(新高考)高考英语一轮复习教案必修一 Unit 4 Natural disasters Language points(含答案)

PAGE11-Unit4NaturaldisastersLanguagepointsⅠ.重点单词根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．disastern．灾难；灾害2．slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动3．floodn．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没4．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援5．damagevt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失6．destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭7．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动8．sheltern．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)9．ruinn．&vt.破坏；毁坏10．electricityn．电；电能11．trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱12．buryvt.埋葬；安葬13．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力14．wisdomn．智慧；才智Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivorn．幸存者；生还者→survivaln．幸存2．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.无生命的3．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的4．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸5．revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revivaln．振兴；复苏6．unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体→unitevi.&vt.团结7．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn．折磨；苦难Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．asif 似乎；好像；仿佛2．inruins 严重受损；破败不堪3．inshock 震惊；吃惊4．setup 建立5．asusual 像往常一样6．cometoan_end 结束7．thenumberof... ……的数量8．digout 挖掘9．ahometo... ……的家园10．gothrough 经历背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat...鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西……too...to...结构Thelittlegirlistooyoungtodressherself.这个小女孩太小，还不能自己穿衣服。2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！asif引导状语从句Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger.她看起来好像年轻了10岁。3.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上万的家庭被毁灭，许许多多的孩子变成了孤儿。leavesb.＋宾补．..使某人处于……Whatyousaidleftuslostinthought.你说的话使我们陷入沉思。4.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes，andallofitshospitalsweregone.大约75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园和市内所有的医院都消失了。“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。5.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，一座崭新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。with复合结构Hesaidgoodbyetouswithtearsinhiseyes.他含着眼泪与我们告别。rescuen．&vt.援救；营救(教材P48)Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood­hitarea?救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么？(1)rescuesb./sth.from... 把……从……营救出来(2)cometoone'srescue 来营救某人arescueteam 救援队①Thepolicecametohisrescueandsenthimhome.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。②Tomrescuedaboyfromtheriveronhiswayhome.汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。③Alargenumberofsoldiersweresenttheretorescue(rescue)thosetrappedinthebuilding.大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。[语境助记]Assoonastheaccidenthappened，therescueteamcametothevictims'rescue，andtheydidn'tgiveupanyhopeofrescuingthemfromdanger.事故一发生，救援队就来营救受害者了，并且他们没有放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。damagevt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失(教材P48)WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首尔哪些建筑被毁？(1)do/causedamageto 给……带来/造成毁坏(2)bebadlydamaged 遭受严重损害damageone'shealth 损害某人的健康①Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。②Asweallknow，smokingcando/causedamagetoourhealth.(damagen．)＝Itiswellknownthatsmokingcandamageourhealth.(damagevt.)众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过(经典佳句)Unluckily，noonesurvivedtheterribleaccident.不幸的是，没有人从这个可怕的事故中幸存。(1)survivesth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来AsurviveB(by...) A比B活得长……surviveon 依靠……生存下来survivefrom... 从……存活下来，流传下来(2)survivorn. 幸存者survivaln. [U]幸存；[C]残存物①Ofthesixpeopleinjuredintheterribleaccident，onlytwosurvived.在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。②Somestrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。③Theoldladyhassurvivedallhersistersandbrothersbytenyears.那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹都多活了10年。[语境助记]Hewastheonlysurvivorinthatbadaccident，andafterthesurvival，hehasbeenlivingahappyandhealthylife.在那次严事故中，他是唯一的幸存者，幸存下来后，他一直过着幸福健康的生活。affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动写出下列各句中affect的含义①AsfarasI'mconcerned，followingothers'advicewithoutthinkingwillaffectourowndecision.影响②Mostpeoplepresentatthemeetingweredeeplyaffectedbyhisspeech.深深打动③Thediseaseisbeginningtoaffecthiseyesight.(疾病)侵袭(1)affectsb./sth. 影响某人/某事bedeeplyaffectedby 被深深打动了(2)effectn. 作用；影响haveaneffecton 对……产生影响④AsfarasI'mconcerned，stayinguplateeverydayiscertaintohaveaseriouseffectonyourhealth.就我而言，每天熬夜一定会严重影响你的健康。ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产(教材P50)Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayinruins.不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。(1)be/lieinruins 成为废墟；毁灭fallintoruin 成为废墟；毁灭(2)ruinone'shope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去ruinoneself 自我毁灭①Thatmistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.那个错误使他失去了得到那份工作的机会。②Theancienttemplehasfallenintoruinsandneedsrepairing.这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。③Drunk­drivingnotonlyruinedhimself(he)butalsokilledseveralpassers­by.醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊(教材P50)Peoplewereinshock－andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人们都很震惊——然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。(1)beashockto... 使……吃惊(2)shockedadj. 震惊的；惊讶的beshockedat/by 对……吃惊beshockedtodosth. 做某事很吃惊(3)shockingadj. 令人震惊的①Itwasquiteashocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！②Rescueworkerswereshocked(shock)bywhattheysaw.救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。③Thenewsshocked(shock)thepublic，leadingtogreatconcernaboutstudents'safetyatschool.