(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修四 Unit 5 Launching Your Career (含解析)

PAGEUNIT5LaunchingYourCareerA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空LiangYuwasanexcellentstudent1.________wasabouttograduatefromschool.Butonemorningshe2.________(face)withaquestionshehadnotthoughtof3.________(serious)before—whatshewantedtodoaftersheleftuniversity.Maybesheneededtodosomeresearch,sothenextmorningshemadeanappointment4.________(see)DrWangXuemei.DrWangdidnotaskheranyquestionsbuthandedheraquestionnaireandaskedhertofillitin.5.________(complete)theform,DrWangtoldher6.________questionnaireshowedthatshelikedtoworkcooperatively.ThenDrWanggaveherthenextquestionnaire.AfterLiangYufilledinherquestionnaire,DrWangsuggestedengineering,agro­scientificresearchor7.________(environment)scienceaspossiblecareers.Butshealso8.________(advise)LiangYutoconsiderthesocial9.________(need)ofthecountryandtrytomakehertrainingasflexibleaspossible.DrWangsaidthemostimportantthingforheristodosomeresearch10.________herowntofindoutasmuchasshecouldaboutwhatwasavailableandwhatwassuitableforher.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了即将毕业的梁玉就自己的未来职业向王博士征求意见的过程。1.who考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空格后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词student，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。2.wasfaced考查固定短语。befacedwith为固定短语，意为“面对”，再结合文章的时态可知，本空应填wasfaced。3.seriously考查副词。修饰谓语动词thoughtof要用副词。4.tosee考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。5.Havingcompleted考查非谓语动词。所填词在句中作时间状语，该动作发生在主句动作told之前，与主语之间是主动关系，故填Havingcompleted。注意第一个字母要大写。6.the考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的问卷调查，故填定冠词the。7.environmental考查形容词。修饰名词science要用形容词。8.advised考查时态。文章的主体时态是一般过去时，故该空要填advised。9.needs考查名词。need是可数名词，此处表示社会的不同需求，故用复数形式。10.on考查介词。onone'sown为固定短语，意为“独自；独立”。BIthoughtthatIhadgreatskillsin1.________(deal)withkids,soIappliedforajobtoteachkids.Thedayofmyinterviewwasalsomyfirstdayofwork.Myfirstmistakeledtomyfirstlesson.Don'ttrytomake2.________(friend)withmanagers,butberespectful.Aftergoingthroughsomeworkwith3.________coupleofkidsIlearnedIwasnotasgoodasIhadthought,anditwas4.________(good)toaskforhelpthandowhatyouthoughtwasright.Afewdaysafterwork,feelingpressuredtodoagoodjob,Ifoundrepetition5.________(make)itmorecomfortable.Itwasn'tlong6.________Ilearnedhowtodeveloprespectfulrelationshipswithmybossesandwhattoneofvoice7.________(use)withkids.Istartedsoundingmoreconfidentandrealisedthatthemoreconfidentyousound,themore8.________seemsthatyouknowwhatyouaredoing.WhatsurprisedmemostafterafewmonthswashowlittlemoneyIhadspent.Moneyfromworkinglonghoursseemedtobemorevaluabletomethanmoney9.________(give)bymyparents.Ikeptitfirmlyinmyhandsandsuddenlyshoppingwasa10.________(total)differentexperience.ThecostofitemstranslatedintohowmanyhoursIneededtoworktopayforit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从事第一份工作后的几个体会。1.dealing考查非谓语动词。介词后要用v.­ing形式。2.friends考查固定短语。makefriendswith为固定短语，意为“与……交朋友”，空后为withmanagers,故friend要用复数形式。3.a考查固定短语。acoupleof为固定短语，意为“几个；一双，一对”。