新概念英语语法：名词表格总结

名词一．用法表解定义名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词分类普通名词可数名词个体名词book,pen,boy集体名词family,team,group,class,government,army,enemy不可数名词物质名词air,water,sunshine抽象名词difficulty,progress,success专有名词不加定冠词构成的专有名词America,China,BeijingUniversity加定冠词构成的专有名词theUnitedStates,theGreatWall功能作主语Animalsarehumanbeings'friends.作宾语HeisreadinganEnglishnovel.作表语Whatweneedistime.作补语Weelectedhimourmonitor.作状语Hesatherealongtime.作定语：当有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词时用名词作定语一般用单数表分类boy-friend,coffeecup,colorTV表时间eveningschool,wintersleep表地点streetdance,villagepeople,countrymusic,Chinaproblems表称呼DoctorJack,ProfessorLi表用途tablecloth,bookstore,weatherreport,trafficlight表材料stonetable,papermoney少数用复数sportsmeet,theUnitedStatesgovernment,twostudents,reading-room,foodstrain,women,/mendoctors单数变复数规则变化直接加sboys,pens,desks,Germans以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加esboxes,buses,watches,brushes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes以o结尾的加skilos,pianos,radios,photos,zoos以ch结尾的发音为[k]的加sstomachs以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加escity-cities,story-stories,但boys,days,keys以f或fe结尾的，将f或fe改为v，再加esknife-knives,leaf-leaves有些以f结尾的词，直接加sroofs,proofs,beliefs,serfs,safes,chiefs,gulfs不规则变化单复数同形Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep,fish,works,means,aircraft只有复数形为复数，实为单数或不可数goods,news,physics,mathematics,politics形为单数，实为复数cattle,people,police一般成对出现的trousers,scissors,glasses等抽象名词复数形式表示特定含义Congratulations！Thanks！Bestregards/wishes!makepreparations,inrags,inruins,instructions,directions,inhighspirits有些名词的复形式表示不同含义clothes,goods,manners,surroundings,inrags,ashes,arms改变元音字母的man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,goose-geese,ox-oxen特例：child-children,medium-media,Frenchman-Frenchmen合成词有主体词，复数形式加在主体词后boy-friends,sons-in-law无主体词，复数形式加在词末grown-ups,go-betweens所有格有生命单个人直接加'sTom'sbike以s结尾的名词加'或’sEngles's或Engles'woks表店铺或某人家时，所有格后的地点名词常省略thebaker's,theteacher's多个人以s结尾的名词加'students'books特殊变化的加'sWomen'sDay两个人共有的TomandMike'sroom各自的Tom'sandMike'srooms无生命表时间、距离、国家、城市的名词后加's或'today'snewspaper,China'sindustry,threeminutes'walk通常用of短语来表示thewindowoftheroom双重所有格被修名词前有不定冠词、指示代词或数词修饰时其中之一anoldfriendofmyuncle's,表部分somefriendsofMr.Zhang's表赞扬、批评、厌恶等感情色彩thatpictureofhers特别提示抽象名词具体化表份数acoffee,threedrinks具有某种特征的人或事asurprise/pity/pleasure/(an)honor/support/comfort/success/failure/waste/knowledge/must具体名词抽象化inbed/hospital,gotoschool/college/church纯不可数名词information,jewellery,news,fun,advice,work,weather,bread,chalk,furniturebeof+抽象名词beofvalue/use/help/hope/importance/significance同一个词用作