时文阅读理解专项训练(01) -高考英语三轮复习

时文阅读理解专项训练(01)高考英语三轮复习英语阅读训练.第页(共14页)★(一)时文摘要在人类诞生初期，其实出现过多个人种，我们常说的智人和尼安德特人便是最具代表性的。科学家通过骨骼化石可以重新认识那个年代这段时间，科学家现在又有了一个新发现，他们找到了最后一批尼安德特人的牙齿来重现这段历史。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. Achild’stoothdiscovered

fromaFrenchcavehasrevealedtheearliestevidenceofhumans—Homosapiens(智人)—livinginwesternEurope.

Thediscoveryofthe

molar

fromGrotteMandrin,nearMalataverneintheRhôneValleyinsouthernFrance,alongwithhundredsofstonetoolsdatingbackabout54,000

yearsago,suggeststhatearlyhumanslivedinEuropeabout10,000yearsearlierthanarchaeologistshadpreviouslythought. What’smore,theHomosapiens’toothwassandwiched

betweenlayersofNeanderthalremains,showingthatthetwogroupsofhumanscoexistedintheregion.Thesefindingschallengetheopinion

thatthearrivalofHomosapiensinEuropecaused

theextinctionofNeanderthals,wholivedinEuropeandpartsofAsiaforabout300,000yearsbeforedisappearing. “We’veoftenthoughtthatthearrivalofmodernhumansinEuropeledtotheprettyrapiddeath

ofNeanderthals,butthisnewevidencesuggeststhatboththeappearanceofmodernhumansinEuropeanddisappearanceofNeanderthalsismuchmorecomplexthanthat,”

saidstudycoauthor

ChrisStringer,aprofessorandresearchleaderinhumanevolutionattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon. It’sthefirsttimearchaeologistshavefoundevidenceofalternating

groupsofHomosapiensandNeanderthalslivinginthesameplace,andtheytookturns

rapidly,evenabruptly,atleasttwice,accordingtothestudythatpublishedinthejournal

ScienceAdvances

onWednesday.

Previously,thearrivalofearlyhumansinEuropewasdatedtobetween43,000and45,000yearsago,accordingtoremainsfoundinItalyandBulgaria—notlongbeforethelastsurvivingNeanderthalremainsdatingback40,000to42,000yearsagowerefound.HumansandNeanderthals,whoweknowfromgeneticanalysisencounteredoneanotherandhadbabies,resultinginNeanderthaltracesinourDNA,overlapped(重叠)

foramuchlongerperiodinEurope,thisstudysuggests.1.Theunderlinedword“molar”maymean_____.A

.

caveB

.

stoneC

.

toothD

.

human2.WhatconclusiondidresearchersdrawfromthelayersofNeanderthalremains?A

.

Groupsofhumanlivingtogether.B

.

Stonestoolsdatingbacklong.C

.

Homosapienscouldtravelfarther.D

.

NeanderthalslivinginAsia.3.WhatdidChrisStringermeanbyhiswords?A

.

ThearrivalofHomosapiensinEuropemadeNeanderthalsextinct.B

.

ModernhumansinEuropeledtotheprettydemiseofNeanderthals.C

.

PeopleshouldthinkcarefullyagainaboutthelossofNeanderthals.D

.

TheproblemsofhumanevolutionwasalreadysettledinLondon.4.WhathappenedwhenHomosapiensandNeanderthalslivingtogether?A

.

Theynevercommunicatedwitheachother.B

.

Theyconsideredeachotherastheenemies.C

.

Theyhadsomekindofcomplicatedrelations.D

.

