大学英语四级长篇匹配阅读20篇

大学英语四级长篇匹配阅读20篇大学英语四级考试阅读部分试题的第二部分是长篇匹配阅读，要求考生阅读一篇1000词左右的文章并完成10道题目。长篇匹配阅读考查考生运用专门的阅读技能来阅读文章的能力，包括用略读获取文章大意和用查读获取特定信息。3.1大学英语四级长篇匹配阅读答题攻略一、题型介绍.文章包括两类：带小标题的文章和无小标题的文章带小标题的文章的每一部分都有一个总括性的小标题，通常这个小标题就是该部分内容的概括性总结，且每一小标题下的内容通常是相对独立的。无小标题的文章没有明显的内容间隔，对于这类文章，需通过略读找出主题句或主题词，特别要注意每段的句首和句尾。.题目类型：句子表述对应文中段落2006年6月〜2007年6月，这部分是快速阅读部分，阅读后的题目为：前面7题为是非判断题，2007年12月〜2013年6月的快速阅读部分的前面7题为选择题；后面3题题型不变，为填空题，要求考生根据文章内容把句子补充完整。而在2013年12月的四级考试，快速阅读变为长篇匹配阅读，篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。二、命题规律.长篇匹配阅读题目设置时，将几句话整合或者将段落的大意、段落中的具体信息作为考察点。题目的顺序不再按文章顺序，而是打乱了，需要考生找到题目与文章项匹配的段落。.包含时间数字、大写字母、人名、地名、机构名称等特别的信息点处往往是命题的重点。.标点符号处常设考点。文章中的标点符号往往是为了更好地解释前面的内容，所以可以利用标点符号，如破折号、小括号、冒号等，推断不认识的单词或句子的含义。三、定位技巧长篇阅读篇幅长、时间短，因此如何快速确定答案所在的位置极其关键。选取定位词时有两个标准：特殊性和细节性。文章中多次出现的词汇不是定位词，只有那些出现次数少、具有明显识别性的词才是定位词。长篇匹配阅读的定位技巧与以前的快速阅读时定位类似。题干中比较容易定位的关键词包括：.数字、地点、大写、斜体、人名的单词数字包括时间、分数、百分数、货币数和普通数值等，这类词容易在原文中找到，可轻松定位。例：Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.（2013年12月样题）地点一般都具有唯一性，其首字母是大写，考试时应注意原文中的不同地点会对应不同的信息。例：ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.（2013年12月样题）大写单词一般是组织机构等的缩写或是对某事物的特定称谓，在考查该地区、该事件等相关问题时作用时可帮助定位。例：WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?（2009年6月）斜体一般是在考查与斜体相关的信息时出现，可在原文中快速找到。人名通常是和某个机构名称或其职务连用，如ScottFriedhoff,Allegheny'svicepresident,在考查某人的观点态度或研究发现时常利用人名进行定位。例：WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?（2011年6月）.拼写较长、以连字符连接的词这类词在原文中的出现次数很少，因此可根据题干中的长难词有效确定答案的位例：Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.（2013年12月样题）globalintegration表示"全球一体化"是常见的搭配，在文中很容易就能找到。.文章小标题长篇匹配阅读有时在文章中会出现多个小标题，而每个小标题后都对应特定主题的内容，做题时可根据题干信息找到相应小标题，缩小做题范围。四、解题技巧利用定位技巧找到题干在原文中的大体位置后，如何确定题目答案同样有迹可循.注意逻辑关系词在将题目与原文进行对应时，要学会挑拣有信息的地方精读，其中原文中表示逻辑关系的词要注意：a.因果关系：asaresult,therefore,hence,consequently,because,for,dueto等。b.并歹U、递进关系：and,or,then,inaddition,besides,inotherwords,moreover等。c.转折关系：however,but,yet,infact等。d.表示比较：onthecontrary;bycontrast;comparedwith,...than...等。运用这些词可帮助确定题目的考查点，例如出现表示转折关系的词时，转折的作用一般是对前面的否定，对后面的肯定。.运用标点符号要学会运用小括号、破折号、冒号等。通常这些标点符号是为了进一步解释前面的信息，而快速阅读的词汇相对来说比较简单，可以很容易理解标点前的被解释信息，因此在做题时可将这些符号之后的信息略去不读，从而节省做题时间。.同义替换四级长篇匹配阅读部分，有时题目并不一定是原本的内容，而是使用了同义转换,因此做题时注意原文中换一种说法以后设置的题目。有的题考查文章主旨、段落大意，通常可在文章的首末句子、首末段落处查找。五、解题步骤在做长篇匹配阅读时，除了要有较快的阅读速度，还必须掌握一定的做题方法,考生可参照以下步骤进行答题：.先看题目定方向长篇匹配阅读篇幅长、时间短，因此在做题时必须带着目的在原文中有选择有方向地阅读。考生应先看题目再看文章，首先利用题目中的时间、数字、大写、人名等关键词快速定位答案在原文中的位置，接着再读文章。.定位判断很轻松相对于深度阅读而言，长篇匹配阅读中"找"甚于"懂"，因为它不像深度阅读的选项那样具有极强的干扰性，因此只要题干中的某些关键词出现在文中锁定的位置,就可以确定正确答案了。3.2大学英语四级长篇匹配阅读高分特训20篇Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Pleasereadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestions.基础篇Passage1题材：社会生活字数：1170建议用时：14分钟DigitalBookIsaTrueRevolutionforBlindPeopleNolongerdoprintedbookstorturemewithallthethingsI'mmissing,writesPeterWhite,whoisblind.Thebookisafamiliartheme.Indeed,itcameupyetagaininthisnewspaper'sletterspagesearlierthisweek.ThepointofthislatestevilspeakingagainsttheriseoftheeBookwasthatphysicalbooksleaveatrace,canbepassedon,enhancearoom,reigniteamemory.Andyetformostofmylife,greedyandindiscriminatebookreaderthoughIam,theprintedbookhasbeennothingbutatease（取笑）：awill-o^the-wispholdingoutwhatmightbepossible,onlytograbitawayassoonasIreachforit.Iwasbornblind,andreadingformehasalwaysmeantbraille（盲文）.I'vehadmuchfunandsatisfactionfrombooks,buttheyaretheonecasewhereI'venotbeenabletosticktomyruleofnotsorrowingforwhatIcouldn'thave.Withonlyatinyproportionofbookspublishedavailableinbraille—welllessthan1%—theworld'sliteraturewasnotsomuchoffereduptoyouashunginfrontofyou.Itwasasubtleformoftorture:justenoughtosuckyouin,nochancetodothatreader'sthing,starttofinish,inanorgy（狂欢）ofexcess.Andthisiswheremylove-haterelationshipwiththeprintedbook,andthebookshop,starts.Iremembergoingintothemwithmymum,runningmyfingersalongtheshelves,lettingtheedgesofpagesslipthroughmyfingers.Wasthis,perhaps,FiveGoBungee-Jumping,orWilliamandtheOutlawsLearntoRap?It'sbeennobettersinceI'vebeenanadult,althoughinsteadofBlyton,CromptonandFrankRichards,TveobsessedaboutthelatestSebastianFaulks,tackybonkbusterorpoliticalbiography.Ihaveallthesensoryaspirationsofthebook-lover—thesmellofthepaper;thesatisfyingcrackofopeninganewbook;thepleasinglyroundedfeelofthespine（脊背）一withnoneofthesatisfactionofreadingthem.IsupposeatthispointIhadbetteranticipatestoppingthefloodofsuggestionsfrompuzzledwell-wishers,wonderingthatIhavenotheardofthetalkingbook.Ihave,ofcourse,andverygoodsomeofthemare—butit'snotreading,isit?Yetthere'sgoodnews.Thiscolumnisnottobeasustainedcomplaint.Thereisahappyending.Ihavejustspentmuchofmyholidaybrowsinginbookshops—andnotasaformofself-flagellation（自罚）butlookingforbooksIamactuallygoingtobeabletoread.Themuch-maligned（被毁谤）technologicalrevolutionhascomeupwiththeanswerIthoughtIwouldneverlivetosee:braillebooks,virtuallyondemand.It'snowpossible,withtherightcombinationofhardwareandsoftware,tobuyabookat9am,scanitpagebypage,andthenuseascreen-readertorenderiteitherintosyntheticspeech,orintobraille,andbereadingitbylunchtime.Ifthiswereall,itwouldbeagreatadvance;butyoudon'thavetobetiedtothecomputertoreadyourbook.Youcandownloaditontoaflashcard,whichyoucaninsertintoaportablebraillereader.Result:hundredsofbooksoneachtinycard,atthetouchofabutton.Again,1knowthisisnotnew.It'sbeenaroundforatleast15years.ButIamanaturalLuddite,andhavehadtogothroughthefourstagesoffindingoutaboutit,learningtobelievethatithadanythingtodowithme,figuringoutphysicallyhowtodoit,andfinallyallowingittorevolutionizemylife.Therearedrawbacks,someofwhichI'llcometo,butjustletmegloryforalittlelongerinthefreedomtobrowseatall.IamnowafamiliarfigureinthebookshopsofWinchester,especiallythesecondhandones,ofwhichwe'reluckyenoughtohavequiteafew.Ithastobemainlysecondhandones,becauselikeakidinasweetshop,particularlyakidwhowasn'tallowedsweetsforalongtime,Iamindangerofgorging（狼吞虎咽）myselfandmakingmyselfsick.Secondhandistheonlywayofkeepingmyspendingundersomesortofcontrol.IsuspectI'mnotauniversallypopularbrowser.1needacompaniontofindtherightsection,toreadtitlesandreviewsandmaybeeventhebeginningofthebook—allthethingstypicalbrowsersdo,butnotaloud.Idon'tfindsecondhandbookshopstedious—there'sgood-fellowshipamongbookhunters—butevenso,Isometimesfeelthegrowingdisapprovalofthequietcarriageonthetrain:“Wellstandonephonecall,butnotthree/1H)I'mquitehappywithmycompanion-in-chief,abook-lovingsonwhoovertheyearshaspatientlyreadandabstractedbooksforme,andisnowtryingtodecidewhethertheroleofbrowserandscanner-in-chiefismoreorlessstruggling.Overthepastcoupleofweeks,inthedelightfuldisorderedchaosthatissecondhandbookshops,I'vemanagedtopickupeverythingfromaculturalsurveyoftheWeimarrepublictoanessayongoalkeeping,viabiographiesasdisconnectedasMarieAntoinetteandKimPhilby;tryoutauthorswhosenameshavecaughtmyfancyinreviews,suchasAlisonLurie;andmakerandomdecisionsaboutwhatIread,ratherthanhavethosedecisionsmadeformebytheequallyrandomfancyofthecommitteethatdecideswhatisputintobraille.Suddenly,Icanpursueimpulses,suchasmysearchforCynthiaAsquith'sghoststories,oradecentaccountoftheSouthAfricansinEnglandin1955.I)It'snotperfectyet.Scanningbookspagebypageistedious;variationsoftypeandprintsizecanoftenproduceequallyvariableresults,whichrequireskillfuleditingtomakereadable;andeverytimesomeoneupgradessoftwareorchangesanoperatingsystem,youfindyourselfbackatsquareone.Withbooksbeingproducedelectronicallyasamatterofcourse,publishers,authorsandagentscouldbemuchmorehelpful.Surelyawayofmakingdigitalversionsofbooksavailabletoblindpeoplepreparedtopayforthem,orborrowthemunderclearlydefinedconditions,couldbedevisedwithoutbringingdownthepublishingindustryinanexplosionofpiracy?Whilewewaitforthepublishersandtheblindorganizationstogettheirfingersout,weblindreaderstakemattersintoourownhands,passingourscannedbooksquietlyamongourselveslikekidswithdrugsonstreetcorners.Buthey!Forafewofusluckyenoughtohavetheequipment,themoneyandthehelp,thingsaresomuchbettertoday.Nowit'smewhoisabletotakeasmanybooksonholidayasIlike,allpackedonthoselittlecards,whilemywifehastolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks.ThedaysofWarandPeacein21braillevolumes,slippingthepostman'sdiscashestaggersupthepath,arenearlyover.1.Now,insteadofsubmittingtothedecisionsmadebytheequallyrandomwhimofthecommitteethatdecideswhatisputintobraille,theauthorcanmakerandomdecisionsaboutwhathereads.LesslessthanLesslessthan1%ofbookspublishedareavailableinbraille,thustheriseofebookswillcausetheauthor'ssorrowforthebooks..Thereasonwhytheauthormainlychoosesthesecondhandbookshopsisthatinthatwayhecankeephisspendingundercontrol.ThereasonforrecentevilspeakingagainsttheeBookwasthatphysicalbookscouldbepassedonandleaveatracewhileebookcouldnot..Theintentionoftheauthor'sspendingmuchofhisholidaybrowsinginbookshopswastolookforbooksthatheisabletoread.Nowit'stheauthor'swifewhohastolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks,whiletheauthorcantakeasmanybooksonholidayashelike,allpackedonthoselittlecards.Comparedwiththenormalbook-lover,theauthorcan'tenjoythecontentofreadingthebooks.Thebraillereaderisnotperfectyetforvariationsoftypeandprintsizecanoftenproduceequallyvariableresults,whichrequiresskilfuleditingtomakereadable.Theauthorchosetousetheportablebraillereaderafter15yearssinceitsinventionbecauseheneededsometimetogettoknowit,learnit,andthenuseit.Thoughhethinksthesecondhandbookshopsboring,theauthorsometimesfeelsthegrowingdisapprovalbecauseofmuchringofphones.「文章大意」本文讲述了一位盲人使用电子书的感受，从之前只有很少的书籍有盲文版本，到现在通过使用阅读器可以将所有的书都转换成盲文，极大地方便了盲人中那些渴望读书的人。参考答案及解析1.H定位由equallyrandomwhimofthecommittee可定位到H段倒数第二句。解析该句提到作者现在可以对自己要读什么书做任意的决定，而不是“听从那些决定将哪些书制成盲文的委员会的任意的决定"。2.B定位由sorrowfor可定位到B段第三句。解析该句指出“只有一件事作者不能坚持自己的原则，即不为自己不能拥有的而伤心”，后面接着提到“是因为只有很少一部分的书籍有盲文版本”。.F定位由secondhand可定位到F段后半部分。解析作者用小孩吃糖果的例子来说明为什么必须是二手书店，最后一句指出“二手书店在某种程度上是控制花销的唯一的一种方式”。.A定位根据evilspeakingagainsttheeBook可定位到A段第四句。解析该句指出"最新抨击电子书的焦点是电子书不像纸质书可以留下痕迹，可以传递，可以扩充房屋，可以点燃回忆等"。.D定位由holiday,browsinginbookshops可定位到D段中间。