考研考博-英语-新疆大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Trynottosayanythinghurtfultoher.Sheisavery（

）person.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.sensitive

C.tough

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sensible“明智的，合乎情理的”；B选项sensitive“敏感的，易受影响的”；C选项tough“坚强的，强壮的”；D选项reasonable“合理的”。句意：不要说任何伤害她的话。她是非常（）的人。根据前面一句，不要说任何伤害她的话，所以可以推测“她”可能会比较敏感，所以答案选B。

2.单选题

Itisridiculousthatwe（）.

问题1选项

A.areshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining

B.beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining

C.mightbeshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining

D.couldbeshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining

【答案】B

【解析】考査虚拟语气。Itis/was+adj/n+that+主语+虚拟语气。that后面的从句用should+原形,

其中should可省略,

选项B就是省略了should的虚拟语气,

所以选B。

3.单选题

Thedeclineinmoralstandards——whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalamentforsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

问题1选项

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

问题2选项

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

问题3选项

A.Greatmobility.

B.Concernforone’sneighbors.

C.Emphasisonindividualeffort

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.

问题4选项

A.wassomethingunheardof

B.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

C.attractedalotofpublicattention

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

问题5选项

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据关键词“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.”由此可知,Elshtain教授很高兴看到大多数美国人开始认识到社会道德标准的下降。选项D符合原文。

2.根据到第三段的二、三句,“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.”美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。选项B以自我为中心的个人主义思想，符合原文。

3.根据第四段的第一句话,“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother.”可知，选项B正确。

4.根据关键词“1950”定位到第三段第二句话,“DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.”“unheardofinthe1950s”指在1950年代闻所未闻，由此说明1950年代不存在校园暴力。选项A正确。

5.根据关键词“Elshtain¤tmoraldecline”定位到最后一段的第一句话“Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety.”除非人们找到对抗社会物质主义的方法，否则道德滑坡是不会逆转的。由此可见,当人们减少对物质的追求时,道德水准的下降趋势可能得以扭转。选项D符合原文。

4.单选题

WiththereleaseofthePiano,apowerfullyemotionalstorysetinnineteenth-centuryNewZealandaboutawoman’ssexualawakening,theNewZealand—bornJaneCampionhasestablishedherselfasoneofthemosttalentedfemalefilmmakerstocomeuponthesceneinrecentyears.ThefilmnotonlyreceivedpraisefulreviewsfromcriticsandmoviegoersbutwontheCannesFilmFestivalstopprizethePalmeD’Or,makingCampionthefirstwomanovertobesohonored.Campion'ssuccessisnotablealsobecausesheisarelativenewcomertothefilmworld:theforty-year-olddirectorhasmadejustthreefeatures(includingThePiano),atelevisionmovie,andahandfulofshortsdatingfromherstudentdays.

AlthoughCampion’sfilmsappearatfirstglancetohavelittleincommon—herfirstfeature,Sweetie,isaveryhonest(somewouldsaycruellyunfeeling)portraitofadysfunctionalfamilyandhersecond,AnAngelatMyTable,isasympatheticbiographyofthenewZealandnovelistJanetFrame-eachreflectsherfeelingforstrong-willed,oftenmisunderstoodwomenwhorefuse,orareunabletogivethemselvesuptotheirrespectivesocieties'definitionsofwomanhood.AccordingtoDavidSterrittwritingintheChristianScienceMonitor,ThePiano"gainmuchofitseffectivenessfromCampionsdirectingstyle,whichcombinesthedreamlikeatmosphereofherearlyfilmSweetiewiththesensitivitytofeelingsthatmadeherlastmovieAnAngelatMyTable,soextraordinary."Alsocontributingtothefilm’ssuccesswasCampion'sabilitytoinducefineperformancesfromhercharacter."ShedirectsactorsdifferentlyfromanyoneI’veeverknown,"SamNeiltoldPaulFreemaninaninterviewfortheChicagoTribute"IalwaysfeltthattherewasabigsafetynetundertheandthatIwaspermittedtotakeasmanyrisksasIwantedto."GenevieveLemon,whohadplayedthetitleroleinSweetieandtookthesupportingroleofNessieinThePiano,agreedCampionisalreadyatworkonhernextprojectanadaptationofHenryJaures'snovelThePortraitofaLady.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Campion'sthreemoviessharewhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

3.ItcanbeconcludedthatCampionisregardedasoneofthemosttalentedfilmmakersinrecentyearsbecause（）

.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatCampion'sdirectingstyleofthethirdmovie（）

.