TheypreferredtoliveinEuropethanAsia.★(二)时文摘要中国女足击败韩国女足，十六年后，历史性地第九次捧得亚洲杯。本文讲述了跌宕起伏的比赛过程。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. ChinacamebackfromtwogoalsdowntodefeatKorea3-2inadramaticfinalandwin

theirrecord-extendingninthtitleoftheAFCWomen’sAsianCuphereonSunday.Korealookedtobewinningthechampionship

aftertakinga2-0leadathalf-timebutChinafoughtbackafterthebreakthroughgoalsfromTangJiali,ZhangLinyanandXiaoYuyi,leadingChinatothechampionship. Chinaenteredthefinalchasingarecord-extendingninthAFCWomen’sAsianCuptitleagainstaKoreasidewhohadneverwonachampionship.

China,unbeateninsevenpreviousmeetingswithKorea,startedthegamebrightlyandhadthefirstlookatgoalwithinsecondswhenWuChengshuplayedtheballtoTangJialijustabovethearea,butthemidfielder’seffortwaseasilydealtwithbyKoreagoalkeeperKimJung-mi. Koreabegantoseemoreoftheballasthehalfprogressedandwererewardedwiththeirfirstlookatgoalinthe27thminute,withLeeGeum-minbreakingintotheboxbeforesendingacrosstoChoeYu-Ritoscorethe100thgoalofthetournament.

WithKoreaintheascendancy,Chinasurvivedascareatthehalf-hourmark,goalkeeperZhouYupullingoffapoint-blanksavetodenyLimSeon-Joo’sheaderoffafree-kick(任意球).China,however,sufferedmoretroubles

intheclosingstagesofthefirsthalfwhenaVARreviewsawKoreaawardedapenalty(点球)

followingYaoLingwei’shandball. Despitetrailing(落后)

2-0,Chinadidnotgiveup.Onthecontrary,thismadetheplayersmoredeterminedandbolder.Inthe66thminute,TangJialiscoredforChina.Fourminutesafterthefirstgoal,Tang

scored

2-2forChina.TheSteelRoseswereinfullcontrolofthegameinthelast15minutes.Theirfastmovementoftheballinfrontoftheboxinthe92ndminutepiercedthedefensivelineofSouthKoreabeforeXiaoYuyibroketheopponents’

goalforthethirdtime

inaddedtime.

1.WhathappenedtoChinateamwhenthegamebegan?A

.

TheyranforAFCWomen’sAsianCuptitle.B

.

Theynearlyscoredagoalwithinseconds.C

.

Theydidnotpasstheballtomidfielders.D

.

TheymadefriendswithKoreagoalkeeper.2.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A

.

ThegoalsofKorea.B

.

Thegreattournament.C

.

Thefairfree-kick.D

.

Thepenaltyofhandball.3.WhatdidtheChineseplayersdowhentrailing?A

.

Theygaveupveryquickly.B

.Theybecamemoreaggressive.C

.Theylostcontrolofthegame.D

.

Theytalkedwithopponents.4.Whoscoredthewinninggoalinthegame?A

.

WenChengshu.B

.

TangJiali.C

.

ZhangLinyan.D

.

XiaoYuyi.★(三)时文摘要Shawanee’Patrick是德州农工大学(TexasA&MUniversity)

机械工程系的一名博士生，她正致力于开发和改进一款行走辅助设备，她希望她的研究能够改善一些人的生活质量。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. Shawanee’Patrickispassionateaboutgivingeveryonetheabilitytowalkascomfortablyandeffectivelyaspossiblethroughtheuseofwalkingassistive

devices,suchasprosthetics(假肢)

andorthotics.

APh.D.studentintheJ.MikeWalker’66DepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringatTexasA&MUniversity,Patrickwasinspiredtohelpdevelopbetterwalkingassistivedevicesbythepartialparalysis(瘫痪)

ofhergrandmother. Herresearchfocusesondevelopingandrefining

walkingassistivedevicesbydeterminingwhatinputsareimportantandoutcomesthatcouldimprovethedesignprocess.

“Iliketosaymyresearchisabouthowtohelppeoplewhocan’twalkbeabletowalk,andhowtohelpthosewhodowalk,walkbetter,”Patricksaid.“That’skindofmyaim.Walkingimprovesthequalityoflife,soit’sreallyimportantwehelpthosefacingchallengeswhenwecan.” TheCOVID-19pandemicbroughtchallengestoPatrick’sresearchaswell.Patrick’sresearch—whichworkswithhumanstudies—hadbeendelayedseveraltimesbythehealthandavailabilityofhersubjects.

Patricksaidtheprocessofconductingherresearchincludesinvestigatingtheuser’sneedsfromvariousangles.Fromtheperspectiveoftheuserthemselvestotheirphysicianandfamilymembers,Patricksaiditisnecessarytobuildacompletepictureofthem. Patrickisdeterminedtomakeapositiveimpactonthelivesofthepeoplesheworkswith,aswellasthethousandsmorelikethem.

Althoughthespecificprojectsheisworkingonwillnotbegoingtomarket,Patricksaidsheishopefulthattheresearchsheisconductingcouldonedayinfluencethedevelopmentofaproductthatmakesitswaytothosewhocouldgreatlybenefitfromthesupport.

1.WhatbroughtPatricktheinspirationforherproject?A.

Hergrandmother’sdifficulty.B

.

Herownneedoftheorthotics.C

.

Herassignmentinuniversity.D

.

Herpassionformechanicalengineering.2.WhydidPatrickundertaketheresearch?A

.

Toimprovethedesignprocess.B

.

Todiscoverthefactsaboutinputs.C

.

Tomeettheimportantchallenges.D

.

Tomake

livesbetter

forthose

in

need.3.WhatdidPatrickhavetodobeforeherinvention?A

.

Understandtheusers’needsfully.B

.

Knowtheusers’healthandavailability.C

.

RemovetheCOVID-19pandemic.D

.

Makecontact

withtheirphysician.4.WhatdoesPatrickexpecttoobtainfromtheproject?A

.

Puttingherinventiononthemarket.B

.

Herownbenefitfromtheproduct.C

.Positiveimpactonpainfulpatients.D

.Improvementonhercoworkers’lives.★(四)时文摘要辛西娅·希普威尔(CynthiaHipwell)团队正在致力于研发最新的触摸技术，可以让你摸到图像的时候就对物体有真实的触感。那么下次你买新沙发的时候，可能就不用离开旧沙发去感受新材料的质感了。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. Thenexttimeyoubuyanewcouch,youmaynoteverhavetoleaveyouroldonetogetafeelforthetextureofthenewmaterial.

CynthiaHipwell

isleadingateamworkingtobetterdefinehowthefingerinteractswithadevicewiththehopeofaidinginthefurtherdevelopmentoftechnologythatgoesbeyondsensingandreactingtotouch.

Theultimategoaloffurtheringthishuman-machineinterface(界面)

istogivetouchdevicestheabilitytoprovideuserswitharichertouch-basedexperiencebyequippingthetechnologywiththeabilitytomimicthefeelingofphysicalobjects. Hipwellsharedexamplesofpotentialuses

rangingfromamoreimmersive

virtualrealityplatformtotactile(触觉的)

displayinterfaceslikethoseinamotorvehicledashboard(仪表盘)

andavirtualshoppingexperiencethatwouldlettheuserfeelthetextureofmaterialsbeforepurchasingthem.

“Thiscouldallowyoutoactuallyfeeltextures,buttons,slidesandknobsonthescreen,”Hipwellsaid.“Itcanbeusedforinteractivetouchscreen-baseddisplays,whichwouldcertainlybebeingabletobringtouchintoshoppingsothatyoucouldfeelthetextureoffabricsandotherproductswhileyou’reshoppingonline.” Hipwellexplainedthatthe“touch”incurrenttouchscreentechnologyisessentially

moreforthescreen’sbenefitthantheuser.Withtheemergenceandrefinementoftechnology,thatrelationshipbetweenuseranddevicecangrowtobemorereciprocal(互惠的).

