India-introduction-印度最全英文介绍(课堂)课件

WalkintoIndia1WalkintoIndia1GeographyClimate

Cuisine2Geography2HOT3HOT3belongstotropicalmonsoonclimatetakeBombay(孟买)forexample4belongstotropicalmonsooncl55tsunamidrought6tsunamidrought6ThemainplacesofinterestinIndia7ThemainplacesofinterestinTajMahal泰姬陵Itwasbuiltforthewifeoftheking-Shahjahan沙贾汗inMughaldynasty（莫卧儿王朝）.Itwasunderthenameofthetitleoftheconcubine妃子.ItmeansthefirstwomaninPalace.

8TajMahal泰姬陵ItwasbuiltfortTajMahal泰姬陵泰戈尔说:泰姬陵是“一滴爱的眼泪”阿格拉城的泰姬陵，是印度建筑史上的一大奇迹，陵墓墙壁上处处镶嵌着红绿蓝宝石。泰姬陵高大宏伟，让人为之折服。比泰姬陵本身更吸引人的就是一段也堪称“世界奇迹”的爱情:公元十六世纪，一位叫泰姬的美丽女人嫁给了印度莫卧儿王朝的皇帝沙杰汗，先后为他生养了十四个子女，并且与战乱中的皇帝同悲同喜，还帮助他夺回王位，却不幸在36岁那年因难产而死。临终前，泰姬向皇帝道出三愿:一要皇帝善待子女;二要他不得续娶;三愿皇帝为她建造一座能和她的容貌匹配的最美丽的陵墓。皇帝悲痛无比，一一承诺。他除了每年征发二万多名印度民工，还召来世界各地著名的设计师和工匠，历时22年，用印度西北的纯白大理石、斯里兰卡的蓝宝石、伊拉克的月长石、阿拉伯的珊瑚、波斯的紫水晶、俄国的孔雀石、中国西藏的翡翠……耗资千万，终于创造了世界奇观。痴情的皇帝还打算在泰姬陵的河对岸为自己建造一座相似的陵墓，用通体透黑的大理石对应通体透白的爱妃陵，寓示两人的爱情纯洁得没有丁点儿杂质。河面上还要用黑白两色的大理石建一座桥，连接两人纯黑纯白的陵墓。然而皇帝的美梦未能成真，他的三个儿子迫不及待夺取王位，将年迈的他囚禁在阿格拉堡的一座角楼中，最后郁郁而死。这类结局并不陌生。历史上宫廷里为争夺王位，父子相残兄弟相戮的事例比比皆是。大概皇子们也有感于老爸对母亲的痴情，虽然没有理睬他建筑“爱情桥”的遗愿，但总算把他的遗体送到了泰姬身旁。现在陵内存放着的两具嵌满宝石花卉的白色大理石石棺，小小的那具就是皇帝沙杰汗的棺椁。9TajMahal泰姬陵泰戈尔说:泰姬陵是“一滴爱的眼泪”RedFort德里红堡ItwasthepalaceofMughaldynasty.(莫卧儿王朝）.ItwasatypicalMughalstylebuilding.10RedFort德里红堡Itwasthepalace

Nalan-da那兰陀ThesiteofBuddhistholylands.Buddhistholylands11Nalan12121313Cuisine-----FoodAvegetariankingdomMilkandteaMutton(羊肉）Tobacco（烟草）andalcoholarenotpopularNoknifeandforkfeatures14Cuisine-----FoodAvegetariank151516161717Lemontea18Lemontea18IndianChai19IndianChai192020212122222323IndianSamosas

咖喱角,印度三角饼24IndianSamosas

咖喱角,印度三角饼2425252626Want27Want27ART&LANGUAGE28ART&LANGUAGE28LANGUAGE&LITERATUREENGLISHANDHINDI(北印度语)LANGUAGE29LANGUAGE&LITERATUREENGLISHANDDANCENorthernIndiandanceMannypooleydanceCuttackdanceSouthernIndiandanceBharatanatyamGetakelidance

BellyDance30DANCENorthernIndiandanceBell3131PAINTING

TheevolutionofIndiaartstyleisaffectednotonlybythebeautyofformautonomy(自治）law,butalsorestrictedbytheIndiareligion

（宗教；宗教信仰）,philosophy(哲学）transmutation.（演变）Buddhistart（佛教）HinduArt（印度教）32PAINTINGTheevolutionofIndARCHITECTURETheIndiaRiverandtheGangesRiver（恒河）areoneoftheancientworldcivilizationdevelopedarea,isthebirthplaceofBuddhism,Brahmanism（婆罗门教）andJainism（耆那教）,laterleftarichandcolorfulbuildings.33ARCHITECTURETheIndiaRiveranSociallifeofIndiaReligionInterestingsocialcustomsandtraditionsIdeasandbeliefs34SociallifeofIndiaReligionIJainism

耆那教Christianism基督教Buddhism佛教Sikhism

锡克教Islam伊斯兰教Hinduism

印度教VariousReligionsDeeplyinfluentedbyreligions

Religiousdiversity35JainismChristianismBuddhismS耆那教在汉译佛典中称为尼乾外道、无系外道、裸形外道、无惭外道或宿作因论等。印度有0.4%的居民信奉耆那教，该教徒的信仰是理性高于宗教，认为正确的信仰、知识、操行会导致解脱之路，进而达到灵魂的理想境界。同时该教是一种禁欲宗教，其教徒主要集中在西印度。耆那教徒不从事以屠宰为生的职业，也不从事农业。主要从事商业、贸易或工业。耆那教不讲究信神，但崇拜24祖。

锡克教(Sikhism)是15世纪产生于印度的一神教，主要流行于印度旁遮普邦，在南亚的巴基斯坦，东南亚的马来西亚，北美的美国和加拿大也有少量信徒。"锡克"一词，来源于梵文，意思是"学生"、"弟子"、"信徒"。锡克教徒被称为锡克人，长发、梳子、钢箍、匕首、短裤是锡克教徒的五大信仰标识。尊崇十位上师并以上师们传授的《阿底格兰特》为经典，《阿底格兰特》象征第十一位上师。以公平正义、扶贫济弱和宗教自由为基本教义。宗教符号的圆圈代表没有始终的唯一真神，左右两边的弯刀象征捍卫真理与正义;中间的双刃刀代表做饭的刀具。锡克教神寺每天给穷人提供免费餐饮。圣城是阿姆利则，朝圣地是被称为"神之所在"的阿姆利则金寺。36耆那教在汉译佛典中称为尼乾外道、无系外道、裸形外道、无惭外道BUDDHISM佛教

﹠JAINISM耆那教37BUDDHISM佛教﹠JAINISM耆那教37CHRISTIANISM基督教

﹠SIKHISM锡克教38CHRISTIANISM基督教﹠SIKHISM锡克教38HINDUISM印度教

﹠ISLAM伊斯兰教39HINDUISM印度教﹠ISLAM伊斯兰教39Hinduism（印度教）

The3rdlargestTheoldestextantreligionMorethan800millionadherents---82%ofpeoplePolytheism多神论

---morethan300milliondeitiesCastesystem种姓制度

---BrahminKshatriyaVaishyaSūdraIdea---Thesoulsofpeopleareperpetual（永恒的）40Hinduism（印度教）The3rdlargestShiva湿婆：印度教毁灭之神

Brahma毗湿奴：印度教保护之神

Vishun梵天：印度教创造之神

3lord（主/上帝）deities（神）ofHinduism

41ShivaBrahmaVishun3lord（主/上帝）4242Thefane（寺庙）ofHinduism---Prambanam（普兰班南）43Thefane（寺庙）ofHinduism---Pra444445454646TotemofHinduismWeareHOLYCATTLE（家畜）.图腾47TotemofHinduismWeareHOLYCSymbolofHinduism48SymbolofHinduism48Everymorning，manyHindusbathintheholywaterofVaranasiGangesRiver(瓦拉纳西恒河)Worship49Everymorning，manyHindusbathThefaneofJainism

50ThefaneofJainism50

ThefaneofSikhism---DaikinTemple

51ThefaneofSikhism---DaikiThenationalflowerofIndia52ThenationalflowerofIndia525353Nationalbird

54Nationalbird545555TraditionalSocialCultureTheinfluencesofHinduismandthetraditionofthecaste（种姓）systemhavecreatedaculturethatemphasizesestablishedhierarchical（等级）-婆罗门,刹帝利,吠舍,首陀罗relationships.

56TraditionalSocialCultureTheEtiquettes

andtaboos

JustCan'tSayNoIndiansdonotliketoexpress'no,'AnIndianwouldbeconsideredterriblyrudeifyousaid“no”.MeetingEtiquetteNormalgreeting:Holdhands,palmstogether,underthechinandsay,"Namaste,"means"peace."AlighthandshakeisconsideredthemostpoliteformofgreetinginIndia.Itisconsideredimpolitetoofferyourhandfirsttoshakewithawomen,becauseofreligiousbeliefs.57EtiquettesandtaboosJustCanAdirtylefthandWashingwithlefthand……Iamthe“right”hand.Itispolitetoshakewithyourrighthands.58AdirtylefthandWashingwithDon’ttouch!Ifyoutouchothers’head,youwillmakethemunhappy.Holyhead

59Don’ttouch!IfyoutouchotherColoursLikeDislike60ColoursLikeDislike60Luckynumbers61Luckynumbers61HistoricaleventsCeremonyFestivalsIndia62Historicalevents

ImportantEventsInIndianHistory1.PartitionofIndia&Pakistan(1947)2.FramingofConstitution(1950)63ImportantEventsInIndianHi3.GoldenTempleAssault(1984)4.MissileLaunchesandGreenRevolution(20thcentury)643.GoldenTempleAssault(1984HinduBabyNamingCeremony-Namkaran

Mostlyonthe11thor12thdayafterdeliveryFemalerelativesgatheraroundthecradleandsingtraditionalfolksongsBlessthechildandthemothertogethergivingsomegiftitemsAfeastforallthefamilymembers65HinduBabyNamingCeremony-NamWedding

Bridealwaysinredorwhite,withjewelryandlongwreathwithrosesThreeparts:footwashing,handholding,scatteringflowerretalsEattraditionalcandyAfterfeast,thebridehasacry66WeddingBridealwaysinredorFuneralFormanyHindusburyingtheirdead,themostcommonpracticeistocrematethebody,collecttheashes,onthefourthday,dispersetheashesinasacredbodyofwater67FuneralFormanyHindusburying

PopularFestivalsinIndiaNO.1Diwali--"FestivalofLights",(5November).NO.2Holi--"FestivalofColors",(1March).68PopularFestivalsinIndiaNO.NO.3Onam--OnamisatraditionaltendayharvestfestivalthatmarksthehomecomingofthemythicalKingMahabali.(23August)NO.4PushkarCamelFair--Anastonishing50,000camelsconvergeonthetinydeserttownofPushkar.69NO.3Onam--OnamisatraditionWalkintoIndia70WalkintoIndia1GeographyClimate

Cuisine71Geography2HOT72HOT3belongstotropicalmonsoonclimatetakeBombay(孟买)forexample73belongstotropicalmonsooncl745tsunamidrought75tsunamidrought6ThemainplacesofinterestinIndia76ThemainplacesofinterestinTajMahal泰姬陵Itwasbuiltforthewifeoftheking-Shahjahan沙贾汗inMughaldynasty（莫卧儿王朝）.Itwasunderthenameofthetitleoftheconcubine妃子.ItmeansthefirstwomaninPalace.