4.better考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than可知，此处要用比较级形式。5.made考查时态。文章的主体时态是一般过去时，故该空要填made。6.before考查连词。Itwasn'tlongbefore...为固定句型，意为“不久……就……”。7.touse考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作后置定语。8.it考查代词。Itseemsthat...为固定句型，意为“好像……”。9.given考查非谓语动词。所填词在句中作后置定语，与修饰词money之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。10.totally考查副词。修饰形容词different要用副词。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.看电影时我不知不觉就睡着了。(状语从句的省略)When/While_watching_the_movie,IfellasleepbeforeIknewit.2.这是因为乘飞机旅行有一些好处。(Thisisbecause...)This_is_becauseairtravelhassomeadvantages.3.没有人知道一百年后我们的生活会是什么样子。(what)Nooneknowswhat_our_life_will_be_likeinonehundredyears.4.我希望我今天早上睡得多一点，但是我不得不起床来上课。(wish)Iwish_I_had_slept_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.5.学校商店的顾客主要是学生，在假期是关闭的。(非限制性定语从句)Theschoolshop,whose_customers_are_mainly_students,isclosedintheholidays.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解In1926,USautomakerHenryFordshorteneditsemployees'workweekfromsixeight­hourdaystofive,withnopaycuts.It'ssomethingworkersandlabourunionshadbeencallingfor.Fordwasn'trespondingtoworkers'demands;hewasbeingabusinessman.Heexpectedincreasedproductivityandknewworkerswithmoretimeandmoneywouldbuyandusetheproductstheyweremaking.Itwasawayofencouragingconsumerismandproductivitytoincreaseprofits,anditsucceeded.Sincestandardisationofthe40­hourworkweekinthemid­20thcentury,everythinghaschangedbutthehours.Ifanything,manypeopleareworkingevenlongerhours,especiallyinNorthAmerica.Thishasasevereinfluenceonhumanhealthandwell­being,aswellastheenvironment.UntiltheSecondWorldWar,itwascommonforonepersoninafamily,usuallytheoldestmale,toworkfull­time.Now,womenmakeup42percentoftheworld'sfull­timeworkforce.Technologyhasmadealotofworkunnecessary,withcomputersandrobotsdoingmanytaskspreviouslyperformedbyhumans.Wellintothe21stcentury,wecontinuetoworkthesamelonghoursasthe20th­centurylabourers,usingupevermoreofEarth'ssupplytoproducemoregoodsthatwemustkeepworkingtobuy,useandreplaceinaseeminglyendlesscycleofhardworkandconsumption.It'stimetopauseandconsiderbetterwaystolivelikeshiftingfromfossil­fueledlifestyleswithwhichourconsumer­basedworkweeksareconnected.TheUKthinktank,NewEconomicsFoundation,arguesthatastandard21­hourworkweekwouldaddressanumberofinterconnectedproblems:overwork,unemployment,over­consumption,highcarbonemissions,lowwell­being,andthelackoftimetolivesustainably,tocareforeachother,andsimplytoenjoylife.Economicsystemsthatrequireconstantgrowthonafinite(有限的)planetdon'tmakesense.It'stimeforachangeinoureconomicthinking.1.WhydidForddecidetoshortentheworkweek?A.Tocutworkers'pay.B.Tomakemoreprofits.C.Torespondtoworkers'demands.D.Tomeetlabourunions'requirements.2.WhatchangeintheworkforcehappenedafterWorldWarⅡ？A.Morewomenworkedfull­time.B.Thenumberoflabourdecreased.C.Technologyenabledpeopletoworkshorterhours.D.Itwasunnecessaryforafamily'soldestmaletowork.3.