Sheaddedthattheadditionoftouchasasensoryinputwouldultimatelyenrichvirtualenvironmentsandlightentheburdenofcommunicationcurrentlycarriedbyaudioandvisuals. Asresearchintoanddevelopmentofthetechnologycontinuestoprogress,Hipwellsaidshepredictsconsumerswillbegintoseeearlyelementsused

intocommondevicesoverthenextfewyears,withsomeearlyproductsalreadyindevelopment.

“Ithinkearlyelementsofitwilldefinitelybewithinthenextfiveyears,”Hipwellsaid.“Then,itwilljustbeamatterofmaturingthetechnologyandhowadvanced,howrealisticandhowwidespreaditbecomes.”1.Whatisthe

object

ofthe

researchofCynthiaHipwell’steam?A

.

Awaytobuyanewcouchinmarket.B

.

Technologyhelpingscreenusersfeelobjects.C

.Thecreationofsenseofphysicalobjects.D

.

Thetouchofsenseinsomenewmaterials.2.Whatcanpeopledowhentheyuseamoreimmersivevirtualrealityplatform?A

.

Theycanhavetherealsenseofsubjects.B

.

Theywouldlikescreen-baseddisplays.C

.

Theycanbefondoftheshoppingonline.D

.

Theywouldliketomakearealplatform.3.Whatisthedisadvantageofthecurrentscreen?A

.

Itlightenstheusers’burden.B

.

Itneedsmuchtechnology.C

.

Itusesanumberofdevice.D

.

Itcareslessfortheusers.4.WhatisHipwell’sattitudetowardthenewtechnology?A

.

Optimistic.B

.

Doubtful.C

.

Unconcerned.D

.

Neutral.★(五)时文摘要美国航空航天初创公司

VenturiAstrolab

披露了最新的星际漫游车

FLEX，旨在月球表面运送宇航员和货物及其它设备。该公司计划在未来十年内建设由这些漫游车组成的车队，以帮助美国国家航空航天局和其他商业公司在月球上建立长期存在。阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案. California-basedVenturiAstrolabuncovereditsworkingmodelofthevehiclelastweek.Theexplorer,orrover,iscalledFLEX.Astrolabofficialssaythefour-wheeledroverwasdesignedtobesenttothemoonbytheAmericanspaceagencyNASA.FLEXwasdevelopedtotransportastronautsand

cargo

andsupportaseriesoflunaractivitiesandexperiments. IfNASAchoosestousethevehicle,itwillbecomepartoftheArtemisprogram,whichaimstoreturnhumanstothemoonasearlyas2025.Italsocallsforestablishingalong-termbaseonthemoonthatcouldonedaylaunchastronautstoMars.FLEXcouldbecomethefirstastronaut-transportingvehicletovisitthemoonsinceNASA’sApollo17missionin1972.Apollo17wasthelastofsixAmerican

manned

missions

tothemoon. RetiredCanadianastronautChrisHadfieldrecentlytestdrovethevehicle.HesaidinavideoreleasedbyAstrolabthatroversusedduringtheApollomissionswerebuiltpurelyforexplorationpurposes.But,Hadfieldadded,FLEXwasdesignedtosupportastronautslandingonthemoonforlong-termstays.“Onceyougetthere,you’vegottobeabletomovethingsaround,”

hesaid.“Youalsoneedto

transition

theequipmentthatkeepsyoualiveandthatenablestheactivities.”

Hadfieldadded:“Whenwesettlesomewhere,wedon’tonly

needtogetpeoplefromoneplacetoanother,butweneedtomovehardware(硬件设备),cargo,lifesupportequipmentandmore.” Apollo17’sroversetamoonspeedrecordof17.7kilometersperhour.AstrolabchiefJaretMatthewssaysFLEXcanmovejustasfast.TooperateFLEX,astronautsstandinthebackandcontrolthevehiclewitha

joystick(操纵杆)

device.Thevehicleweighsabout500kilograms,butcancarryloadsupto1,500kilograms,Astrolabofficialssay.Withitssun-powered

batteries

fullycharged,FLEXisdesignedtooperatecontinuouslyforuptoeighthours.Matthewssaidthevehicle’senergystoringsystemcansurvivetheextremecoldofalunarnightandtherovercanoperateintotaldarkness.1.WhatcanweknowaboutFLEXfromthepassage?A.