这个消息使公众震惊，导致了对在校学生安全的担心。[语境助记]Theshockingnewsshockedallthepeoplearound，whichwasalsoagreatshocktopeoplealloverthecountry.这个让人震惊的消息震惊了周围的人们，也震惊了全国各地的人们。trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。(1)betrapped 使陷入困境trapo(doing)sth. 诱骗某人做某事(2)setatrap 设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walkintoatrap 落入圈套①Ifyouchoosethisway，you'relikelytofallintoatrap.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。②Therewasapowerfailure；theyweretrapped(trap)inthelift.停电了，他们被困在电梯里。③Bycleverquestioningtheytrappedhimintotellingthetruth.他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。buryvt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏(经典例句)Eversincehemovedthere，hehasbeenburiedinhisresearchwork.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。(1)bury...in...把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……buryone'sfaceinhands 双手掩面(2)beburiedin 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于buryoneselfin 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于①Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。②Inthepastthreeweeks，wehavebeenburyingourselves(us)instudybecausetheexamisdrawingnear.在过去的三个星期里，我们专心致志的学习，因为考试即将到来。③Buried(bury)inhisstudy，hedidn'tknowthatalltheothershadleft.＝Burying(bury)himselfinhisstudy，hedidn'tknowthatalltheothershadleft.＝Becausehewasburied(bury)inhisstudy，hedidn'tknowthatalltheothershadleft.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。[图形助记]一词多义的“bury”bury掩埋buryoneselfinstudy专心学习effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力(教材P50)Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，一座崭新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。sparenoefforttodosth. 不遗余力makeanefforttodosth. 努力做某事①Idobelievethatallyoureffortswillpayoffsoonerorlater.我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。②AsfarasI'mconcerned，youshouldmakeagreaterefforttostudy(study)hard.依我看来，你应该更加努力学习。③IfIamluckyenoughtobegivensuchagoodchance，Iwillsparenoefforttofinishthetask.如果我足够幸运给予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材P51)Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？(1)sufferfrom 患……病；因……而受苦sufferfromcoldandhunger 忍饥挨冻(2)sufferpains 遭受痛苦(3)sufferingn. 苦难，痛苦sufferern. 受难者①AsfarasIknow，hehaseversufferedfromaseriousillness.据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。②Hesufferedgreatpainsasaresultoftheaccident.由于那次事故，他遭受了很大痛苦。③Evenifhesufferedfromalotofdifficulties，henevergavein.尽管饱受许多困难之苦，但他从不屈服。④Deathfinallybroughtanendtohersuffering(suffer)．死亡最终结束了她的痛苦(遭受)。[语境助记]Weallwanttodosomethingtohelpthosesufferersoutoftheirsufferings.我们都想做些事去帮助那些受苦者摆脱痛苦。(教材P50)Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。【要点提炼】too＋adj.＋to...“太……不……”too＋adj./adv.forsb.todosth意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义①Iwastooyoungtounderstandthemeaningofthefilm.＝IwassoyoungthatIcan'tunderstandthemeaningofthefilm.我太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。②Theproblemistoodifficultformetosettle.＝TheproblemissodifficultthatIcan'tsettleit.这个问题太难了，我解决不了。(教材P50)Itseemedas_iftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！【要点提炼】Itseemed(tosb.)that/asif...“(对某人来说)似乎……”(1)asif从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的(2)asif从句用虚拟语气：①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)③从句用would/could/mightdo形式(与将来的事实相反)①Lookatthecloudsinthesky！Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Let'shurryup.看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。②Hetalkstothemasiftheywere(be)children.他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)③HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeen(be)therebefore.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)④Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsay(say)something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)(教材P50)Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上万的家庭被毁灭，许许多多的孩子变成了孤儿。【要点提炼】句中的“...wereleftwithoutparents”是一个被动结构，其主动形式应为leftmanychildrenwithoutparents。leave作使役动词，意为“使……处于某状态”，构成的句式为：leave＋宾语＋宾补eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(现在分词：表示主动、进行,过去分词：表示被动、完成,不定式：表示将来的动作,\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(介词短语,形容词,副词))表示状态))①Sheranawayandleftherboyfriendintherainalone.她跑开了，留下她的男友一个人在雨中。②Youshouldn'thaveleftwaterrunning(run)．你不该让水一直流淌着。③Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsproperlyclosed(close)?你把门窗关好了吗？1．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.【分析】本句主句为：oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，thatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing为定语从句修饰先行词aquake，aquake与oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcentury是同位语。【翻译】在城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最致命的地震之一已经发生，这场地震甚至对150多公里外的北京造成了破坏。2．Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.【分析】本句主句为：thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshan;todigout...andtoburythedead为动词不定式作目的状语；whoweretrapped为定语从句修饰先行词those。【翻译】地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Agreatdealofmoneyhasbeencollectedtohelpthosesufferingfromthefloods(洪水)．2．Toomuchdrinkingwilldodamage_(伤害)toyourhealth;youshouldtakethedoctor'sadvice.3．Aftertheysurvived(幸存)thatnight，theydidbelievethateverythingwouldbeallright.4．Workersbuiltshelters(避难所)forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5．Aftertheelectricity(电)wascutoff，thelightswentout.6．Afterlearningthattheboyshadbeenlostforalmost20hours，thepolicesentoutarescue(营救)teamtolookforthem.7．Hesuffered(遭受)frompooreyesightandcouldnolongerreadproperly.8．Yesterday，Iclimbedthemountaintoptobreathe(呼吸)thefreshair.9．Iadmireyourcourageandwisdom(智慧)．10．Inancienttimes，peoplebelievedthattheycouldbebroughtbacktolifeafterdeath(死亡)．Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisaste