高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题

高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题日期：20xx年X月高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题分析解读：推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。技巧点拨：常见提问方式：(1)Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______(2)Thewritersuggeststhat______(3)Theauthorusestheexampleof…toshowthat______(4)What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward_______(5)Fromthestorywecanguess_______(6)Whatwouldhappenif_______(7)Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith(8)What’sthetone语气oftheauthor(9)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_____(10)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear解答步骤：定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。干扰项的特点：只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理。看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章推理过头，引申过度。4.注意：有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。典型例析：推断隐含意义：例：DidyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewallDiditsoundlikeaclockIfso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."Q：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.leasedpeopleB.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.练一练:Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛).”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlord(房东)insiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_______.A．verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆虫)技巧：这类题干中通常含有infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(暗示)等标志性词语。解题步骤：1,全面分析2,忠实原文3,不要选择表层信息推断作者观点或态度：例：ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessinteresting.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale‘s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.Q：WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondonA.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting练一练:Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnewsAllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath..Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Q:What’sauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingA.ComplainB.ApologizeC.AdmiringD.Support技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。站在作者的立场或角度思考答案。表示态度的形容词：(1)positive积极的(9)reserved(2)negative消极的(10)indifferent漠不关心的(3)optimistic乐观的(11)cautious谨慎的(4)pessimistic悲观的(12)surprised惊讶的(5)objective客观的(13)sympathize同情的(6)subjective主观的(14)support支持的(7)admiring羡慕的(15)doubt怀疑的(8)critical批评的(16)approve赞成的（17）ironic讽刺的（18）neutral中立的推断写作目的：例：“HaveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawaveOrhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“ThereisQ：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem练一练:AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman’sbigfamily——hisparents,hisbrothers,theiryoungwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents’home,havingquarreled(吵架)withherhusband.Soontheelephantrefused(拒绝)toeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomen’shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.Q.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_______.A.showthatelephantsareveryclever主观臆想B.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife技巧：这类题的题干中常有purpose，或者后面接有目的的动词不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的目的和态度。与写作目的对应的文章如下：toentertainreaders(使读者愉悦、发笑)：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。topersuadereaders(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。toinformreaders(告知读者某些信息)：多见于新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性文章。（3）开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。简介相关事物——为了引出主题。列举具体事例——说明文段的主题温馨提示：设身处地站在作者的角度上想一想推断文章出处：例：Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Q：Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________.A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram练一练:WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL·actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.·givesyouadailyweatherforecast.·remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomeworkBesides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q：wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotextsonamagzineinacompanyguidebookonateenagewebsiteinacollegenewspaper技巧：1.