2016年12月六级真题(第二套)

2016年12月大学英语六级考试（第2套）PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoncreation.Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofcreationandmeasurestobetakentoencouragecreation.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A.Theywereproudoftheircuisine.B.Theywereparticularaboutfood.C.Theywereallgoodatcooking.D.Theywerefondofbaconandeggs.2.A.Hisparents.B.Hisfriends.C.Hisparents'friends.D.Hisschoolmates.3.A.Nooneofthegroupateit.B.Itwasalittleovercooked.C.Noteawasservedwiththemeal.D.ItwastherealEnglishbreakfast.4.A.Itwasfullofexcitement.B.Itwasratherdisappointing.C.Itwasariskyexperience.D.Itwasreallyextraordinary.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A.Thewoman'searningsovertheyears.B.Thekeytorunningashopatalowcost.C.Thebusinesssuccessofthewoman'sshop.D.Thewoman'srelationshipwithothershops.6.A.Keepdownitsexpenses.B.Expanditsbusinessscale.-D.Upgradethegoodsitsells.7.A.Theyareingreatdemand.B.Theyaredeliveredfreeofcharge.C.Theyarevery-popularwiththelocalresidents.D.Theyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninothershops.8.A.Tomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithothershops.B.Toavoidbeingputoutofbusinessincompetition.C.Toattractmorecustomersintheneighborhood.D.Tofollowthecustomofthelocalshopkeepers.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A.Theyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofpollution.B.Theycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayplaces.C.Theydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingsites.D.Theycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofemergency.10.A.TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticarea.B.TheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringthesummer.C.Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeweathers.D.Theytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchoffood.11.A.Theyhadbecomemorepoisonous.B.Theywerecarriedbythewind.C.Theypoisonedsomeofthefulmars.D.Theywerelessthanonthecontinent.12.A.TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticseabirds.B.TheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetohumans.C.ThediminishingcoloniesforArcticseabirds.D.ThethreatshumansposetoArcticseabirds.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A.Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.-B.Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.C.Ithasbeenexaggerated.D.Ithasdecreased.14.A.Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.B.Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenariansnotactivelyengaged.C.Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.D.Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.15.A.Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.B.Theirmindsfallbeforetheirbodiesdo.C.Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.D.Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A.Theyformthebasisonwhichhebuildshistheoryoflove.B.Theywerecarriedoutoveraperiodofsomethirtyyears.C.TheyweredonebyhisformercolleagueatYale.D.Theyarefocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.17.A.Therelationshipcannotlastlongifnopassionisinvolved.B.Itisnotloveifyoudon'twishtomaintaintherelationship.C.Romanceisjustimpossiblewithoutmutualunderstanding.D.Intimacyisessentialbutnotabsolutelyindispensabletolove.18.A.Whetheritistruelovewithoutcommitment.B.Whichofthemisconsideredmostimportant.C.Howtherelationshipistobedefinedifanyoneismissing.D.Whentheabsenceofanyonedoesn'taffecttherelationship.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.B.Socialworkasaprofession.C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.20.A.Theytrytochangepeople'ssocialbehavior.B.Theyraisepeople'sawarenessoftheenvironment.C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.A.Socialworkers'joboptionsandresponsibilities.B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople'sneeds.C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers'socialstatus.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.24.A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.25.A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.B.Alwaysplacekids'interestfirst.C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoutonewordforeachblankfromalotofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter—wherelifeisstableandintenselyhuman—aredisappearing.Somehave__26____fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave___27___changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan___28___machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have___29___inthemodernworldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization___30___moresuccessfullythanothers.Inplantingandharvesttimesonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilieswiththemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses.Inrailwayorbus___31___.AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith___32___Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies.Theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheirpersonallives,theirfamilies,communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften___33___byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveasimple,inflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodem___34___andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress,ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishfordoingthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime.Forafterall.Theyaregoodfarmerswho___35___thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A)accessingB)conveniencesC)destinedI)progressJ)respectiveK)survivedL)terminalsM)undergoneN)universalO)vanishedD)expandingE)industrializedF)perceivedG)practiceH)processSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CountriesRushforUpperHandinAntarcticaA)Onaglacier-filledislandwithfjords（峡湾）andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarctica’sfirstOrthochurchonabilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnowmobile.ChineselaborershaveupdatedssesonAntarctica,completewithanindoortheGreatWallStation,avitalpartofChina’splantooperatefivebabadmintoncourtandsleepingquartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,India’sfuturisticnewBhstills（桩子）using134interlockingshippingcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncedplanstobuildbases,too.B)Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtoplanttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialthatalreadyexist.C)Thenewerplayersaresteppingintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of–the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill（磷虾），foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuarieshere.D)SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsformAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwaterontheplanet.Nationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsatelliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationabilities.E)BuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsareplannedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.F)ElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughmilesofsolidice.“Youcanseethatwe’reheretostay,57,chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebvonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.-termprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere,shieldingG)Antarctica’smineral,oilandgaswealtharealongercoveted(令人垂诞的)reservesofironore,coalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(金伯利岩)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.H)BeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotappingtheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardizeoffshoreplatforms.ThenthereisAntarctic’sremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsfoundinlocationsonacontinentthatislargertheEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.I)ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemAntarctica’streaties,possiblyexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgelslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain.AustraliaandNewZealand.J)BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeontheplanet’sdriest,windiestandceachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.ChinahasarguablythefastestgrowingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsfourthstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithplanstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisonetheplanet’scoldestplaces.ChineseofficialssaytheexpansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch.Buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout“resourcesecurity”influencetheirmoves.novatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgelslandmakestheRussianandChileanbaseshereK)China’snewlyreseemoutdated.”Wedoweathermonitoringhereandotherresearch.”NingXu,53,thechiefoftheChineoverteaduringafierceblizzard(暴风雪)inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak,withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,aChinesemicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthofChina’sAntarcticoperationssincethe1980sequippedtogrow,”hesaid.L)AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthreeyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemisphere’ssummer,includingthoseattheScottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonaplateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycomplainaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakerstheRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.M)ScholarswarnthatAntarctica’spoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent’streatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting(拦截)signalsfromsatellitesorretaskingsatellitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicintelligenceoperations.N)Somecountrieshavehadahardtimehere,Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984,butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012,thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough.aBrazilianC-130HerculesmilitarytransportplanehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile’sairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedin2014.panywinningO)However,Brazil’sstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesforChina,withaChinesecomthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.P)Amidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbasein2014,describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia’shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuildthisfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitplannedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesinAntarctica.Q)“TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean.AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover.”SaidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLowhospecialisesinAntarctica.“TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.”36.AccordingtoChineseofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificresearch.37.Effortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia’38.WithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmericathefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.39.Accordingtogeologists’estimates.Antarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalgas.40.ItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronearth.41.ThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarctica’streatiesbeforetheirex42.ManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.43.Antarctica’sharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsresources.44.Withcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.45.AmericanscientistscomplainaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anyveterannicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingplaysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So,itisargued,strippingcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty—Butthatisn’twhythegovernment—hasagreedtolegislateforstandardizedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstplace.Plainpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics（麻醉剂）.Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhygovernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive(惩罚性的)duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsplainpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaccoasoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButtheplanwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameron’selectioncampaigndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewsadviser’soutsideinterestsandchangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013,afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidthegovernmentwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveafreevoicebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedthegovernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforplainpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(叹息)thatchocolateorangesplacedseductivelyatsupermarketcheck-outsfueledobesity.Thegovernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealthpolicy,butwithsuchobviousover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccocompanies.46.Whatdochainsmokersthinkofcigarettepackaging?A)Fancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewsmokers.B)Ithaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofcigarettes.C)Plainpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupsmoking.D)Ithaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitsmoking.47.WhathastheUKgovernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccopackaging?A)Passalawtostandardisecigarettepackaging.B)Ridcigarettecartonsofalladvertisements.C)Subsidisecompaniestoadoptplainpackaging.D)Reclassifycigarettesaccordingtopackaging.48.WhathashappenedinAustraliawhereplainpackagingisimplemented?A)Prematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghavedeclined.B)ThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheUK.C)Thesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedconsiderably.D)CigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheUK.49.WhyittakensolongfortheUKgovernmenttoconsiderplainpackaging?A)PrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeaction.B)Thereisstrongoppositionfromveterannicotineaddicts.C)ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtosmoking.D)Pressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsstrong.50.WhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketcheckouts?A)Theyfueledalotofcontroversy.B)TheymademoreBritishpeopleobese.C)Theyattractedalotofsmokers.D)Theyhadcertainingredientsmissing.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.44,000ofdebt,studentsgetanaverageofonly14hoursofWhatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof￡1,000to$9,000inthelastdecade.ButcontactlectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom￡timeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn’tevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecgraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderithasbecomefashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethatelaboratecom-tricks(骗术).There’salotforstudentstocomplainabouttherepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgradualshavetostartrepayingtheirloans,andmaintenancegrantshavebeenreplacedbyloansmeaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.ifany—ofYetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn’tworkout,studentspayverylittle—theirtuitionfeesback,youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning￡21,000ayear.Almosthalfofgraduates—thosehelecturesandtutorialsthatarewhogoontoearnless—willhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It’snotjusttimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybenefitwhileatuniversity,studiesshowtheygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniversitieslikevulturous(兀鹰).Manytopfirmswillnotevenlookatapplicationsfromthosewholacka2.1,i.e.,anupper-se