ItisapartoftheArtemisprogram.B

.

IthasbeenadoptedbyNASAasalunarvehicle.C

.

Itisanewspacevehiclebuilttoexplorethemoon.D

.

Itisastandardmeansoftransportationonthemoon.2.WhatistheArtemisprogrammainlyabout?A

.

LaunchingtheastronautstoMars.B

.

CompletingNASA’sApollo17mission.C

.Settingupabasetemporarilyonthemoon.D

.Launchingastronautstothemoonagain.3.WhatmakesFLEXdifferentfromroversofApollomissions?A

.

Itsdesignpurpose.B

.Itscostofdevelopment.C

.Itsworking

principles.D

.

Itsdesignedservicelife.4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A

.

Contrastbetweendifferentrovers.B

.

FeaturesandfunctionsofFLEX.C

.

MovingspeedofApollo17’srover.D

.

HowtooperateFLEXonthemoon.【答案解析】★(一)1.C词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句的“Achild’stoothdiscoveredfromaFrenchcavehasrevealedtheearliestevidenceofhumans...”得知发现的是儿童的“牙齿”，再结合“Thediscoveryofthemolar”可知指的是“这个牙齿的发现”，即molar指的是牙齿，故选C。2.A推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句的“showingthatthetwogroupsofhumanscoexistedintheregion”可以得知，这枚牙齿位于尼安德特人的遗迹中间，据此可以推知至少有两个种族群生活在一起。故选A。3.C推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句的“butthisnewevidencesuggeststhatboththeappearanceofmodernhumansinEuropeanddisappearanceofNeanderthalsismuchmorecomplexthanthat”可以得知，尼安德特人的消失有更加复杂的原因，因此需要人们更加仔细地综合考虑。故选C。4.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句的“archaeologistshavefoundevidenceofalternatinggroupsofHomosapiensandNeanderthalslivinginthesameplace,andtheytookturnsrapidly,evenabruptly,atleasttwice”可知，考古学家已经发现了智人和尼安德特人交替生活在同一个地方的证据，他们至少两次快速，甚至突然地交替生活。由此推断，这两个族群有着复杂的关系。故选C。★(二)1.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句的“startedthegamebrightlyandhadthefirstlookatgoalwithinsecondswhenWuChengshuplayedtheballtoTangJialijustabovethearea”可以得知，比赛开始没几分钟中国女足就差点取得了进球。故选B。2.A主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句的“Koreabegantoseemoreoftheball”“ChoeYu-Ritoscorethe100thgoalofthetournament”以及“Koreaawardedapenalty”可知本段主要介绍韩国队所进两个球的进球过程。故选A。3.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句的“Chinadidnotgiveup”以及第二句的“Onthecontrary,thismadetheplayersmoredeterminedandbolder”可以得知，中国队在落后的情况下并没有放弃，队员们变得更加自信和勇敢，也就是说她们变得更加勇猛。故选B。4.D推理判断题。根据第一段“ChinacamebackfromtwogoalsdowntodefeatKorea3-2inadramaticfinalandwin”和最后一段“XiaoYuyibroketheopponents’goalforthethirdtimeinaddedtime”可知中国队比韩国队3-2赢得比赛，肖裕仪在伤停补时阶段进了第三个球，可知最后一个决胜球是肖裕仪进的，故选D。★(三)1.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Patrickwasinspiredtohelpdevelopbetterwalkingassistivedevicesbythepartialparalysisofhergrandmother”可以得知，她看见祖母因部分瘫痪而有行走不便的困难，从而激发了她开发更好的行走辅助设备的灵感。故选A。2.D推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，她的研究是关于如何帮助不能走路的人能够