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Longerworkinghoursmeansbetterconsumptionability.B.The21stcenturyseesthelongestworkinghoursinhistory.C.Thecycleofhardworkandconsumptionshouldbechanged.D.Pausingourwayoflivingcanchangethepresentworkweek.4.NewEconomicsFoundationthinksa21­hourworkweekwill________.A.increaseunemploymentB.causevariousproblemsC.encouragepeopletoenjoylifeD.challengetheeconomicgrowth【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了随着经济和社会各个方面的发展，每周工作时长也有必要调整。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itwasawayofencouragingconsumerismandproductivitytoincreaseprofits,anditsucceeded.”可知，福特公司的举措的目的是鼓励消费和提高工作效率，进而提高效益。故选B。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“UntiltheSecondWorldWar,itwascommonforonepersoninafamily,usuallytheoldestmale,toworkfull­time.Now,womenmakeup42percentoftheworld'sfull­timeworkforce.”可知，第二次世界大战之前每个家庭中一般是最年长的男性工作，而在那之后至今，越来越多的女性成为主要劳动力。故选A。3.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“aseeminglyendlesscycleofhardworkandconsumption”和“It'stimetopauseandconsiderbetterwaystolivelikeshiftingfromfossil­fueledlifestyleswithwhichourconsumer­basedworkweeksareconnected.”可知，努力工作和消费的循环应该改变。故选C。4.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，英国新经济基金会认为每周工作21个小时能够鼓励人们享受生活。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五Youmayhavecomeacrossthepicturethathasanumberdrawnonthefloorwithtwopeoplestandingoneithersideofthenumber.Onepersonseesa6,andtheotherseesa9.1Theycouldeitherstaytherearguingandholdingontotheirideas,ortheycouldmovearoundandseethedifferenceintheirthoughts.Thisistheperspective(视角)．2Theworldwouldbeabetterplaceifpeopleunderstoodthis.Butbeforeyoustartthinkingofhowyoucanstartseeingthingsfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson,youneedtofirstknowwhatalifeperspectiveis.Justliketheexample,alifeperspectiveisthewayweseelife,includingthewayweapproachlifeandallthatareinourpersonalexperience.3Whatweusuallyhavearetwodifferentperspectivesononething.Wehaveapersonsayingsomethingisbadandshouldnotbedone,andthenwehaveanotherpersonsayingthat“bad”isastrongwordtouseforthesamething.4Andeveryoneseesthingsalotdifferentlycomparedtothenextperson.Thismakeslifemorecomplexbecause,insteadofseeingthesimilaritiesweshare,weoftenfocusonwhatisdifferent,whichleadstodisagreementsandfights.5It'slikelythattheseproblemsnolongerannoyyou.A.Therearemorethan7billionpeopleintheworld.B.Inourlife,fewthingsareabsolutelyrightorwrong.C.Itseemsdifficulttodecidewhichperspectiveiswrong.D.Simplymakeaswitchandseefromadifferentperspective.E.Aperspectiveonlifecanbeshaped,changed,orexplained.F.Theyarebothright,yettheyarewrongintheeyesoftheotherperson.G.Andtheyusuallymakeusbelievethatwearetheonewho'sholdingthetruth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们之所以看待问题会有不同的结论是因为视角不同。1.F根据上文“一个人看到是6，另一个人看到是9。”可知，F项中的“他们”指代前句提到的“两个人”。同时F项中的“在对方眼里他们是错的”指代上文提到的“一个人看到是6，另一个人看到是9”这件事。故选F。2.E根据下文“如果人们能理解这一点，世界将会变得更美好。”可知，E项的内容就是下文this指代的内容。故选E。3.B根据下文“我们通常对一件事有两种不同的看法。”可知，B项和下文构成因果逻辑。故选B。4.A根据下文“每个人对事物的看法都与下一个人很不一样。”可知，A项和下文构成因果关系。故选A。5.D根据下文“很可能这些问题已经不再困扰你了。”可知，D项和下文构成条件逻辑。故选D。Ⅲ.