看文章体裁和题材：advertisement,news,poster,magazine,website,textbook,guidebook.2.通过文章内容，判断读者对象是谁。出现click（点击），往往来自website推断下文内容：例：Anotheroptionistosetthemup.Withanaccount(账户)atalocalbankthatoffersfreeuseofadebitcard(借记卡).Unlikecreditcard(信用卡),thedebitcardhasnooverdraft(透支)function…Q:Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollowsfurtherimformationaboutthedebitcardtheoverdraftfunctionsofadebitcardsmoredisadvantagesofcreditcardthekids’sattitudetowardsacreditcard技巧：关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话。总结：如何排除干扰项：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理；推理的根据来自于上下文；如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它一般不是推论，也就不是正确答案；如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；文中的虚拟语气和情态动词（should,must,may）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；注意作者在文中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather则常带有否定的口气；某些过渡词（however,but,onthecontrary,what‘smore）后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度；第四节：阅读理解之猜测词义题分析解读：在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。是阅读理解的必考题型，题干中通常含有mean，referto或者bereplacedby等。技巧点拨：1.常见提问方式：Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans______Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby_______Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordTheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean______解题步骤：在文中找到线索或信息词根据周围熟悉的词的逻辑关系（并列，转折，递进，对比，因果）来判断新单词的意思。根据上下文（即语境）判断新词汇在特定句中的意思。典型例析：练一练：猜测下列划线词的意思。Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank.资金，nor结构后的money，bank FHeissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.不英俊DButsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.干旱BSheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.准时EYoushouldn’thaveblamedhimforthat,becauseitwasn’thisfault.责备CBananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.一种水果，椰子A总结：根据并列同列关系：一般来说，并列的几个事物应属同类事物，由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。根据同位或解释关系：当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。往往常见的词有：means,is,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitanotherway,which.根据因果关系：常见关联词有：because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore,so…that.根据反义词关系：看转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等，或者看与not搭配等表示否定意义的词语。根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义，常见词有：unlike,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,though,instead…of,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary。根据近义词关系：看由and或or连接的同义词词组，或者看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。练一练：Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle——thatis,itwillbreakeasily.A.易碎的B.沉重的C.美观的D.有用的Allhisattemptstotheunclockdoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.A.变好B.恶化C.改变D.上升Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energeticThatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibits(展览)inoneday.A.smallB.largeC.dullD.interestingChildrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s.”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”A.吵闹B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚实战演练：AForthefirst19monthsofherlifeHelenKellerwasabletoseeandhear.Butthenasickness(疾病)struck.Shebecamecompletelyblindanddeaf.Fortherestorherlifeshewasneverabletoseeorhear.Andthesicknessstruckwhenshewasababybeforeshelearnedtotalk.Herworldwastotallydarkandsilent.Forthefirstsevenyearsofherlifeshewasalmostlikeawildanimal.Hermotherandfathercouldnotcontrol(控制)her.Shescreamed(尖声叫喊)andkickedandstruggledandcried.Finallyherparentssentforateacher.HernamewasAnnSullivan.Sheherselfhadoncebeenblind.ShequicklysawthatfirstshehadtoteachHelenhowtoobeyandhowtocontrolheranger.ShespeltoutwordsinHelen’shand.Helencouldn’tseeorhearsoshelearnedbytouchingandfeeling.ShelearnedtoreadbooksinBraille(盲字).Helenalsolearnedforeignlanguage:French,German,LatinandGreek.Shelearnedtowriteandtospeak.Shecouldrideahorse,swim,rowaboat,climbtrees.ShewenttocollegeandAnnSullivanwentwithher.WithMissSullivan’shelp,HelenKellerfinishedcollegewithhighhonor.Shebecameateacher,writerandlecturer.Herlifeisaninspiration(激励),notjusttotheblindandthedeafbuttopeopleeverywhere.HelenKellerwasabletoseeandhearonlyfor______months.A.nineB.ninetyC.nineteenD.ninthForthefirstsevenyearsofherlife,Helenwasalmostlike“awildanimal”thissentencemeans_____A.shewasaverynaughtygirlB.shelivedwithanimalsforalongtimeC.shewasneverabletoseeorhear,soshewasveryboredandangryD.shelikedanimalsverymuchAnnSullivanwasHelen’s______A.motherB.teacherC.sisterD.classmateHelenlearnedby_______A.touchingandfeelingB.listeningandspeakingC.smellingandfeelingD.readingbooksThelastsentencetellsus_______A.We’dbetterlearnbytouchingandfeelingB.HelenisaheroonlyfortheblindanddeafC.EveryonecouldlearnalotfromHelenKellerDHelenKellerhadaterriblelife.Keysare:CCBACBAmericanshaveusedcolourstomakemanyexpressionstheyuseeveryday.Wesayyou’re“inthepink”whenweareingoodhealth.Itiseasytounderstandhowthisexpressionwasborn.Whenmyfacehasanicefresh,pinkcolour,itisasignmyhealthisgood.Thecolourgreenisnaturalfortrees,itisanunnaturalcolourforhumans.Whensomeonedoesn’tfeelwell.someonewhoisseasock,forexample.wesayhelooksgreen.Whensomeoneisangrybecausehedoesn’thavewhatsomeoneelsehas,wesayheis“greenwithenvy(妒忌)”.Somepeopleare“greenwithenvy”becausesomeoneelsehasmoredollars,or“greenbacks”.Dollarsarecalledgreenbackbecausethat’sthecolourofthebacksideofthemoney.Blueisacoolercolour.ThetraditionalbluemusicofAmericanblacksistheoppositeofredhotmusic.Itisslow,sadandsoulful.Tobeblue,ofcourse,istobesad.Thecolourblackisoftenusedinexpressions.Peopledescribeadayinwhicheverythinggoeswrongasa“blackday”.A“blacksheep”isthememberofafamilyorgroupwhoalwaysseemstobeintrouble.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,somethingunluckymighthappentohim.Notallthe“black”expressionshadbadmeanings.Abusiness“intheblack”,forexample,ismakingmoney.Acompany“inthered”islosingmoney.Ifsomeonetellsyoutoputsomething“inblackandwhite”,theywantyoutowriteitdown.Afterreadingthepassage,wecaninferifsomeone“looksgray”,he_______A.lookswellB.mayneedtoseedoctorC.ishealthyD.ishappyAmericandollarshave_______backside.A.pinkB.greenC.blueD.redWhichworddescribesthebluemusicA.FastB.SadC.HotD.CheerfulMybrotherisa_______,everyonedoesn’tlikehim.A.ablackhorseB.ablackcatC.ablackdogD.ablacksheepWhichofthefollowingisTrueA.Acompanysurelylikestobe“inthered.”B.Abusiness“intheblack”,ismakingmoneyC.Allthe“black”expressionhavebadmeaningsD.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,hemightluckysoon.Keysare:BBBDBCAlittleboyinvitedhismothertoattendhiselementaryschool’sfirstteacher-parentmeeting.Tothelittleboy’sfear,shesaidshewouldgo.Thiswouldbethefirsttimethathisclassmatesandteachermethismotherandhewasembarrassed(窘迫的)byherface.Althoughshewasabeautifulwoman,therewasabigscar(伤疤)thatcoverednearlythewholerightsideofherface.Theboyneverwantedtotalkaboutwhyorhowshegotthescar.Atthemeeting,thepeopleweremovedbythekindnessandnaturalbeautyofhismotherDespite(不管)thescar,butthelittleboywasstillembarrassedandhidhimselffromeveryone.Hedid,however,heheardthemspeaking.“Howdidyougetthescaronyourface”theteacherasked.Themotheranswered,“Whenmysonwasababy,hewasinaroomthatcaughtonfire.Everyonewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewasoutofcontrol,soIwentin.AsIwasrunningtowardhisbed,IsawabeamcomingdownandIplacedmyselfoverhimtryingtoprotecthim.Iwasknockedunconsciousbutluckily,afiremancameinandsavedbothofus.”Shetouchedtheburnedsideofherface.“Thisscarwillbeforever,buttothisday,IhaveneverregretteddoingwhatIdid.”Atthispoint,thelittleboycameoutrunningtowardhismotherwithtearsinhiseyes.Hehuggedherandfeltalmostasacrifice(牺牲)oflifethathismotherhadmadeforhim.Heheldherhandtightlyfortherestoftheday.Theboywas_____whenhismothersaidshewouldgototheschool.A.pleasedB.afraidC.excitedD.boredWhatwashismotherlikeA.ShewasuglyB.Shewasgood—lookingC.ShewasbeautifuldespiteabigscaronherrightsideoffaceD.Thewriterdidn’ttellusHowdidhismothergetthescaronherfaceA.ShehurtherfaceinantrafficaccidentB.SomethingwaswrongwithherfaceskinC.Shewashitbysomeoneontheface.D.Herfacewashurtwhileshewassavinghersoninahouseonfire.Fromthemother’swords,weknow_______A.shefeltsorryaboutthescarB.shewasfrustratedaboutthescarC.shewassatisfiedwiththescarD.shethoughtthescarworthwhile(值得的)Fromthelastparagraph,itcanbeinferredthat_________A.theboywasstillembarrassedB.theboywouldlovehismothermorethanbeforeC.theboywaspleasedwithhismother’sscarD.theboywasafraidtoseehismother’sscarKeysare:BCCDD