解析该句指出“假期的大部分时间我都在书店里浏览，不是为了自罚，而是寻找我真正可以读的书”。.I定位由tolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks可定位到1段倒数第二句。解析这句话提到"现在是我可以在假期的时候随便带多少书，把它们都装在这些小卡片里，而我的妻子却只能带三四本纸质书”。.C定位由book-lover可定位到C段最后一句。解析作者和那些爱书人"有同样的感官渴望一纸张的味道，新书翻开的响声带来的满足，抚摸圆形书脊的那种开心感觉一但却没有一点来自读书的满足”。定位根据notperfectyet可定位到I段。解析该段前几句提到"目前的技术并不完美，一页页的扫描书很乏味，而且不同的类型和打印尺寸经常会得到不同的结果，这需要熟练的编辑技术才能做到轻松易读”。.E定位根据题干中portablebraillereader,15years可定位到E段。解析该段后半部分提到作者知道“这种技术不是很新，它已经存在至少15年了，但是他是一个天生的勒德分子"，接着作者解释了什么是勒德分子，即必须经过四个阶段才能去使用这种技术的人。.G定位由feelsthegrowingdisapproval可定位到G段后半部分。解析作者指出“有时候会感到逐渐增多的不满：我们可以忍受一个电话，但不是三个”，即作者不满有太多的电话响声。reignite卜,再点外重新激起torture（tortje]n.&m梅间•（便）痛苦indiscriminate[jndis'kriminit]时.不加选择的anticipate[aentisipeitj'r.陵期，摧前使用；抢在…前tediousMr乏味的.单调的，冗长的evilspeaking诽谤adheret。坚特，拈酎i拥护,追随beobsessedabout着迷的「词汇装备」Passage2题材：社会生活字数：1120建议用时：13.5分钟WhyIntegrityMattersWhatIsIntegrity?A]Thekeytointegrityisconsistency—notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical（道德上的）standardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse（缺失）ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessMakingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism（票!）窃）mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis“unintentional“doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense."ButEverybodyDoesIt"Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade/1Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying/1Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking—andthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,thatsanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksTodecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"0"onatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension（暂令停学）ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable（脆弱的）position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwaywithit—OrNotThosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives（录U夺］himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems“easier,"Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.CheatingHurtsOther,TooCheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累积的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating“poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheatIcan'tcompetewiththosewhodo")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays。"I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityMattersIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist—thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateronvalueimmediatebenefitsmost.Integritymattersbecauseallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople'shonestyandgoodfaith..Thereasonwhywemustlearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotakeistomakesurewemakeresponsiblechoices.Manypeoplefoolthemselvesaboutrisksbyusingallkindsofexcuseswhentheygetintrouble,eveniftheyknowtherules.Cheatingislikediease,thatcanspreadinclassroom.Ithurtshard-workstudents,teachersandthereputationoftheuniversity.Tobeapersonofintegrity,onenotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalsostickstotheminhisdailylife.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtrightawaywillpaymoredearly.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal.Integrityplaysanimportantroleinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships.Violationofaruleismisconductevenifitisunintentional.「文章大意」本文围绕诚信进行讨论，可见近些年来人们对于道德问题给予了高度的重视。本文以小标题的形式展开，从什么是诚信、风险业务、人人热衷于冒险、评估风险、避免欺骗行为等方面阐释了诚信在日常生活中的重要性。参考答案及解析.E定位根据题干关键词regretlater定位到E段的第二句。解析表述与原文是同义转述，value和原文中的focuson都表达"注重眼前利益”之意。.H定位据题干关键词Integritymatters和relyon定位到H段第二句。解析该句提到“我们的日常生活都必须依靠相互信任"，否则社会会一片混乱，由此可见正直、诚实的重要性。.C定位根据题干关键词identifytherisks将答案定位在C段。解析题干中identifytherisks与文中recognizerisks是同义替换。.D定位根据题干中foolthemselves和byusingallkindsofexcuses可定位在D段第一句。解析该句提到“惹祸上身的人中绝大多数都知道规则和事实，但是他们总是自欺欺人，为自己所承担的风险寻找借口”。.G定位根据题干关键词disease和hurt等词，可定位到G段。解析这一段主要讲的是作弊对他人的危害。陈述是对G段的总结。.A定位根据题干关键词是“notonly…butalso..."可定位到全文第一句。解析提到“诚信最关键的就是言行一致一一不仅要为自己设定一个高标准（诚实,责任感，尊重他人，公平），而且每时每刻都要遵守这些标准”。.F定位根据题干关键词getcaught定位到F段的首句。解析原句里的higherprice和moredearly是同义替换。.H定位根据题干关键词integrityoftheirpoliticalleaders定位到H段的后面部分。解析该部分提到水门事件的丑闻使美国人对政治和社会的信任降低。.B定位根据题干关键词personalandprofessional定位到原文B段中间及后半部分。解析该部分指出"诚信的缺失会影响我们的人际关系。信任在任何重要的人际关系中都是基本的，不论是私人关系还是职业关系。”由此可知诚信在私人关系和职业关系中都很重要。10.D定位根据题干关键词violation和misconduct将定位在D段倒数第二句。

解析这里讲到“即使并非有意而为地违反了诚信的规则也是错误的，不能以此为借口”。integrity[integriti]n.lEMintegrity[integriti]n.lEM.诚实；完整；完全；完整性undermine[^ndemain]ignorance[ignerens] 1不知statistics[stetistiks]几统计学i统计表u-atchover监视i看守deprivesbof剥夺某人的…「词汇装备」suspension[sas'penjan]n.；悬洛暂停;悬而未决dismissal[dis'misal]免职；解雇slippery['sliperi]。力：滑的；光滑的scandal[skaendl]??.丑闻；诽谤j流言蜚语beavailable有空的i可供使用的insum总而言之Passage3题材：经济管理字数：921建议用时：11分钟HighwaysEarlyinthe20thcentury,mostofthestreetsandroadsintheU.S.weremadeofdirt,brick,andcedarwoodblocks.Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoottraffic,theywereusuallypoorlycaredforandtoonarrowtoaccommodate（容纳）automobiles.Withtheincreaseinautoproduction,privateturnpike（4攵费公路）companiesunderlocalauthoritiesbegantospringup,andby1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.Manywerebuiltusingspecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacAdam（forwhomthemacadamsurfaceisnamed],whosespecificationsstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weightrestrictions,orcommercialsigns.DuringWorldWarI,roadsthroughoutthecountrywerenearlydestroyedbytheweightoftrucks.WhenGeneralEisenhowerreturnedfromGermanyin1919,afterservingintheU.S.army'sfirsttranscontinentalmotorconvoy（车队）,henoted:"Theoldconvoyhadstartedmethinkingaboutgood,two-lanehighways,butGermany'sAutobahnormotorwayhadmademeseethewisdomofbroaderribbonsacrosstheland/1Itwouldtakeanotherwarbeforethefederalgovernmentwouldactonanationalhighwaysystem.DuringWorldWarII,atremendousincreaseintrucksandnewroadswererequired.ThewardemonstratedhowcriticalhighwaysweretothedefenseeffortThirteenpercentofdefenseplantsreceivedalltheirsuppliesbytruck,andalmostallotherplantsshippedmorethanhalfoftheirproductsbyvehicle.Thewaralsorevealedthatlocalcontrolofhighwayshadledtoaconfusingvarietyofdesignstandards.Evenfederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicstandards.Somestatesallowedtrucksupto36,000pounds,whileothersrestrictedanythingover7,000pounds.Agovernmentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystemof33,920miles,andcongresssoonpassedtheFederal-AidHighwayActof1944,whichcalledforstrict,centrallycontrolleddesigncriteria.Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.Tobuildits44,000-milewebofhighways,bridge,andtunnels,hundredsofuniqueengineeringdesignsandsolutionshadtobeworkedout.Considerthemanygeographicfeaturesofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,desertsandplains.Variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload,theintensityofroaduse,andthenatureoftheunderlyingsoil.Urbanareaswereanotherproblem.Innovativedesignsofroadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,andinterchangesthatcouldrunthroughorbypassurbanareassoonbegantoweavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerica.Today,theinterstatesystemlinkseverymajorcityintheU.S.,andtheU.S.withCanadaandMexico.Builtwithsafetyinmind,thehighwayshavewidelanesandshoulders,dividingmedians,orbarriers,longentryandexitlanes,curvesengineeredforsafeturns,andlimitedaccess.ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.S.roads(0.86deathsper100millionpassengermilescomparedto1.99deathsper100milliononallotherroads).ByopeningtheNorthAmericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofthecountry,spurredthegrowthofsuburbs,andprovidedpeoplewithgreateroptionsintermofjobs,accesstoculturalprograms,healthcare,andotherbenefits.Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheycherishmost:personalfreedomofmobility.Theinterstatesystemhasbeenanessentialelementofthenation'seconomicgrowthintermsofshippingandjobcreation:morethan75percentofthenation'sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck;andmostproductsthatarrivebyrailorairuseinterstatesforthelastlegofthejourneybyvehicle.NotonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters.Ithasallowedtherelocationofmanufacturingplantsandotherindustriesfromurbanareastorural.Bytheendofthecenturytherewasanimmensenetworkofpavedroads,residentialstreets,expressways,andfreewaysbuilttosupportmillionsofvehicles.ThehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.Theyearconstructionbeganhesaid:"Together,theunitedforcesofourcommunicationandtransportationsystemsaredynamicelementsintheverynamewebear—UnitedStates.Withoutthem,wewouldbeamereallianceofmanyseparateparts.”Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan75%..Manyoftheproblemspresentedbythecountry/sgeographicalfeaturesfoundsolutionsininnovativeengineeringprojects..MoststreetsandroadsinU.S.inearly20thcenturywerenotwideenoughforautomobiles.TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionofhisvisionandleadership..WorldWarIIrevealedaconfusingdesignstandardofhighways,eventhefederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicnorms.Itwasinthe1950sthattheAmericangovernmentfinallytookactiontobuildanationalhighwaysystem.Thespecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacAdamstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwaspersonalfreedomofmobility.Inspiteofsafetyconsiderations,thedeathrateoninterstatehighwaysislowerthanthatofotherAmericanroads.ThehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomyintermsofprovidingshippingroutesandstimulatingthespin-offindustries.「文章大意」文章介绍了美国洲际公路的发展情况。前三段讲述20世纪初美国原有的道路条件差，无法满足汽车工业的发展和军事需要。第四、五段介绍了解决方案，即建设州际公路网。最后一部分介绍了州际公路对美国经济发展与人民生活等带来的好处。参考答案及解析.H定位根据题干信息trucks和75%定位到H段第一句话。解析该句"morethan75percentofthenation'sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck"（全国超过75%的货物运输是由卡车完成的）。.E定位根据题干信息geographicalfeatures及in