完形填空Mostofusgothroughsomehardshipsinlife.Butfewthingsmatchthe1broughtuponpeoplebythegenocide(种族灭绝)ofJewsduringWorldWarⅡandit'sstill2peoplenowadays.Luckily,today'sstoryhasahappy3fortwomenandtheirfamilies.Thetwocousins4gottomeetafterbeingseparated75yearsagoduringtheholocaust(大屠杀)．MorrisandSimonwerebestfriendsaskids5theNazisinvadedtheircountryRomaniain1940.However,theirfamilieslost6astheydidn'tfleethecountrytogether.Bothgrewupbelievingtheotherdied.Untilsometimeagotheirchildren7thetwofamiliesonFacebook.Morris'niececameacrossSimon'sdaughterwhile8forrelativesonlineonlytofindoutthatSimonis9intheUK.MorrissettlesinIsrael.Ittooksometimebuttheyorganiseda10forthetwolong­lostmeninTelAviv,Israel.Someonerecordedavideoofthisemotionalmeetingand11itonline,leavingpeopleallovertheworld12.13thefactthatbothmenareintheir80's,theyplantokeepintouchandseeeachotheroften,reconstructingthebeautiful14theyhadaschildren.Anditwillsurelynot15withtime.1.A.gains B.embarrassmentC.sufferings D.hope2.A.encouraging B.reachingC.leading D.affecting3.A.ending B.plotC.background D.design4.A.hurriedly B.eventuallyC.suddenly D.unwillingly5.A.since B.beforeC.but D.though6.A.contact B.relationC.news D.approach7.A.found B.respondedC.called D.reconnected8.A.searching B.askingC.hoping D.waiting9.A.happy B.sociableC.alive D.safe10.A.party B.dinnerC.reunion D.travel11.A.mailed B.sharedC.donated D.supplied12.A.insilence B.indoubtC.inpanic D.intears13.A.Despite B.BeyondC.Though D.Incaseof14.A.wishes B.understandingC.friendship D.ideas15.A.pass B.comeC.show D.decline【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个老人在75年后再续从前的友谊的故事。1.C根据上文中的“Mostofusgothroughsomehardshipsinlife.”可知，此处用“苦难”符合语境，故选C。2.D结合常识可知，纳粹给犹太人带来的苦难影响了他们几代人，故选D。3.A根据下文中的“Thetwocousins4gottomeetafterbeingseparated75yearsagoduringtheholocaust(大屠杀)．”可知，两兄弟在75年后见面了，这是个幸福的结局，故选A。4.B根据下文中的“afterbeingseparated75yearsagoduringtheholocaust(大屠杀)”可知，此处用“最终”符合语境，故选B。5.B根据下文中的“theydidn'tfleethecountrytogether”可知，他们后来分开了，所以此处讲述的是纳粹入侵之前的事情，故选B。6.A根据下文中的“theydidn'tfleethecountrytogether”可知，此处用“失去联系”符合语境，故选A。7.D根据下文中的“theyplantokeepintouchandseeeachotheroften”可知，两个老人取得了联系，由此推测，他们的孩子使两个家庭重新联系上了，故选D。8.A根据上文中的“Facebook”和下文中的“online”可知，此处用“搜索”符合语境，故选A。9.C根据上文中的“Bothgrewupbelievingtheotherdied.”可知，此处用“活着的”符合语境，故选C。10.C根据下文中的“thetwolong­lostmen”可知，此处用“重聚”符合语境，故选C。11.B根据空后的“itonline”可知，此处是指把视频分享到了网上，故选B。12.D结合上下文可知，此处是指两个老人75年后重聚的场面让人们流下了感动的泪水，故选D。13.A结合上下文可知，此处是指尽管年龄很大了，但两位老人还是决定要保持联系。though也有此意，但它是连词，而此处需要介词，故选A。14.C根据上文中的“MorrisandSimonwerebestfriendsaskids”可知，此处用“友谊”符合语境，故选C。15.D结合上下文可知，两位老人的友谊在75年后还保持不变，那么在将来也不会随着时间而消退，故选D。Ⅳ.语法填空Summerisover,butthere'snoreasontobeupsetasthatmeansautumnisuponus,arguablythe1.________(good)seasonoftheyear.Beijing'sautumnisextremelyshort,soparksaroundthecityfillupfastwithpeoplecomingtoseetheseason'ssight—ashowofchanging2.________(colour)asthetreesturnfromdarkgreentodeepred.Thereareplentyofplacesinthecitycentre3.________(catch)thegoldengingkoleaves(银杏叶),butI'mheadingjustoutsideoftheFifthRingRoadtoseetheseasonon4.________largerscale.DespiteparkslikeXiangshangettingsobusy5.________youneedticketsaweekinadvance,therearestillareaswell­knownand6.________(frequent)visitedbytheBeijingcrowds,andBaiwangshan,oneofsuchplaces,7.