77TajMahal泰姬陵ItwasbuiltfortTajMahal泰姬陵泰戈尔说:泰姬陵是“一滴爱的眼泪”阿格拉城的泰姬陵，是印度建筑史上的一大奇迹，陵墓墙壁上处处镶嵌着红绿蓝宝石。泰姬陵高大宏伟，让人为之折服。比泰姬陵本身更吸引人的就是一段也堪称“世界奇迹”的爱情:公元十六世纪，一位叫泰姬的美丽女人嫁给了印度莫卧儿王朝的皇帝沙杰汗，先后为他生养了十四个子女，并且与战乱中的皇帝同悲同喜，还帮助他夺回王位，却不幸在36岁那年因难产而死。临终前，泰姬向皇帝道出三愿:一要皇帝善待子女;二要他不得续娶;三愿皇帝为她建造一座能和她的容貌匹配的最美丽的陵墓。皇帝悲痛无比，一一承诺。他除了每年征发二万多名印度民工，还召来世界各地著名的设计师和工匠，历时22年，用印度西北的纯白大理石、斯里兰卡的蓝宝石、伊拉克的月长石、阿拉伯的珊瑚、波斯的紫水晶、俄国的孔雀石、中国西藏的翡翠……耗资千万，终于创造了世界奇观。痴情的皇帝还打算在泰姬陵的河对岸为自己建造一座相似的陵墓，用通体透黑的大理石对应通体透白的爱妃陵，寓示两人的爱情纯洁得没有丁点儿杂质。河面上还要用黑白两色的大理石建一座桥，连接两人纯黑纯白的陵墓。然而皇帝的美梦未能成真，他的三个儿子迫不及待夺取王位，将年迈的他囚禁在阿格拉堡的一座角楼中，最后郁郁而死。这类结局并不陌生。历史上宫廷里为争夺王位，父子相残兄弟相戮的事例比比皆是。大概皇子们也有感于老爸对母亲的痴情，虽然没有理睬他建筑“爱情桥”的遗愿，但总算把他的遗体送到了泰姬身旁。现在陵内存放着的两具嵌满宝石花卉的白色大理石石棺，小小的那具就是皇帝沙杰汗的棺椁。78TajMahal泰姬陵泰戈尔说:泰姬陵是“一滴爱的眼泪”RedFort德里红堡ItwasthepalaceofMughaldynasty.(莫卧儿王朝）.ItwasatypicalMughalstylebuilding.79RedFort德里红堡Itwasthepalace

Nalan-da那兰陀ThesiteofBuddhistholylands.Buddhistholylands80Nalan81128213Cuisine-----FoodAvegetariankingdomMilkandteaMutton(羊肉）Tobacco（烟草）andalcoholarenotpopularNoknifeandforkfeatures83Cuisine-----FoodAvegetariank841585168617Lemontea87Lemontea18IndianChai88IndianChai198920902191229223IndianSamosas

咖喱角,印度三角饼93IndianSamosas

咖喱角,印度三角饼2494259526Want96Want27ART&LANGUAGE97ART&LANGUAGE28LANGUAGE&LITERATUREENGLISHANDHINDI(北印度语)LANGUAGE98LANGUAGE&LITERATUREENGLISHANDDANCENorthernIndiandanceMannypooleydanceCuttackdanceSouthernIndiandanceBharatanatyamGetakelidance

BellyDance99DANCENorthernIndiandanceBell10031PAINTING

TheevolutionofIndiaartstyleisaffectednotonlybythebeautyofformautonomy(自治）law,butalsorestrictedbytheIndiareligion

（宗教；宗教信仰）,philosophy(哲学）transmutation.（演变）Buddhistart（佛教）HinduArt（印度教）101PAINTINGTheevolutionofIndARCHITECTURETheIndiaRiverandtheGangesRiver（恒河）areoneoftheancientworldcivilizationdevelopedarea,isthebirthplaceofBuddhism,Brahmanism（婆罗门教）andJainism（耆那教）,laterleftarichandcolorfulbuildings.102ARCHITECTURETheIndiaRiveranSociallifeofIndiaReligionInterestingsocialcustomsandtraditionsIdeasandbeliefs103SociallifeofIndiaReligionIJainism

耆那教Christianism基督教Buddhism佛教Sikhism

锡克教Islam伊斯兰教Hinduism

印度教VariousReligionsDeeplyinfluentedbyreligions

Religiousdiversity104JainismChristianismBuddhismS耆那教在汉译佛典中称为尼乾外道、无系外道、裸形外道、无惭外道或宿作因论等。印度有0.4%的居民信奉耆那教，该教徒的信仰是理性高于宗教，认为正确的信仰、知识、操行会导致解脱之路，进而达到灵魂的理想境界。同时该教是一种禁欲宗教，其教徒主要集中在西印度。耆那教徒不从事以屠宰为生的职业，也不从事农业。主要从事商业、贸易或工业。耆那教不讲究信神，但崇拜24祖。