5.TheauthorimpliesthatCampionisdifferentfromotherfilmmakersinthat（）

问题1选项

A.presentingtheinterrelationshipsbetweenCampionsthreemovies

B.commentingonJaneCampionasafilmmakerandherrecentmovie,ThePiano

C.explainingwhyThePianowasasuccess

D.criticizingJaneCampionandherthreemovies

问题2选项

A.Allofthemseemtobequitecommonplaceatfirstglance.

B.AllofthemdealwithstoriesthattookplaceinNewZealand.

C.Allofthemdescribeawomanwhoisrebelliousagainstthetraditionalviewoffemale.

D.Eachmovieminorsthetimewhenthemoviewasproduced.

问题3选项

A.themoviethathasbroughtsuchgreathonortoherisjustthethirdfeatureshehasproduced

B.sheisonly40yearsold

C.sheisthefirstwomanwhohasreceivedsuchhonors

D.shebeganhermovieproductionfromherstudentdays

问题4选项

A.isasimplecombinationofthoseinhertwoearlymovies

B.contributedgreatlytothesuccessofthemovie

C.ismuchofanimitationofpreviousones

D.isquitecreative

问题5选项

A.sheisespeciallygoodatmakingtheactorsperformtothebestoftheirability

B.sheisquiteabletoassuretheactorsoftheirsuccess

C.shetendstoencouragetheactorstotakeasmanyrisksaspossible

D.shealwaysplacesabigsafetynetundertheactorswhendirectingthemovies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:通读全文可知，本文主要是讲JaneCampion和她最近的电影《钢琴课》。选项B正确。

第2题:根据原文可知，Campion一共拍了3部电影，看似都是平淡无奇，实则体现出新时代女性反对传统的观念。选项C符合原文。

第3题:根据第一段的最后一句话的内容可知，Campion之所以被认为是近年来最有天赋的制作人之一，因为她是电影界的新人：这位40岁的导演只拍过三部电影（包括钢琴课）、一部电视剧，还有几部学生时代的短片。电影届的新人说明Campion在这个年纪就已经拍出了不错的电影，为她带来如此巨大荣誉的电影只是她制作的第三部电影，后面还会有更大的发展，所以，选项A更符合原文。

第4题:根据第二段“ThePiano"gainmuchofitseffectivenessfromCampionsdirectingstyle.”钢琴课在很大程度上得益于Campion的导演风格，正是这种风格导致了电影的成功。所以选项B正确。

第5题:根据第二段”Alsocontributingtothefilm’ssuccesswasCampion'sabilitytoinducefineperformancesfromhercharacter.”可知，同样使电影获得成功的是Campion让演员尽其所能的能力。选项A符合原文。

5.单选题

Mostofhisfellowworkersdon'tlikehimbecauseheoften___ofhispastglory.

问题1选项

A.bursts

B.bawls

C.boasts

D.bans

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.bursts爆发B.bawls大叫

C.boasts自夸；夸耀D.bans禁止

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】空格处接of组成固定短语。空格处的动词与光辉事迹相连接，与前文同事们不喜欢他相照应。C选项boastof“自夸”在这里表示他总是自己夸耀自己，符合句子逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他的大多数同事都不喜欢他，因为他经常吹嘘自己过去的辉煌。

6.单选题

Claimsleftbehindinbankruptcygenerallyhaveonlya_______chanceofbeingpaid,sincetheyareunsecuredandnotbackedbyassets.

问题1选项

A.slender

B.slim

C.sizable

D.spare

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slender微薄的，不足的（数量或尺寸）B.slim微薄的，不足的（没有想要的、期待的那么大）（aslimchance机会渺茫）

C.sizable相当大的D.spare不用的，闲置的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词since，可知句子前后表示因果关系，因为在破产中遗留下来的债权没有担保和资金支持，所以得到偿付的机会______，slim符合语境，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合相应的逻辑关系。

【句意】在破产中遗留下来的债权通常只有很小的机会得到偿付，因为它们没有担保，也没有资产支持。

7.单选题

Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstu-pid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sbrainswithstupidity.

Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,psychologistsatBrownUniversityintheUSAhavebeencomparingthebehaviourofbirdsandhumans.OneexperimenthasinvolvedteachingpigeonstorecognizelettersoftheEnglishalphabet.Thebirdsstudyin“classrooms”，whichareboxesequippedwithacomputer.Afteraboutfourdaysofstudyingaparticularletter,thepigeonhastopickoutthatletterfromseveraldis-playedonthecomputerscreen.Threemalepigeonshavelearnttodistinguishalltwenty-sixlettersofthealphabetinthisway.

Acomputerrecordofthebirds’four-monthstudyperiodhasshownsurprisingsimilar-itiesbetweenthepigeons’andhumanperformance.Pigeonsandpeoplefindthesameletterseasy,orhard,totellapart.Forexample,92percentofthetimethepigeonscouldtelltheletterDfromtheletterZ.ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchil-dren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime.

Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfunda-mentalabouttherecognitionprocess.Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecog-nitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.Thedisadvantageofapresentcomputeristhatitcanonlydowhatahumanbeinghasprogrammedittodoandtheprogrammermustgivethecomputerprecise,logicalinstructions.Maybeinthefuture,though,computerswillbeabletothinklikehumanbeings.

1.Thewritersuggeststhattheexpression“bird-brained”mightbeoutofusesoonbe-causeitis（）

2.sychologistshavebeenexperimentingwithpigeonstofindoutwhetherthebirds

3.UandVareconfusedby（）.

4.Therearesimilaritiesinobservingthingsbypigeonsandhumans（）.

5.Theresearchmayhelp（）•

问题1选项

A.silly

B.impolite

C.unnecessary

D.inappropriate

问题2选项

A.arereallysillyorstupid

B.canlearntomakeideasknowntopeople

C.seetheworldashumanbeingsdo

D.learnmorequicklythanchildren

问题3选项

A.92percentofpigeons

B.manyEnglishchildren

C.mostpeoplelearningEnglish

D.4percentofEnglishchildren

问题4选项

A.becausepigeonsaretaughtbyhumans

B.becausepigeonshavebrainsmoredevelopedthanotherbirds

C.becausetheirbasicwaystoknowtheworldarethesame

D.becausepigeonsandhumanshavesimilarbrains

问题5选项

A.computerdesigners

B.computersalesmen

C.psychologists

D.teachers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据题干关键词“bird-brained”定位至第一段：Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstupid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sBrainswithstupidity（在英语中，如果称某人为“鸟脑”，意思就是这个人非常愚蠢或没头脑。不过最近的一项研究显示，这个叫法可能很快会不再使用。看来英语将鸟的大脑与愚蠢联系在一起是不公平的）。因此，正确答案为D。

2.根据题干关键词“Psychologists,experimenting,pigeons”定位至第二段：Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld，美国布朗大学的心理学家将鸟类和人类的行为进行了比较，为了了解不同的生物是怎么领会世界的。据此可知，心理学家用鸽子做实验是为了发现鸟类与人类在领会世界方面是否相同。

3.根据题干定位至第三段：ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchildren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime（当面对字母U和V（英语孩子常常混淆这两个字母）时，鸽子的正确率只有34%）。据此可知B项正确。

4.根据题干关键词“observingthingsbypigeonsandhumans”定位至第四段：Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfundamentalabouttherecognitionprocess.（目前为止，心理学家从这些实验结果得到的结论是，鸽子和人类以相似的方式观察事物。这表明，识别过程具有基本的因素。）据此可知，鸽子和人类在观察事物方面相似是因为他们认识世界的基本方法相同，因此正确答案为C。

5.根据题干关键词“research”定位至第四段，第四段讲的是resultsoftheexperiments（试验结果）：Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecognitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.”可知，这将给计算机设计师带来很大的益处，A项正确。

8.单选题

Inmyeyes,theoldgenerationisalways（）.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.costly