________(locate)3kmfromtheSummerPalacetothecity'sNorthwest.Itoffershikingtailsandbeautifulviewsofthecityand8.________(surround)forests.IlovecomingtoBeijing'sparksatthistimeofyearbecauseIcanalwaysenjoy9.________(I),bathinginthelastofthegoodweatherandgoldencolours.Youneverknow10.________you'regoingtofindaroundeverycorner.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京的秋天。1.best考查形容词。the后用最高级，此处表示“最好的季节”。2.colours考查名词。colour表颜色时是可数名词，根据“fromdarkgreentodeepred”可知应用复数形式colours。3.tocatch考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作后置定语，修饰places，表示动作还未发生。4.a考查冠词。这里泛指一个更大的规模，且larger以辅音音素开头。5.that考查固定搭配。so...that...为固定搭配，意为“如此……以至于……”。6.frequently考查副词。visited是动词，用副词修饰。7.islocated考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是Baiwangshan，为第三人称单数形式，文章主体时态是一般现在时，故填islocated。8.surrounding考查形容词。此处修饰名词forests，应用形容词。9.myself考查反身代词。enjoyoneself意为“玩得愉快”，为固定短语。10.what考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，用what引导。Ⅴ.应用文写作假定你是李华，你班同学计划本周六去摘葡萄，请你给外籍教师Thomas写一封邮件，主要内容如下：1.提出邀请；2.具体活动安排。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearThomas，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua【参考范文】DearThomas，Togetclosetonature,weplantopickgrapesonthefarmnearbythisSaturdaymorning.I'mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus.Wewillmeetattheschoolgateat8a．m.andgotherebybus.Manyactivitieswillbeheld,rangingfrompickinggrapestoplayingsomegames.We'llhavelunchatalocalrestaurantandcomebackatfourintheafternoon.Ifyouareinterested,pleaseletmeknowbeforethisFriday.I'msurewe'llhaveagoodtimethere.Yourssincerely，LiHuaⅥ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwalkedintotheGeorgeWashingtonUniversityHospitalwithmytherapydogWillowonalateFebruaryevening,Ihadnoideathatwewereabouttomeetayoungman,noteven25,fightingforhislifeintheICUthatnight.Samalmostdiedwhenhewasinvolvedinanaccidentonhiswayhomefromworkoneday.Hegotnumeroussurgeries,amongthemtwobelowkneeamputations(截肢)．TheICUroomwasdarkandcoolwhenweentered.IcouldseeSam'sfathersittinginachairinadarkcorneroftheroom,gazingdowntothebusystreetbelow.Henoddedhello,butdidnotspeak.Sam'smotherwasquicklypacingtoandfro,tryingtokeepSamcomfortableandspeakingencouragingwords.Samwasquiet.Hewasunawareatthetimethathehadlosthislegs.Buthejustwasnotrespondingtothepeopleinhisroom.Thensomethingamazinghappened:hesawWillow.Isawhishandslipfromhislaptodownbelowhisbedrailandhisfingersstarttomakeascratchingmotion.Willowranrightuptohisbedside,expertlyslidingherheadrightbeneathhisawaitingfingers.IwalkedoutoftheICUroomcompletelyoverwhelmedwithgriefandafeelingofcompleteinadequacyinmyabilitytobringanykindofhealingtothisfamily.JustthenIfeltastronggriponmyforearm.IturnedaroundandsawSam'smum.“Willyoucomebacktomorrow？”sheasked.Iwantedtoturnandrunaway,butIlookeddownatWillow,whohadnoneofthosefeelingsandwhoseeyesshowednothingbutloveandcompassion,andbeforeIknewit,thewords“Yes,wewill.”hadleftmylips.Icriedmywholedrivehomethatnight.注意：续写词数应为150左右。IdidcomewithWillowthenextday,andsodidthedayafterthenext.____________________________________________________________________