.Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover.

11.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

12.Whatisresponsibleforthestudents’lackofhigher-levelskills?

13.WhatdoesLauraHamiltonsayaboutcollegeadministrations?

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesociallyandfinanciallyprivilegedstudents?

15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Itaimsatstimulatingtheintellectualcuriosityofcollegestudents.

B.Itfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimes.

C.Ithasexperienceddramaticchangesinrecentyears.

D.Ithastriedhardtosatisfystudents’variousneeds.

问题2选项

A.Thedilutedcollegecurriculum.

B.Theboringclassroomactivities.

C.Theabsenceofrigorousdiscipline.

D.Theoutdatededucationalapproach.

问题3选项

A.Theyfailtogiveadequatehelptotheneedystudents.

B.Theytendtooffertoomanylesschallengingcourses.

C.Theyseemtobeoutoftouchwithsociety.

D.Theyprioritizenon-academicactivities.

问题4选项

A.Theytendtohaveasenseofsuperiorityovertheirpeers.

B.Theycanaffordtochooseeasiermajorsinordertoenjoythemselves.

C.Theyspendalotoftimebuildingstrongconnectionswithbusinesses.

D.Theycanclimbthesocialladderevenwithoutadegree.

问题5选项

A.Americanhighereducationhaslostitsglobalcompetitiveness.

B.PeopleshouldnotexpecttoomuchfromAmericanhighereducation.

C.ThecurrentsituationinAmericanhighereducationmaynotlastlong.

D.Itwilltakealongtimetochangethecurrenttrendinhighereducation.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段倒数一二句In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.“2011年，他们发布了一项具有里程碑意义的研究，题为《学术上的漂泊》，记录了许多上大学的人缺乏智力增长的经历。特别是，阿鲁姆和洛克萨发现，大学生没有培养出批判性思维、分析推理和其他更高层次的技能，而这些技能是在当今以知识为基础的经济中茁壮成长、在一个充满复杂挑战和动态变化的时代领导我们国家所必需的”，由此可知答案选B选项“它没能让学生做好面对现代挑战的准备”。

A选项“它旨在激发大学生的求知欲”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；

C选项“近年来，它经历了巨大的变化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“学校努力满足学生的各种需求”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

12.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第二段第一句话ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards“阿鲁姆和洛克萨将学生学习不足归咎于大学课程的淡化和本科学业标准的降低”，由此可知答案选A选项“掺水的大学课程”。

B选项“枯燥的课堂活动”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“缺乏严格的纪律”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“过时的教育方法”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

13.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句话LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents“劳拉•汉密尔顿是一项关于支付大学学费的家长的研究的作者，她将在即将出版的一本书中指出，大学管理部门过于关注学生的社交和体育活动”，由此可知答案选D“他们优先考虑非学术活动”。

A选项“他们没有给贫困学生足够的帮助”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“他们往往提供太多缺乏挑战性的课程”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“他们似乎与社会脱节了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

14.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段最后一句话Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate“通过批准这种弱化版的大学，大学是在“以牺牲其他人的利益来满足富裕学生的社会和教育需求”，而这些人一旦毕业，就无法享受富裕学生的经济支持或社会关系”，从这里可知答案选B选项“为了享受生活，他们可以选择更容易的专业”。

A选项“他们往往比同龄人有一种优越感”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“他们花大量时间与企业建立牢固的联系”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“即使没有学位，他们也能爬上社会的阶梯”，定位到第三段第五句Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse“当然，大学毕业生仍然比那些只有高中学历的人要好得多”，从这里可知D选项错误。

15.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句话Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover“对于那些在大学里过得很轻松的学生，以及对工作要求更少、提供更多吸引力、收取更高学费的美国大学来说，这场派对可能很快就要结束了”，从文章的关键词maysoonbeover可以看出，作者认为美国大学这种状态很快会消失，由此可以推断C选项“美国高等教育的现状可能不会持续太久”正确。

A选项“美国高等教育已经失去了其全球竞争力”，文章虽然在批判美国现在的教育制度但是没有提到美国的高等教育失去竞争力了，这里属于无中生有；

B选项“人们不应该对美国的高等教育期望过高”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“要改变目前高等教育的趋势需要很长时间”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。

7.单选题

This（）tothestudyofdiseasesistechnicallyreferredtoasepidemiological.

问题1选项

A.method

B.solution

C.means

D.approach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。由句意可知，tothestudyofdiseases修饰空缺处的名词，A、C、D三个选项都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以与to搭配表示“.…..的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解决方案”，与句意不符，可排除。因此，本题正确答案为D项。【句意】这种疾病研究方法在技术上称之为流行病学法。

8.单选题

Wearedoingthisworkinthe（

）ofreformsintheeconomic,socialandculturalsphere

问题1选项

A.context

B.contest

C.texture

D.pretext

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们正在经济、社会、文化改革的背景下开展这项工作。

考查名词辨析。Context上下文,环境,背景;contest比赛,竞争;texture质地,纹理;pretext借口,托辞。因此A符合句意。

9.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror“provider”andpurchaseror“consumer”inthetypicaldoctor—patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday”,whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer.”Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe“powercenter”inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants:thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisforillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto“returnnextWednesday”(para.2),thedoctorisineffect______.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto______.

5.Itisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”(Para.3)meansthatthephysicianisthepartythat______.

问题1选项

A.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient’sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

问题2选项

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofthepatient’sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

D.adoctorisultimatel