C.expensive

D.thrifty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的；经济学的”；B选项costly“昂贵的；代价高的”；C选项expensive“昂贵的”；D选项thrifty“节检的；节约的”。句意：在我眼里，老一辈总是……的。关键词theoldgeneration老一辈的消费观偏向于节约。故选D。

9.单选题

Attheageoftwelveyears,thehumanbodyisatitsmostvigorous.Ithasyettoreachitsfullsizeandstrength,anditsownerhisorherfullintelligence,butatthisagethelikelihoodofdeathisleast.Earlier,wewereinfantsandyoungchildren,andconsequentlymorevulnerable;later,weshallundergoaprogressivelossofourvigorandresistancewhich,thoughimperceptibleatfirst,willfinallybecomesosteepthatwecanlivenolonger,howeverwellwelookafterourselves,andhoweverwellsociety,andourdoctors,lookafterus.

Thisdeclineinvigorwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.Itisoneofthemostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthisway,thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseaseweshalleventually“dieofoldage”,andthatthishappensataratewhichdifferslittlefrompersontoperson,sothatthereareheavyoddsinfavorofourdyingbetweentheagesofsixty-fiveandeighty.Someofuswilldiesooner,afewwilllivelonger—onintoaninthortenthdecade.Butthechancesareagainstit,andthereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyandrobustweare.

Normalpeopletendtoforgetthisprocessunlessanduntiltheyareremindedofit.Wearesofamiliarwiththefactthatmanages,thatpeoplehaveforyearsassumedthattheprocessoflosingvigorwithtime,ofbecomingmorelikelytodietheodderweget,wassomethingself-evident,likethecoolingofahotkettleorthewearingoutofapairofshoes.Theyhavealsoassumedthatallanimals,andprobablyotherorganismssuchastrees,oreventheuniverseitself,mustinthenatureofthings“wearout”.

Mostanimalswecommonlyobservedoinfactageaswedo,ifgiventhechancetolivelongenough;andmechanicalsystemslikeawoundwatch,orthesun,doinfactrunoutofenergyinaccordancewiththesecondlawofthermodynamics(热力学)(whetherthewholeuniversedoessoisamootpointatpresent).Butthesearenotanalogoustowhathappenswhenmanages.Arun-downwatchisstillawatchandcanberewound.Anoldwatch,bycontrast,becomessowornandunreliablewhatiteventuallyisnotworthmending.Butawatchcouldneverrepairitself—itdoesnotconsistoflivingparts,onlyofmetal,whichwearsawaybyfriction.Wecould,atonetime,repairourselves—wellenough,atleast,toovercomeallbutthemostinstantlyfatalillnessesandaccidents.Betweentwelveandeightyyearswegraduallylosethispower,anillnesswhichattwelvewouldknockusover,ateightycanknockusout,andintoourgrave.Ifwecouldstayasvigorousasweareattwelve,itwouldtakeabout700yearsforhalfofustodie,andanother700forthesurvivorstobereducedbyhalfagain.

36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

37.Theword“it”inthelastsentenceofParagraphTworefersto（）.

38.Whatisageing?

39.Whatdotheexampleofwatchshow?

40.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsthestyleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Ourfirsttwelveyearsrepresentthepeakofhumandevelopment.

B.Peopleusuallyareunhappywhenremindedofageing.

C.Normallyonlyafewofuscanlivetotheireightiesandnineties.

D.Peopleareusuallylesslikelytodieattwelveyearsold.

问题2选项

A.remainingaliveuntil65

B.remainingaliveafter80

C.dyingbefore65orafter80

D.dyingbetween65and80

问题3选项

A.Itisusuallyaphenomenonofdyingatanoldage.

B.Itisafactthatpeoplecannotliveanylonger.

C.Itisagraduallossofvigorandresistance.

D.Itisaphasewhenpeopleareeasilyattackedbyillness.

问题4选项

A.Normallypeoplearequitefamiliarwiththeageingprocess.

B.Allanimalandotherorganismsundergotheageingprocess.

C.Thelawofthermodynamicsfunctionsintheageingprocess.

D.Human’sageingprocessisdifferentfromthatofmechanisms.

问题5选项

A.Argumentation

B.Exposition

C.Narration

D.Description

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】36.推理判断题。定位到第一段Attheageoftwelveyears,thehumanbodyisatitsmostvigorous.Ithasyettoreachitsfullsizeandstrength,anditsownerhisorherfullintelligence,butatthisagethelikelihoodofdeathisleast.（人长到12岁时，身体处于最旺盛时期。虽然身材、力量和智力都还有待发展和完善，但这时候死亡的几率最小。）因此可排除A选项“我们头一个12年代表了人类发展的巅峰”。D选项“人们通常不太可能在12岁时死亡”符合原文，正确。B选项“当人们想到衰老时，通常会不高兴”，定位到第二段Itisoneofthemostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthisway.（人类发现的最不愉快的一个事实是人必然会衰老。）由此可知，B选项符合题意。C选项“通常我们中只有少数人能活到八九十岁”，定位到第二段Someofuswilldiesooner,afewwilllivelonger—onintoaninthortenthdecade.（我们中的一些人会死得早一些，少数人会活得更长——活到九十、一百岁。）由此可知，C选项也符合题意。故选A。

37.词义推测题。定位在第二段Someofuswilldiesooner,afewwilllivelonger—onintoaninthortenthdecade.Butthechancesareagainstit,andthereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyandrobustweare.（我们中的一些人将死得早，很少人会活得更长，到第九个或第十个十年。但是这样的几率很小，我们所能期望的寿命实际上是有限度的，无论我们多幸运多强健。）由此可知it应该指代前一句的内容，很少人能够活到第九个十年或者第十个十年。因此B选项“80岁后还活着”正确，符合题意。A选项“活到65岁”，C选项“在65岁前或80岁后死亡”，D选项“在65到80岁之间死去”均不符合题意，可排除。故选B。

38.客观细节题。由关键词ageing定位到第二段Thisdeclineinvigorwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.（这种活力随着时间的流逝而衰退的现象叫作衰老。）和第一段中的weshallundergoaprogressivelossofourvigorandresistancewhich,thoughimperceptibleatfirst.（我们将经历精力和抵抗力逐渐衰退的过程，虽然在开始时难以觉察。）可知C选项“衰老是一种逐渐丧失活力和抵抗力的过程”正确，符合题意。A选项“衰老通常是一种老年死亡的现象”，B选项“人们不能再活下去了，这是一个事实”，D选项“衰老是一个人们容易受到疾病攻击的阶段”均不符合衰老的定义描述，可排除。故选C。

39.推理判断题。定位到第四段andmechanicalsystemslikeawoundwatch,orthesun,doinfactrunoutofenergyinaccordancewiththesecondlawofthermodynamics(热力学)(whetherthewholeuniversedoessoisamootpointatpresent).Butthesearenotanalogoustowhathappenswhenmanages.（机械系统，如一块上发条的表，或者太阳，实际上的确会遵循热力学第二定律耗尽能量（整个宇宙是否如此，目前是一个有争议的问题）。但是这些和人类老化的情况并不相同。）可以推理出，人类的老化与机械装置的老化是不同的。手表不能像人类的身体那样进行自我修复，而人类的自我修复还可以在一定程度上缓解病痛、延长生命，所以D选项“人的衰老过程不同于机械的衰老过程”正确，符合题意。A选项“通常人们对衰老过程相当熟悉”，B选项“所有动物和其他生物都要经历老化过程”，C选项“热力学定律在老化过程中起作用”均与题意不符，故选D。

40.推理判断题。本文从衰老起始时间（十二岁）入手，主要介绍了衰老过程的相关内容。文中通过引用一些数据和使用对比等手段，说明了衰老的过程、必然性及其与机械装置损耗的区别所在。由此可知，本文属于说明文体。因此B选项“说明文”正确，符合题意。A选项“议论文”，C选项“记叙文”，D选项“描述文”，均不符合题意，故选B。

10.单选题

Ifyoudriveamotorcartothedangerofthepublic,youmaymakeyourself（）aheavyfine.