锡克教(Sikhism)是15世纪产生于印度的一神教，主要流行于印度旁遮普邦，在南亚的巴基斯坦，东南亚的马来西亚，北美的美国和加拿大也有少量信徒。"锡克"一词，来源于梵文，意思是"学生"、"弟子"、"信徒"。锡克教徒被称为锡克人，长发、梳子、钢箍、匕首、短裤是锡克教徒的五大信仰标识。尊崇十位上师并以上师们传授的《阿底格兰特》为经典，《阿底格兰特》象征第十一位上师。以公平正义、扶贫济弱和宗教自由为基本教义。宗教符号的圆圈代表没有始终的唯一真神，左右两边的弯刀象征捍卫真理与正义;中间的双刃刀代表做饭的刀具。锡克教神寺每天给穷人提供免费餐饮。圣城是阿姆利则，朝圣地是被称为"神之所在"的阿姆利则金寺。105耆那教在汉译佛典中称为尼乾外道、无系外道、裸形外道、无惭外道BUDDHISM佛教

﹠JAINISM耆那教106BUDDHISM佛教﹠JAINISM耆那教37CHRISTIANISM基督教

﹠SIKHISM锡克教107CHRISTIANISM基督教﹠SIKHISM锡克教38HINDUISM印度教

﹠ISLAM伊斯兰教108HINDUISM印度教﹠ISLAM伊斯兰教39Hinduism（印度教）

The3rdlargestTheoldestextantreligionMorethan800millionadherents---82%ofpeoplePolytheism多神论

---morethan300milliondeitiesCastesystem种姓制度

---BrahminKshatriyaVaishyaSūdraIdea---Thesoulsofpeopleareperpetual（永恒的）109Hinduism（印度教）The3rdlargestShiva湿婆：印度教毁灭之神

Brahma毗湿奴：印度教保护之神

Vishun梵天：印度教创造之神

3lord（主/上帝）deities（神）ofHinduism

110ShivaBrahmaVishun3lord（主/上帝）11142Thefane（寺庙）ofHinduism---Prambanam（普兰班南）112Thefane（寺庙）ofHinduism---Pra113441144511546TotemofHinduismWeareHOLYCATTLE（家畜）.图腾116TotemofHinduismWeareHOLYCSymbolofHinduism117SymbolofHinduism48Everymorning，manyHindusbathintheholywaterofVaranasiGangesRiver(瓦拉纳西恒河)Worship118Everymorning，manyHindusbathThefaneofJainism

119ThefaneofJainism50

ThefaneofSikhism---DaikinTemple

120ThefaneofSikhism---DaikiThenationalflowerofIndia121ThenationalflowerofIndia5212253Nationalbird

123Nationalbird5412455TraditionalSocialCultureTheinfluencesofHinduismandthetraditionofthecaste（种姓）systemhavecreatedaculturethatemphasizesestablishedhierarchical（等级）-婆罗门,刹帝利,吠舍,首陀罗relationships.

125TraditionalSocialCultureTheEtiquettes

andtaboos

JustCan'tSayNoIndiansdonotliketoexpress'no,'AnIndianwouldbeconsideredterriblyrudeifyousaid“no”.MeetingEtiquetteNormalgreeting:Holdhands,palmstogether,underthechinandsay,"Namaste,"means"peace."AlighthandshakeisconsideredthemostpoliteformofgreetinginIndia.Itisconsideredimpolitetoofferyourhandfirsttoshakewithawomen,becauseofreligiousbeliefs.126EtiquettesandtaboosJustCanAdirtylefthandWashingwithlefthand……Iamthe“right”hand.Itispolitetoshakewithyourrighthands.127AdirtylefthandWashingwithDon’ttouch!Ifyoutouchothers’head,youwillmakethemunhappy.Holyhead

128Don’ttouch!IfyoutouchotherColoursLikeDislike129ColoursLikeDislike60Luckynumbers130Luckynumbers61HistoricaleventsCeremony