问题1选项

A.liableto

B.acquaintedwith

C.alertto

D.relevantto

【答案】A

【解析】liableto容易；acquaintedwith熟悉,

了解,

与...相识；alertto警告；relevantto与...有关的,

相应的。句意：如果你驾驶一辆汽车对大众造成了危害,

你有可能会受到重罚。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

______Stevesaid:“IwillbecomingbackandifconditionsdonotworsensounexpectedlyIhopetomeetyouagain.”

问题1选项

A.Cryptically

B.Deservedly

C.Exceedingly

D.Excessively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项cryptically“隐秘地，意义含糊地”，B项deservedly“理所当然地，应得报酬地”，C项exceedingly“非常，极其，极度地”，D项excessively“过分地，极度”。由双引号内的句意“我会回来的，如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化，我希望能再次见到你”可知，四个选项中把A项代入进去最符合句子的语境。句意：史蒂夫含糊其词地说：“我会回来的，如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化，我希望能再次见到你。”因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

问题1选项

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。notmorethan不超过，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，仅仅，同样不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。

13.单选题

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（

）.

问题1选项

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum真空；question问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。

句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencyshouldbeachievedifseveralpeoplecollaboratetosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.Theassumptionisbynomeansinvariablytrue.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereisacounter-balancingneedtocontendwithconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroupandtogiveitcoherentdirections.Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirectionbutpermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofavarietyofopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblem-solvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.Solutionssimplymayreflectthepresenceofanoutstandingindividualwhomightperformevenbetterbyhimself.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscoverananswer,theirnetman-hourefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Aprocesscalledbrainstorminghasbeenofferedasamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems.Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomesuperiorsolutionswillemerge.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferent(andessential)resourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanreadilyachievealone;suchpoolingofinformationandskillscanmakegroupachievementssuperiorindealingwithselectedproblems.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasinglealternative,asinformulatingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderdemocraticgovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralalternativesolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorarguesthatthinkingingroups（）

2.Thephrase‘contendwith’inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,comparedwithanindividual,agroup（）

4.Theword‘brainstorming’inParagraphFourroughlymeans（）

5.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）

问题1选项

A.isthebestwaytosolveanyproblems

B.isbynomeansusefulinproblem-solving

C.mayresultineffectiveproblem-solvingundercertaincircumstances

D.willinevitablyproducegreaterefficiencyinproblem-solvingthanindividualthinking

问题2选项

A.handle

B.arguewith

C.satisfy

D.competewith

问题3选项

A.mayneedmoretimetodiscoverananswer

B.needsaneffectiveleadertoprovidedirection

C.oftenfailstoresolveconflictsamongitsmembers

D.willalwaysproducebettersuggestions

问题4选项

A.offeringamethodoffacilitatingtheproductionofnewsolutionstoproblems

B.unrestrainedofferingofideasandsuggestionsbyagroupofpeopletoseeksolutionstoproblems

C.increasingtheefficiencyinproblem-solvingbyworkingwitheachother

D.forcingpeopletoworktogethertosolveaproblem

问题5选项

A.solvingproblemsthatneedintensivestudy

B.analyzinginformationanddata

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.selectingthebestsolutiontoaproblem

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythandoesareasonablycompetentindividual.”在特殊情况下，一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。选项C符合原文。

2.词义题。根据原文可知，这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突，选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem-solvingisfacilitatedbythepresenceofaneffectiveleader…”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。选项B符合原文。

4.语义题。根据第四段的第二句“Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfewinhibitionsaspossible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群人，然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西，而不管质量如何，并且尽可能不受限制。也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议，寻求问题的解决方案；选项B正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知：在处理国家问题上，集体比个人更有效率。

15.单选题

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A项eliminate“消除”，B项revoke“撤回，取消”，C项modify“修饰”，D项blend“混合，协调”；句意：随着文化的融合和传统的丧失，移民将会被同化。根据句意该题选D。

16.单选题

Wemustlookbeyondandassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

问题1选项

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justifications“理由，辩护”；B选项illusions“幻觉，错觉”；C选项manifestations“显示，证明”；D选项specifications“规格，说明书”。句意：“我们必须透过（）和假设，然后努力发觉什么东西不见了”。这里和关键词assumptions对应的只有选项B